Radioactive elements in the Periodic Table
|
|
|
- Archibald Henderson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 11) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (1) Radioactive elements in the Periodic Table ) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (2) Technetium (atomic number 43) first artificial element discovered in 1939 by deuteron bombardment of a molybdenum plate) 94 Mo (d,n) 95m Tc, 95 Mo (d,n) 97m Tc!!!!!! named in 1947 according "technetos (Greek, The Artificial ) nearly no natural resources (only ultratrace amounts due to spontaneous fission of 238 U (1 atom technetium per uranium atoms in uranium minerals) but one of the main products of nuclear fission available in kgamounts (prize: 1 g 100 $ ) Technetium Chemistry typical transition metal oxidation states from 0 to +7 most stable oxidation states +4 and +7,most stable compounds TcO 2, TcO 4 rich coordination chemistry (stabilisation of the different oxidation states depends on the reducing conditions and the ligands supplied) rich cluster chemistry 131
2 11) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (3) Technetium coordination chemistry with halides TcO 4 conc.hcl, NaN 3, reflux conc. HCl, CO, BH 3, reflux [Tc VI NCl 4 ] NitridoCore conc.hcl RT conc.hcl, reflux conc.hcl, OH, RT [Tc I (CO) 3 Cl 3 ] 2 TricarbonylCore [Tc V OCl 4 ] OxoCore [Tc IV Cl 6 ] 2 [Tc II (NO)Cl 4 ] NitrosylCore ) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (4) Technetium coordination chemistry ±0 TcO 4 reduction oxydation Tc metal
3 11) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (5) Technetium cluster chemistry ) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (6) Promethium chemistry discovery in 1947 (last gap in the Periodic Table was closed) Isotopes between 136 Pm and 154 Pm, longest halflife 140 Pm: 17.7 a typical lanthanide element chemistry is comparable with that of its neighbours Nd and Sm commercial use of 147 Pm in batteries: direct photovoltaic process!!! Energy density of Pm 2 O 3 : 0,333 W/g pn transition of a semiconductor Radiovoltaic battery 135
4 Polonium 11) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (7) heaviest Element of the VI. group in nature it is exclusively available as 210 Po as a member of the uranium decay family (in pitchblend up to 0.1 mg per ton, 10 4 ppm) 210 β,22.3a 210 β,5.01d 210 α,138.38d Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 82 Pb discovery in 1898 by Marie Curie by its radioactivity use as αemitter in neutron sources Chemistry marked metal character (similar to bismuth) frequent oxidation states +2 and +4 typical compounds: PoCl 2 (rubinred), PoCl 4 (yellow), PoO 2 more alkaline than the homologes: Po(NO 3 ) 4, Po(SO 4 ) 2 are stable no compound with organic ligands (strong radiation would decompose the compound) 136 Astatine 11) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (8) heaviest element of main group VII practically no occurance in nature (At isotope in natural decay series have halflifes < 10 sec) discovered in1940 by Corson, Mackenzie and Segre artificial synthesis by bombardment of 209 Bi with αparticles longest halflife 210 At: 8.1 h Chemistry behaviour similar to iodine, but preference to cationic species oxidation states: 1, 0, +1, +3, +5, +7 At + cations form complexes with thiourea und interhalogen compounds At + + S C 2 At Cl [AtCl 2 ] H 2 N S At S C C 10 H 2 N
5 11) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (9) Radon heaviest noble gas without stable isotopes occurs in all natural decay series main source of natural radioactivity isotopes from 200 Rn to 226 Rn longest halflife 222 Rn: 3.8 days synonyms: triton, thoron, actinon, radium emanation main source: 226 Ra (1g Ra yields 0,64cm 3 Rn in 3 weeks) Radon Chemistry heaviest noble gas easiest polarisation should be more reactive than xenon Francium heaviest alkaline metal without stable isotopes discovered in 1939 (Margueritte Perey) occurrence in natural actinium decay family overall amount in earths crust: about 15 g isotopes: 201 Fr to 229 Fr (longest halflife 212 Fr: 24 min) ) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (10) Radium heaviest alkaline earth element, key element for the development of radiochemistry discovered in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie (isolation of RaCl 2 from several tons of pitch blend (uranium mineral) occurs on earth together with uranium (decay product): 1 mg Ra per 3 kg U isotopes: 206 Ra to 230 Ra longest halflife 226 Ra (1600a) Actinium element of the third transition metal group without stable isotopes discovered in 1899 (A. Debierne) in uranium minerals natural Ac ( 227 Ac) is a ß emitter (halflife: a) with highly γ radioactive decay products (hard to handle) pure Acmetal emits light in the dark Actinium Chemistry typical oxidation state: +3 chemistry is similar to that of lanthanium 139
