Marine/Maritime Spatial Planning Andrej Abramić

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1 Marine/Maritime Spatial Planning Andrej Abramić EcoAqua SUMMER SCHOOL: Ecosystem approach to aquaculture 26-29th of October 2015 Research and Technology to enhance excellence in Aquaculture development under an Ecosystem approach

2 Marine/Maritime Spatial Planning Overview of the Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) Introduction to the topic, concepts, methods, tools Legal aspects related to the MSP Framework Directive 2014/89/EU on Maritime Spatial Planning MSP & aquaculture Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC What are Directive requirements Relation MSFD VS MSP and aquaculture MSP practical session MSP Tools Simulation - computer role game

3 Why we need Marine Spatial Planning (MSP)? Conflicts between multiple users are more frequent - To coordinate and minimize conflicts of multiple users (energy, industry, government, conservation, recreation.) that utilize same area - To coordinate decisions for sea/ocean management - To apply sustainable development and ecosystem approach

4 Decisions & planning in each sector Commercial fishing Renewable energy Oil & gas Offshore, nearshore aquaculture Military activity Marine transport Etc..

5 What is Marine Spatial Planning? - Process, tool, method, legal instrument? Legislation Process Methodolgy Tools & Data

6 Marine Spatial Planning defintion The public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectivities that are usually specified though a political process. Definition by Ehler & Douvere Visions for a Sea Change

7 Where is necessary to implement MSP? (boundaries) 1982UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) - defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources.

8 Expected benefits of MSP Environmental benefits Economic benefits Social benefits Governance benefits

9 Maritime economy in EU? Maritime Transport - 90% of external trade and 40% of internal trade; European ports host 3,5 billion tons and 350 million passengers per year. Shipbuilding - 0,8 million direct and indirect highly skilled jobs, a turnover of 90 billion; Energy use of alternative energies such as tidal and wave power and offshore wind farms and account for 121 millions in 2005). Fisheries and aquaculture - 0,5 million jobs; 0,3% of EU GDP equating to about 20 billion/year; aquaculture accounts for 19% of the Union's total fishery production. Tourism and coastal zones - maritime tourism accounts for about 3 million jobs with a turnover of 72 billions in New resources and blue biotechnology (emerging sector with predicted growth of 10% per year and a global market of 2,4 billion). European Commission - MEMO/08/553 03/09/2008

10 MSP European view Maritime Spatial Planning part of the Integrated Maritime Policy, helps public authorities and stakeholders to coordinate their action and optimizes the use of marine space to benefit economic development and the marine environment. MSP is a tool for improved decision-making Framework for arbitrating between competing human activities and managing their impact on the marine environment Managing competition between sectorial interests, such as shipping and maritime transport, offshore energy, ports development, fisheries and aquaculture and environmental concerns Marine Spatial Planning VS Maritime Spatial Planning 'marine' directly relates to the sea, while 'maritime' relates to things associated with the sea. The term maritime spatial planning is favored over marine spatial planning to underline the holistic cross-sectorial approach of the process.

11 UNESCO IOC Marine Spatial Planning Initiative Operationalize ecosystem-based management by finding space for biodiversity conservation and sustainable economic development in marine environments. Developing a step-by-step approach for implementing marine spatial planning; Documenting marine spatial planning initiatives around the world; Analyzing good practices of marine spatial planning; Collecting references and literature on marine spatial planning; Charles Ehler and Fanny Douvere Enhancing understanding about marine spatial planning through publications; Developing capacity and training for marine spatial planning.

12 Step by step - Ecosystem-based management approach

13 Integrated MSP process

14 MSP in 6 steps

15 MSP process

16 Planning within management framework Management is a matter of social and political choice stakeholder involvement Ehler & Douvere Visions for a Sea Change

17 Examples - Malta (scenario/strategy)

18 North Sea German EEZ

19 Belgium & Dutch EEZ

20 Step- by- step approach straightforward step-by-step approach to show how marine spatial planning can be set up and applied toward achieving ecosystem-based management. 10 consecutive steps and tasks of setting up a successful marine spatial planning

21 Step 1 Defining need and establishing authority Outputs that should be delivered from this step: A preliminary list of specific problems you want to solve through marine spatial planning Problems, issues or conflicts that you want to focus in MSP process Places without any visible problems or conflicts today can look very different in another ten or twenty years. Anticipate potential conflicts and deal with them before they become problematic. A decision about what kind of authority you need for developing marine spatial planning Authority to implement MSP

22 Step 2 Obtaining financial support Outputs that should be delivered from this step? A financial plan that: a) Estimates the costs of your MSP activities; Financial considerations, Legal considerations, Administrative considerations, Social considerations, Environmental considerations b) Identifies alternative means to obtain financing for those MSP activities The key to success is to have multiple revenue sources and not rely on just one particular financing mechanism

23 Step 3 Organizing the process (preplanning) Outputs should be delivered from this step: Organization of a marine spatial planning team with the desired skills; A work plan that identifies key work products and resources required to complete the outputs of planning on time; Defined boundaries & time frame for analysis and management; A set of principles to guide development of the marine spatial management plan; and A set of goals and objectives for the management area.

