2.3 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
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1 2.3 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES n Vocabulary: n chemical property n flammability n reactivity n chemical change n precipitate n Objectives: n Describe chemical properties of matter. n Describe clues that indicate that a chemical change is taking place. n Distinguish chemical changes from physical changes. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 1
2 OBSERVING CHEMICAL PROPERTIES v chemical property - ability to produce a change in the composition of matter v chemical properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 2
3 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 2 examples of chemical properties are: Ø Ø flammability - material s ability to burn in presence of oxygen reactivity - property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 3
4 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES REACTIVITY v oxygen is a highly reactive element, whereas nitrogen has an extremely low reactivity v oxygen reacts easily with most other elements v rust forms when oxygen reacts with iron & water v a rusty chain or bolt is more likely to break than a new chain or bolt, because rust is weaker than iron. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 4
5 RECOGNIZING CHEMICAL CHANGES v chemical change - occurs when a substance reacts & forms one or more new substances Best way to determine if a chemical change is taking place is to compare materials before & after the reaction. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 5
6 EVIDENCE OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE change in color formation of a precipitate, production of gas Each of these changes is a clue that a chemical change has produced at least 1 new substance. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 6
7 EVIDENCE OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE Why is the Statue green? The Statue's copper has naturally oxidized to form its familiar "patina" green coating. Patina is as thick, in many places, as the copper behind it & is protecting the copper from naturally wearing away. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 7
8 Color n change in color is a clue that a chemical change has produced at least one new substance n e.g. when a match is struck & ignites, does the match stay the same color? n what chemical property does the match have? Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 8
9 EVIDENCE OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE Adding acid (vinegar) to milk forms a precipitate Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 9
10 EVIDENCE OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE precipitate - solid that separates from a liquid mixture When a clear colorless solution of lead nitrate, Pb(NO 3 ) 2, is added to a clear colorless solution of sodium iodide, NaI, a yellow precipitate of lead iodide, PbI 2, appears. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 10
11 FORMATION OF A PRECIPITATE Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 11
12 FORMATION OF A PRECIPITATE Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 12
13 FORMATION OF A PRECIPITATE Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 13
14 Production of Gas n Describe baking soda & vinegar before they are mixed. n What clue indicates that a chemical change is taking place when they are mixed? Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 14
15 PRODUCTION OF A GAS Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 15
16 ARE THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL CHANGES OR PHYSICAL CHANGES? Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 16
17 ARE THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL CHANGES OR PHYSICAL CHANGES? n It is not always easy to tell a chemical change from a physical change. Even if you observe a color change, a gas, or a precipitate, you cannot be sure a chemical change has taken place. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 17
18 DISTINGUISHING CHEMICAL CHANGE FROM PHYSICAL CHANGE Ask yourself: Are different substances present after the change takes place? Rules: When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter changes. When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of the matter remains the same. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter 18
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