6 Thorium 11) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (11) element of the actinide series without stable isotopes chemically related to the lanthanide elements (natural occurance in monazite) discovered in 1828 by Berzelius in Thorite (Norwegian mineral) thoriumisotopesfrom 213 Th to 236 Th (longest halflife 232 Th: 1.4 x a) application in special ceramics Thorium Chemistry typical oxidation state +4 wellestablished inorganic chemistry (ThO 2, ThCl 4, Th(NO 3 ) 4 ) and coordination chemistry due to the ready availability of the longliving isotope 232 Th from natural sources large ion with high charge chemistry of high coordination numbers e.g. Coordination number 12 in [Th(NO 3 ) 6 ] 2 Strongly distorted icosahedron ) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (12) Protactinium A part of the Uranium family series is important for the laboratory course: 238 U (99.27% natural abundance) decays into 234 Th (Halflife: 4.4 x 10 9 y, αdecay) 234 Th is radioactive itself and forms 234 Pa (Halflife 24.1 d, ßdecay) this disintegration passes a transient state with a certain halflife ( the metastable isomer 234m Pa which is a γ emitter) Thisγ emitter is the radioactive substance of almost all measuring experiments in the lab course 234m 91 Pa short halflife γ α β 234 β Th α 92U Pa 90 Th 9 a 92 U 24.1 d 6.7 h a α a Uranium family Neptunium family 141
7 Uranium 11) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (13) Most important actinide element discovered in 1789 by Klaproth from the mineral pitch blend element with the highest naturally occuring mass number (with the exception of its disintegration products Np and Pu) isotopes 225 U to 242 U (longest halflife 238 U: 4.4 x 10 8 a) great importance as nuclear fuel in nuclear power stations uranium chemistry frequently occuring oxidation states: +3, +4, +5 and +6 complicated coordination chemistry with various species and changes in the oxidation states halides: UF 6 (colourless, volatile compound with importance for the isotope separation by means of gas diffussion), UCl 6 (green), UCl 5 (brown), UCl 4 (green), UF 3 (violet) uranyl complexes with linear U(VI)O 2 2+ ions remarkable tendency to form multinuclear aggregates by condensation via O, OH or OH 2 bridging units ) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (14) Reaction: Calculated species contribution: Species concentration: ph 143
8 11) The Chemistry of Artificial and Radioelements (15) Reaction: UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O + N CH 3 C N (in methanol Methanol / / water Wasser) NH C S NH2 without addition of a supporting base addition of NEt 3 same reaction starting from (NBu 4 )[UO 2 Cl 4 ] 144
Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4
Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4 Use the laws of conservation of mass number and charge to determine the identity of X in the equations below. Refer to a periodic table as needed. 222 a. Rn
In 1808 John Dalton proposed that:
In 1808 John Dalton proposed that: all matter is made up of atoms which cannot be subdivided atoms of the same element are identical atoms of different elements have different masses atoms combine together
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Extra credit: chapter 7 in Bryson See online (link fixed) or moodle Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic nucleus Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical
12) The Chemistry of Transuranium elements (1)
12 The Chemistry of Transuranium elements (1 Neptunium - first transuranium element which was discovered in 1940 (McMillan, Abelson - bombardment of uranium with thermal neutrons: - long-lived isotope:
D) g. 2. In which pair do the particles have approximately the same mass?
1. A student constructs a model for comparing the masses of subatomic particles. The student selects a small, metal sphere with a mass of gram to represent an electron. A sphere with which mass would be
da u g ht er + radiation
RADIOACTIVITY The discovery of radioactivity can be attributed to several scientists. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895 and shortly after that Henri Becquerel observed radioactive behavior while
Detectors for the measurement of ionizing radiation
For the measurement of radiation, the following reactions during the irradiation of matter are predominantly utilized: Ionization in gases (Ionization chamber, proportional flow counter, release counter)
Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of nuclei. The first radioactive. elements discovered were the heavy atoms thorium and uranium.