24 Organization of a marine spatial planning team multi-disciplinary team comprised of biologists, ecologists, geographers, economists, and planners with disciplinary knowledge

25 Develop work plan project management List the main activities Break each activity down into manageable tasks Choose appropriate time periods for developing activities Clarify the sequence and relationships between tasks Estimate the start time and duration of each task Assign responsibilities for tasks

26 Defining boundaries Define boundaries for analysis and boundaries for management does not have to coincide Management boundaries Define the baseline and boundaries ( EEZ, territorial sea, contiguous zone, continental shelf ) Analysis boundaries Broader than the boundaries for management (e.g., for implementation) will enable you to identify sources of influence (e.g., sources of pollution)that have an effect in your management area

27 Defining principles A principle is a basic or essential quality or element determining the intrinsic nature or characteristic behavior of MSP Basic principles: Ecological, Economic, Governance, Social Examples: The ecosystem integrity principle The integration principle The transparency principle The polluter-pays principle

28 Defining goals and targets A goal is a statement of general direction or intent. They are high-level statements of the desired outcome that you hope to achieve. Examples of MSP goals might include: Conserve or protect marine resources; Conserve ecological structure- to maintain biodiversity and natural resilience Protect ecologically valuable areas; Restored degraded areas Examples of well-specified objectives: Protect 90% of essential habitat for diving birds by 2012; Ensure that adequate marine space is available to produce 25% of energy needs from offshore sources by the year 2020 Ensure that a minimum of 10% of marine space is available for offshore aquaculture by 2018

29 Step 4 Organizing stakeholder participation A plan indicating who, when and how to involve stakeholders throughout the marine spatial planning process When phases : pre-planning, planning, plan implementation

30 Stakeholders participation

31 Step 5 Defining and analyzing existing conditions outputs should be delivered? Data and maps of important biological and ecological areas/process Data and maps of current maritime activities An assessment of possible conflicts and compatibilities among existing human uses; and An assessment of possible conflicts and compatibilities between existing human uses and the environment.

32 Analyze conflicts/compatibilities Sustainability evaluation analysis and conflicts management Use conflict MATRIX

33 Step 6 Defining and analyzing future conditions outputs that should be delivered: A trend scenario illustrating how the MSP area will look if present conditions continue without new management interventions; Alternative spatial sea use scenarios illustrating how the management area might look when human activities are redistributed based on new goals and objectives; and A preferred scenario that provides the basis for identifying and selecting management measures in the spatial management plan (Step 7).

34 Step 7 Developing and approving the spatial management plan outputs that should be delivered from this step: An identification and evaluation of alterative management measures for the spatial management plan; Identification of criteria for selecting alternative management measures; and A comprehensive management plan, including if needed, a zoning plan. A zoning plan is the means through which the purpose for each part or parts of a marine management area can be used. Result of the analysis of conflicts and compatibilities

35 Step 8 Implementing and enforcing the spatial management plan Outputs that should be delivered: Clear identification of actions required to implement, ensure compliance with, and enforce the spatial management plan. Implementation is the process of converting MSP plans into actual operating programs Compliance is the implementation of the requirements of marine spatial planning. Enforcement refers to the set of actions that governments take to achieve compliance with regulations Implementation, compliance and enforcement of MSP provides stakeholders security for the development and crucial for the investment

36 Step 9 Monitoring and evaluating performance Step 10 Adapting the marine spatial management process monitoring system designed to measure indicators of the performance of marine spatial management measures Adaptive management is a systematic approach for improving management through learning by monitoring and evaluating management outcomes. Simply put, it is learning by doing and adapting what one does based on what is learned.

37 Questions???

38 Legal aspects related to the MSP US legislation USA National Ocean Policy Implementation Plan related to the ocean, coasts, and the Great Lakes. Marine planning is a science and information based tool that can help advance local and regional interests to improve collaboration and coordination among all coastal and ocean interests Marine planning is a voluntary regional process. Marine planning is a common sense Introduce Marine Planning Handbook 2013

39 MSP cross cutting policy of Integrated Maritime Policy Directorate General of Maritime Affairs (DG MARE ) Blue growth Marine data and knowledge Maritime spatial planning Integrated maritime surveillance Sea basin strategies

40 EU legislation related to the MSP Roadmap for Maritime Spatial Planning: Achieving Common Principles in the EU - COM(2008) 791 Directive 2014/89/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning

41 Roadmap for MSP Achieving Common Principles in the EU - COM(2008) 791 GENERAL PLANNING APPROACHES AND PROJECTS INTERNATIONAL AND EU INSTRUMENTS WITH AN IMPACT ON MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING International instruments, EU env. Legislation, Common Fishery policy, RSC, KEY PRINCIPLES EMERGING FROM MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING PRACTICE

42 Directive on MSP 2014/89/EU Adopted 2014 Long process discussion on ICZM that at the end is not a part of the Directive Soft legislation each EU country will be free to plan its own maritime activities, local, regional and national planning in shared seas would be made more compatible through a set of minimum common requirements.

43 Directive on MSP 2014/89/EU DIRECTIVE 2014/89/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 July 2014 establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning Each EU MS will establish and implement maritime spatial planning until 2021 Established minimum requirements for MSP take into account land-sea interactions take into account environmental, economic and social aspects aim to promote coherence between maritime spatial planning and the resulting plan or plans and other processes, such as integrated coastal management ensure the involvement of stakeholders organize the use of the best available data ensure trans-boundary cooperation promote cooperation with third countries

44 Questions Discussion Why soft legislation in EU and US? Why ICM is not included in the Directive?

45 MSP & Aquaculture Aquaculture need to be considered as a maritime activity and finally integrated in the MSP: Access to licenses - too long, too complicated discouraging conditions facilitate licensing process(es) Apply sustainable development ecosystem approach Mitigate conflicts with other maritime activities Site identification Coastal issues dominate licensing Co-location/multi-use difficult to implement at present to maximize the benefit of the offshore area

46 MSP & Aquaculture Co-location/multi-use Multi-use ideas to maximize the benefit of the offshore area: Ecology Tourism Energy resources Offshore aqualture Bio-extraction Use of fouling organizms

47 Questions? more discussion - Expected impact of MSP?

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