Matter. Anything that has mass and takes up space. Solids Liquids Gases

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1 Introduction to Matter

2 Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Solids Liquids Gases

3 Weight A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object What is the difference between weight and mass? How do you measure weight? SPRING SCALES!

4 Mass The amount of matter in an object How do you measure mass? Balances! Dual Tray Balance Triple Beam Balance

5 Mass: The Measure of Inertia How hard would it be to push a large bus? How hard would it be to push a grocery cart?

6 Inertia The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion If an object is still, it tends to stay still If an object is moving, it tends to keep moving

7 How do we convert between weight and mass? P. 8

8 Volume The amount of space taken up by an object How calculate for a rectangular prism? Volume = length x height x width Check bell work

9 Density Ratio of mass to volume A dense object has a large mass compared to a small volume

10 Physical Properties What are some examples? Physical properties are descriptions of characteristics of objects that do not involve chemical change

11 Physical Properties Objects have physical properties Physical properties are descriptions of characteristics of objects that do not involve chemical change Unknown substances can be identified by their physical properties

12 Physical Properties Color Odor Conductivity Solubility Hardness Luster Attracted to magnet Thermal Conductivity State Density Ductility Malleability See page 11

13 Physical Changes A change in matter that does not result in chemical changes substance s identity stays the same Examples: Change in state (Dissolving, Melting, freezing) Change in shape or volume

14 Chemical Property A description of a substance s ability to take part in chemical reactions

15 Examples of Chemical Properties Flammability The ability to catch on fire Reactivity The ability of two or more substances to form a new substance Oxidation : A result of the ability of a substance to react with oxygen Toxicity The ability to be poisonous Sensitivity to Light Radioactivity

16 Chemical Changes When one or more substances are changed into entirely NEW substances with different properties Chemical Changes change the identity & composition of the matter involved Physical changes do NOT Reactants are changed into products

17 Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties A physical property can be observed without changing the identity of the substance To observe a chemical property, the substance must undergo a chemical change

18 Matter and Chemical Change Chemical Changes change the identity of the matter involved Reactants are changed into products

19 What are SIGNS of a Chemical Change? Changes in color Changes in odor Changes in temperature (heat or cold) Bubbling, fizzing or foaming Sound or light given off

20 What Happens During a Chemical Change? Changes in physical properties What is seen, heard, felt, smelled? Changes in temperature Is heat energy absorbed or released? New substances form Did reactants create new products?

21 Density What is happening here, in terms of particles of matter?

22 Physical vs. Chemical Change Can the change be reversed? Physical changes can be easily reversed Examples? Chemical changes cannot be easily reversed Examples? Can they NEVER be reversed?

23 Comparing Physical and Chemical properties How can you tell the difference between a physical or a chemical property?

24 Physical vs. Chemical Change Composition is the type of matter that makes up an object Did the composition change? Physical changes do not change the composition of a substance Chemical changes do change the composition

25 Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties A physical property can be observed without changing the identity of the substance To observe a chemical property, the substance must undergo a chemical change

26 Examples of Chemical Changes

27 Are Examples of Chemical Changes Uncommon? NO!

28 Characteristic Properties The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance Do not depend on sample size or amount Can be physical properties as well as chemical properties Examples: Density, solubility (physical) Flammability, reactivity (chemical)

29 Endothermic vs. Exothermic Energy OUT Energy IN

30 Baking Soda & Vinegar Reactions NaHCO 3 + HC 2 H 3 O 2 - NaC 2 H 3 O 2 + H 2 CO 3 (Baking Soda) (Vinegar or Acetic Acid) (Sodium Acetate) (Carbonic Acid) REACTANTS PRODUCTS What would be evidence of energy being transferred during reaction?

31 Baking Soda & Vinegar Reactions Called a Double Replacement reaction Different elements in two different compounds (reactants) replace each other NaHCO 3 + HC 2 H 3 O 2 - NaC 2 H 3 O 2 + H 2 CO 3 (Baking Soda) (Vinegar or Acetic Acid) (Sodium Acetate) (Carbonic Acid) REACTANTS PRODUCTS Carbonic Acid immediately breaks down into H 2 O (water) and CO 2 (Carbon Dioxide)

32 Tree Maps! Physical Chemical Properties 1. X 2. X 3. X 4. X Changes 1. X 2. X 3. X 4. X Properties 1. X 2. X 3. X 4. X Changes 1. X 2. X 3. X 4. X

33 Physical Chemical Properties 1. Thermal Conductivity 2. State 3. Density 4. Ductility 5. Malleability 6. Color 7. Odor 8. Conductivity 9. Solubility 10. Hardness 11. Luster 12. Attracted to magnet Changes (examples) Change in state (melting,freezing,etc.) Change in shape Change in volume Dissolving Properties 1. Flammability 2. Reactivity 3. Oxidation 4. Toxicity 5. Sensitivity to Light 6. Radioactivity Changes (examples) Characteristic Properties The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance They can be physical properties as well as chemical properties Examples may be physical OR chemical Density, solubility Flammability, reactivity What are SIGNS of a Chemical Change? Changes in color Changes in odor Changes in temperature (heat or cold) Bubbling, fizzing or foaming Sound or light given off

34 Hot Gas

35 Rusting ( oxidation )

36 Soured Milk

37 A Chemical Reaction

38 Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Solids Liquids Gases

39 Mass The amount of matter in an object How do you measure mass? Balances! Dual Tray Balance Triple Beam Balance

40 Mass: The Measure of Inertia How hard would it be to push a large bus? How hard would it be to push a grocery cart?

41 Inertia The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion If an object is still, it tends to stay still If an object is moving, it tends to keep moving

42 How do we convert between weight and mass? P. 8

43 Volume The amount of space taken up by an object How calculate for a rectangular prism? Volume = length x height x width Check bell work

44 Physical Properties Objects have physical properties Physical properties are descriptions of characteristics of objects that do not involve chemical change Unknown substances can be identified by their physical properties

45 Physical Properties What are some examples? Physical properties are descriptions of characteristics of objects that do not involve chemical change

46 Let s Review Physical Properties Color Odor Conductivity Solubility Hardness Luster Attracted to magnet Thermal Conductivity State Density Ductility Malleability See page 11

47 Let s Review Physical Changes A change in matter that does not result in chemical changes substance s identity stays the same Examples: Change in state (Dissolving, Melting, freezing) Change in shape or volume

48 Density What is happening here, in terms of particles of matter?

49 Density Ratio of mass to volume A dense object has a large mass compared to a small volume

50 Meniscus