Chapter 16 What is radioactivity? Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of nuclei. The first radioactive elements discovered were the heavy atoms thorium and uranium. These heavy atoms and others
THE CHART OF NUCLIDES
THE CHART OF NUCLIDES LAB NR 10 INTRODUCTION The term nuclide refers to an atom or nucleus as characterized by the number of protons (Z) and neutrons (N) that the nucleus contains. A chart of nuclides
Actinide Chemistry. Associate Professor Susanna Wold
Actinide Chemistry Associate Professor Susanna Wold Understanding fundamental chemistry and the nature of the periodic system Electronic configuration Oxidation states The metallic states Crystal structure
SOURCES of RADIOACTIVITY
Section 9: SOURCES of RADIOACTIVITY This section briefly describes various sources of radioactive nuclei, both naturally occurring and those produced artificially (man-made) in, for example, reactors or
Fiesta Ware. Nuclear Chemistry. 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Fiesta Ware 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Measuring Radioactivity One can use a device like this Geiger counter to measure the amount of activity present in a radioactive sample. The ionizing radiation creates
Teacher: Mr. gerraputa. Name: Which two radioisotopes have the same decay mode?
Teacher: Mr. gerraputa Print Close Name: 1 Which two radioisotopes have the same decay mode? 37 Ca and 53 Fe 220 Fr and 60 Co 37 K and 42 K 99 Tc and 19 Ne 1 5. 3 Exactly how much time must elapse before
Chapter 3. Radioactivity. Table of Contents
Radioactivity Table of Contents Introduction 1. Radioactivity 2. Types of Radioactive Decays 3. Natural Radioactivity 4. Artificial Radioactivity 5. The Rate of Radioactive Decay 6. The Effects of Radiation
Lecture 1: RDCH 710 Introduction
Lecture 1: RDCH 710 Introduction Class organization Outcomes Grading Natural actinide species Th U Transuranic synthesis Lecture notes based on LANL radiochemistry course 1-1 Course overview The unique
2) Explain why the U-238 disintegration series shown in the graph ends with the nuclide Pb-206.
Name: 3156-1 - Page 1 Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following: A U-238 atom decays to a Pb-206 atom through a series of steps. Each point on the graph below represents a nuclide and each arrow represents
Particle Physics. Question Paper 1. Save My Exams! The Home of Revision. International A Level. Exam Board Particle & Nuclear Physics
For more awesome GSE and level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ Particle Physics Question Paper 1 Level International Level Subject Physics Exam oard IE Topic Particle & Nuclear Physics Sub
Atomic Structure Notes: Parts of the atom:
Day 1 Atomic Structure Notes: Parts of the atom: Protons: Positively charged particles found in the Neutrons: Neutral charged particle found in the Electrons: Negatively charged particle found in the.
Chapter 18 Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 8 Nuclear Chemistry 8. Discovery of radioactivity 895 Roentgen discovery of radioactivity X-ray X-ray could penetrate other bodies and affect photographic plates led to the development of X-ray
52 Radioactive Elements
1141 52 Radioactive Elements Most of the elements found in nature have several isotopes. Elements with atomic number 83 (bismuth) and lower have at least one stable isotope, although some are also radioactive
Chem 100 Section Experiment 12 Name Partner s Name. Radioactivity
Chem 100 Section Experiment 12 Name Partner s Name Introduction Radioactivity This experiment is designed to enhance your understanding of the process known as radioactivity. In this exercise you will
Atomic Notation (or Nuclear Symbol): Shorthand for keeping track of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Name Section CHM52LL: Nuclear Chemistry: Radioactivity, Decay, Dating, and Other Hazards There is no prelab assignment this week I. Radioactive Isotopes and Nuclear Equations Atoms are composed of three
Radioactive Decay and Radioactive Series
Radioactive Decay and Radioactive Series by Michele Laino June 7, 2015 Abstract In this short paper I will explain some general aspects of radioactive decays, furthermore, some useful tables, concerning
Chapter 44. Nuclear Structure
Chapter 44 Nuclear Structure Milestones in the Development of Nuclear Physics 1896: the birth of nuclear physics Becquerel discovered radioactivity in uranium compounds Rutherford showed the radiation
Chemistry Unit 5 Exam Study Guide Nuclear Chemistry
Chemistry Unit 5 Exam Study Guide Nuclear Chemistry Define the following vocabulary terms: Radioactivity Radiation Alpha Particle Beta Particle Gamma Ray Transmutation Half-life Nuclear Decay Nuclear Fission
Ch 17 Radioactivity & Nuc. Chemistry Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON
Ch 17 Radioactivity & Nuc. Chemistry Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name No-Calculators Allowed /65 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
A. Identify the highly penetrating radioactive emission that exposed the photographic plates.
Name Unit 3: Nuclear Chemistry Date Part 2 Questions 1. In 1896, Antoine H. Becquerel discovered that a uranium compound could expose a photographic plate wrapped in heavy paper in the absence of light.
: When electrons bombarded surface of certain materials, invisible rays were emitted
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions 1. Occur when nuclei emit particles and/or rays. 2. Atoms are often converted into atoms of another element. 3. May involve protons, neutrons, and electrons 4. Associated
Radioactive Decay. Becquerel. Atomic Physics. In 1896 Henri Becquerel. - uranium compounds would fog photographic plates as if exposed to light.
Radioactive Decay Atomic Physics Becquerel In 1896 Henri Becquerel - uranium compounds would fog photographic plates as if exposed to light. - a magnetic field could deflect the radiation that caused the
Number of protons. 2. What is the nuclear symbol for a radioactive isotope of copper with a mass number of 60? A) Cu
Chapter 5 Nuclear Chemistry Practice Problems 1. Fill in the missing information in the chart: Medical Use Atomic Mass symbol number Heart imaging 201 Tl 81 Number of protons Number of neutrons Abdominal
Unit 13: Nuclear Practice Packet Regents Chemistry: Practice Packet: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry
Unit 13: Nuclear Practice Packet Regents Chemistry: Practice Packet: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry 1 Unit 13: Nuclear Practice Packet Lesson 1: Radioactive Decay Objective: Construct nuclear equations for
Chapter 22 - Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter - Nuclear Chemistry - The Nucleus I. Introduction A. Nucleons. Neutrons and protons B. Nuclides. Atoms identified by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus 8 a. radium-8 or 88 Ra II.
7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay
7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay exists all around us. This radiation consists of high energy particles or waves being emitted from a variety of materials. is the release of high energy particles
1. Base your answer to the following question on Given the nuclear equation:
1. Base your answer to the following question on Given the nuclear equation: 1 1H + X 6 3Li + 4 He The particle represented by X is A) 94Li B) 94Be C) 105Be D) 106C. Which isotope will spontaneously decay
Radium and the New Concepts in Chemistry
Marie Curie Nobel Lecture (1911, Chemistry) Radium and the New Concepts in Chemistry (1859-1906) (1867-1934) (1897-1956) Some 15 years ago the radiation of uranium was discovered by Henri Becquerel, and
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity. 2.1 Multiple-Choice
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity 2.1 Multiple-Choice 1) The smallest particle of an element that can be identified as that element is: A) a proton
Nuclear Chemistry. Mass Defect. E=mc 2. Radioactivity. Types of Radiation. Other Nuclear Particles. Nuclear Reactions vs. Normal Chemical Changes
1 Nuclear Chemistry Mass Defect 4 Some of the mass can be converted into energy Shown by a very famous equation! E=mc 2 Energy Mass Speed of light Radioactivity 2 Types of Radiation 5 One of the pieces
Chapter 3 Radioactivity
Chapter 3 Radioactivity Marie Curie 1867 1934 Discovered new radioactive elements Shared Nobel Prize in physics in 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 Radioactivity Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission
Radioactivity and Balancing Nuclear Reactions: Balancing Nuclear Reactions and Understanding which Particles are Involves
General Chemistry II Jasperse Nuclear Chemistry. Extra Practice Problems Radioactivity and Balancing Nuclear Reactions: Balancing Nuclear Reactions and Understanding which Particles are Involved he Stability
SAVE PAPER AND INK!!!
SAVE PAPER AND INK!!! When you print out the notes on PowerPoint, print "Handouts" instead of "Slides" in the print setup. Also, turn off the backgrounds (Tools>Options>Print>UNcheck "Background Printing")!
Nuclear Chemistry - HW
Nuclear Chemistry - HW PSI AP Chemistry Name 1) In balancing the nuclear reaction 238 92U 234 90E + 4 2He, the identity of element E is. A) Pu B) Np C) U D) Pa E) Th 2) This reaction is an example of.
Chapter 18. Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 18 Nuclear Chemistry The energy of the sun comes from nuclear reactions. Solar flares are an indication of fusion reactions occurring at a temperature of millions of degrees. Introduction to General,
Information Nuclide = is an atomic species characterized by the specific constitution of its nucleus (protons and neutrons) Neutron
NAME: DUE DATE: JULY nd AP Chemistry SUMMER REV: Balancing Nuclear Reactions Why? Nuclear reactions are going on all around us in the form of transmutation, fission and fusion. Using correctly balanced
-discovered set of patterns that applied to all elements published 1st periodic table. -wrote properties of each on note cards (density, color)
Dmitri Mendeleev -discovered set of patterns that applied to all elements -1869 published 1st periodic table -total of 63 elements discovered -wrote properties of each on note cards (density, color) -noticed
Unit Two: Atomic Structure
Unit Two: Atomic Structure TEKS 5: The student understands the historical development of the Periodic Table and can apply its predictive power. (b) use the Periodic Table to identify and explain the properties
Radioactivity and Radioactive Decay
and Radioactive Decay 40 We go back in time again. The beginning of the events leading to our modern understanding of how the nucleus works can be taken back to 1896. That is about thirteen years before
Unit 13: Nuclear Chemistry
Name Unit 13: Nuclear Chemistry Skills: 1. Review Atomic Structure 2. Determining Nuclear Stability 3. Naming and Drawing Hydrocarbons 4. Using N + O to Write Decay Equations Period 5. Solve Various Half
Chemistry 132 NT. Nuclear Chemistry. Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted.
Chemistry 132 NT Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted. Albert Einstein 1 Chem 132 NT Nuclear Chemistry Module 1 Radioactivity and Nuclear Bombardment
Nuclear Properties. Thornton and Rex, Ch. 12
Nuclear Properties Thornton and Rex, Ch. 12 A pre-history 1896 Radioactivity discovered - Becquerel a rays + (Helium) b rays - (electrons) g rays 0 (EM waves) 1902 Transmutation observed - Rutherford and
Nuclear Properties. Thornton and Rex, Ch. 12
Nuclear Properties Thornton and Rex, Ch. 12 A pre-history 1896 Radioactivity discovered - Becquerel a rays + (Helium) b rays - (electrons) g rays 0 (EM waves) 1902 Transmutation observed - Rutherford and
Chapter 37. Nuclear Chemistry. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37 Nuclear Chemistry Copyright (c) 2 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. 37. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off
Nuclear Properties. Thornton and Rex, Ch. 12
Nuclear Properties Thornton and Rex, Ch. 12 A pre-history 1896 Radioactivity discovered - Becquerel a rays + (Helium) b rays - (electrons) g rays 0 (EM waves) 1902 Transmutation observed - Rutherford and
ATOMS, MOLECULES AND STOICHIOMETRY
1 ATOMS, MOLECULES AN STOICHIOMETRY Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Everything around us consists of matter. Matter is classified into two main groups, elements and compounds. Elements
Radioactivity & Nuclear. Chemistry. Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School. Chemistry
Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School Chemistry The Discovery of Radioactivity Antoine-Henri Becquerel designed an experiment to determine if phosphorescent minerals also
General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 2e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity. 2.1 Multiple-Choice
General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 2e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity 2.1 Multiple-Choice 1) Two atoms must represent the same element if they both have the same: A) number of electron shells
Inner transition elements the lanthanides and actinides
Inner transition elements the lanthanides and actinides In the lanthanides, the 4f electronic orbitals are being filled (elements 57 to 71, 4f 1 to 4f 14 ) while the two outer shell electronic configurations
1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW
1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY PLEASE) 1. Mass defect is the difference between the mass
Atoms and the Periodic Table
Atoms and the Periodic Table Parts of the Atom Proton Found in the nucleus Number of protons defines the element Charge +1, mass 1 Parts of the Atom Neutron Found in the nucleus Stabilizes the nucleus
Radioactivity Review (Chapter 7)
Science 10 Radioactivity Review (Chapter 7) 1. The alpha decay of radon-222 will yield which of the following? a. bismuth-220 c. astatine-222 b. francium-222 d. polonium-218 2. Which of the following types
Ch05. Radiation. Energy and matter that comes from the nucleus of an atom. version 1.6
Ch05 Radiation Energy and matter that comes from the nucleus of an atom. version 1.6 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2016 Ch05 Radiation The Discovery of Radioactivity Phosphorescence Radioactive history Antoine
Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions PSI Chemistry
Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions PSI Chemistry Name: 1. What was the first particle discovered inside an atom? A. Proton C. Electron 2. What characteristic of cathode rays
Nuclear Chemistry. Decay Reactions The most common form of nuclear decay reactions are the following:
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear reactions are transmutation of the one element into another. We can describe nuclear reactions in a similar manner as regular chemical reactions using ideas of stoichiometry,
Element Project Anthony Schmidt Physical Science Pd: 4
Element Project Anthony Schmidt Physical Science Pd: 4 Has one valence electron. Forms a plus 1 cation. Atomic number of 1. Symbol is H. Although placed in group one it s not a metal. It has 1 valence
Regents review Nuclear Chemistry
2011-2012 1. Given the nuclear equation: 14 7N + X 16 8O + 2 1H What is particle X? A) an alpha particle B) a beta particle C) a deuteron D) a triton 2. The nucleus of a radium-226 atom is unstable, which
6. Atomic and Nuclear Physics
6. Atomic and Nuclear Physics Chapter 6.2 Radioactivity From IB OCC, prepared by J. Domingues based on Tsokos Physics book Warm Up Define: nucleon atomic number mass number isotope. Radioactivity In 1896,
The Decay of Radiochemistry
The Decay of Radiochemistry and The Decay of Don Wiles A short tour through the History of Radiochemistry Canadian Nuclear Society Ottawa, 19 March, 2009 Radium discovery and Development Artificial Radionuclides
Atomic Structure Summary
Atomic Structure Summary All atoms have: a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons around it Atomic nucleus consists of: positively charged protons and neutrons that have no electric
Radiochemistry in reactor
Radiochemistry in reactor Readings: Radiochemistry in Light Water Reactors, Chapter 3 Speciation in irradiated fuel Utilization of resulting isotopics Fission Product Chemistry Fuel confined in reactor
Chapter 17. Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 17 Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry The Discovery of Radioactivity (1896) Antoine-Henri Bequerel designed experiment to determine whether phophorescent minerals also gave off X-rays. Bequerel
An Introduction to Atoms
An Introduction to Atoms Matter (stuff) is made of atoms. John Dalton (1776-1884) Check your current model: Draw a carbon atom Model of the Atom Atoms are made of subatomic particles. There are three types
Nuclear Chemistry. In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions.
1 1 Nuclear Chemistry In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions. Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off radiation. Nuclear bombardment
Introduction to Nuclear Engineering. Ahmad Al Khatibeh
Introduction to Nuclear Engineering Ahmad Al Khatibeh CONTENTS INTRODUCTION (Revision) RADIOACTIVITY Radioactive Decay Rates Units of Measurement for Radioactivity Variation of Radioactivity Over Time.
Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3
Class: Date: Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. An atom
It s better to have a half-life than no life! Radioactive Decay Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay
It s better to have a half-life than no life! Radioactive Decay Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay What does it mean to be radioactive? Some atoms have nuclei that are unstable. These atoms spontaneously decompose
Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity. In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions.
1 Nuclear Chemistry In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions. Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off radiation. Nuclear bombardment
2 Grouping the Elements
CHAPTER 11 2 Grouping the Elements SECTION The Periodic Table BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: Why do elements in a group have similar properties?
RADIOACTIVITY. Nature of Radioactive Emissions
1 RADIOACTIVITY Radioactivity is the spontaneous emissions from the nucleus of certain atoms, of either alpha, beta or gamma radiation. These radiations are emitted when the nuclei of the radioactive substance
Chemistry 52 Chapter 11 ATOMIC STRUCTURE. The general designation for an atom is shown below:
ATOMIC STRUCTURE An atom is composed of a positive nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons in a nucleus are referred
UNIT 1 - MATTER AND CHEMICAL BONDING- PART 1
UNIT 1 - MATTER AND CHEMICAL BONDING- PART 1 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The particle that has the smallest mass is the
Chapter 2 Lecture Notes: Atoms
Educational Goals Chapter 2 Lecture Notes: Atoms 1. Describe the subatomic structure of an atom. 2. Define the terms element and atomic symbol. 3. Understand how elements are arranged in the periodic table
Review A Z. a particle. proton. neutron. electron e -1. positron. e +1. Mass Number Atomic Number. Element Symbol
Nuclear Chemistry 1 Review Atomic number (Z) = number of protons in nucleus Mass number (A) = number of protons + number of neutrons = atomic number (Z) + number of neutrons Mass Number Atomic Number A
1.1 ALPHA DECAY 1.2 BETA MINUS DECAY 1.3 GAMMA EMISSION 1.4 ELECTRON CAPTURE/BETA PLUS DECAY 1.5 NEUTRON EMISSION 1.6 SPONTANEOUS FISSION
Chapter NP-3 Nuclear Physics Decay Modes and Decay Rates TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 1.0 RADIOACTIVE DECAY 1.1 ALPHA DECAY 1.2 BETA MINUS DECAY 1.3 GAMMA EMISSION 1.4 ELECTRON CAPTURE/BETA
RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy
RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy ~ TRANSMUTATION: the change of one element into another due to
Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
chapter 20 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions section 1 The Nucleus What You ll Learn what particles make up an atom and its nucleus how the nucleus is held together what radioactivity is Before You Read
What do the nuclei of different molybdenum isotopes have in common?
Q1.(a) There are many isotopes of the element molybdenum (Mo). What do the nuclei of different molybdenum isotopes have in common? The isotope molybdenum-99 is produced inside some nuclear power stations
Sources of Radiation Exposure
Sources of Radiation Exposure Sources of Radiation Exposure to the US Population (from U.S. NRC, Glossary: Exposure. [updated 21 July 2003, cited 26 March 2004] http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/exposure.html
Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry. Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity
Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity Atoms An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has all of the properties of that element. Composition
Chapter IV: Radioactive decay
Chapter IV: Radioactive decay 1 Summary 1. Law of radioactive decay 2. Decay chain/radioactive filiation 3. Quantum description 4. Types of radioactive decay 2 History Radioactivity was discover in 1896
RADIOACTIVITY & RADIOACTIVE DECAY 00ICP306 Rev. 00 (DOE 1.06)
Course Title: Radiological Control Technician Module Title: Radioactivity & Radioactive Decay Module Number: 1.06 Objectives: 1.06.01 Identify how the neutron to proton ratio is related to nuclear stability.
Nuclear Study Packet. 1. What subatomic particles are involved in nuclear reactions? 2. What subatomic particles are involved in chemical reactions?
Name Period Nuclear Study Packet Set 1 1. What subatomic particles are involved in nuclear reactions? 2. What subatomic particles are involved in chemical reactions? 3. If an atom undergoes a reaction
Notes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry
Notes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry NUCLEAR REACTIONS: NUCLEAR FISSION: NUCLEAR FUSION: NUCLIDES: -most nuclides have even # of protons and neutrons the neutron-to-proton ratio determines the stability of
The Reference Atomic Weight
How to Calculate Molecular Weights of Compounds The Molecular Weight (also referred to as the Formula Weight) of a chemical compound is calculated by adding the atomic masses (weights) of the atoms (elements)
RADIOACTIVITY AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY RCT STUDY GUIDE Identify how the neutron to proton ratio is related to nuclear stability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1.06.01 Identify how the neutron to proton ratio is related to nuclear stability. 1.06.02 Identify the definition for the following terms: a. radioactivity b. radioactive decay 1.06.03
Fundamentals of Mathematics (MATH 1510)
Fundamentals of Mathematics () Instructor: Email: shenlili@yorku.ca Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University February 3-5, 2016 Outline 1 growth (doubling time) Suppose a single bacterium
Key Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms?
Name Chemistry Essential question: How were the parts of the atom determined? Key Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms? Vocabulary: alpha particle fusion
RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy
RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy ~ TRANSMUTATION: the change of one element into another due to
CHEMISTRY - MCQUARRIE 4E CH.27 - NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: NUCLEAR REACTIONS Nuclear Reactions deal with chemical processes in nuclei atoms. Unlike normal chemical reactions where the identity of the elements stay the same, nuclear
RADIOACTIVITY & HALF-LIFE Part 2
RADIOACTIVITY & HALF-LIFE Part 2 Radioactivity Radioactivity: Results from radioactive decay, which is the process whereby unstable atomic nuclei transform and emit radiation. Has existed longer than the
The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay. Major Constituents of an Atom 4/28/2016. Student Learning Outcomes. Analyze radioactive decay and its results
The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay ( Chapter 10) Student Learning Outcomes Analyze radioactive decay and its results Differentiate between nuclear fission and fusion Major Constituents of an Atom U=unified
The atomic theory explains
The atomic theory explains radioactivity. Radioactive the photograph elements shown release here, energy radioactive as a result iron-59 of changes is used to in make their nuclei. an image In of the circulatory