NSF CENTER PROGRESS REPORT Mool C. Gupta Langley Distinguished Professor University of Virginia

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1 NSF CENTER PROGRESS REPORT Mool C. Gupta Langley Distinguished Professor University of Virginia NSF CENTER BOARD MEETING May 3-4, 2007 Ann Arbor, Michigan

2 MULTI- UNIVERSITY CENTER UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN-ANN ARBOR SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIVERSITY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

3 Participation of University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign Dr. David N. Ruzic, Director, Center for Plasma-Material Interactions; Professor of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

4 Industrial Advisory Board Members Spectra Physics NASA Langley Research Center Philip Morris Framatome ANP NAVAIR GE Global Research GE Aviation General Motors R&D Toyota USA Lockheed Martin Halliburton IMRA Nuvonyx

5 NEWS Dr. Rajesh Patel, Manager Laser Processing Applications Lab. (New Board Member from Spectra Physics) Mr. Phillip Amaya; VP of Marketing & Sales; Picarro Inc Dr. Bruce Craig, Consultant to University of Virginia Center

6 Currently Funded Research Programs Laser Applications NSF I/UCRC Laser Center (NSF & Industry) Laser crystallization/texturing of Si for solar cells(nsf) Laser multi-energy processing (NSF) Welding of Ti tubing s (NAVAIR) Laser micromachining of Ti and fatigue life (NAVAIR) Laser Processing of ultra high melting materials (AFOSR) Finite element modeling of fatigue life (Navair) Nanotechnology Carbon nanotubes based nanocomposites for EM shielding and sensing applications (NASA) Negative Index materials for sensing Carbon nanotubes for organic solar cells Carbon Nanotubes based X-ray Source (NASA) (NSF) (NASA)

7 NSF Center Members Research Projects Laser Micromachining along Grain Boundaries Laser Micromachining and Cleaning of Ti Alloy (AREVA) (NAVAIR) Laser Processing Applications for NASA (NASA) SP-Tornado based Laser Micromachining Nanocatalysts Ultrafast Laser Texturing (Spectra Physics) (Philip Morris) (NSF)

8 Research Results Highlight

9 Laser Cleaning and Welding 1/2 3/8 1/4

10 Confocal Microscope & SEM Image Depth: 2.3 micron (single scan)

11 Laser Textured Silicon Chip Applied Physics A, 80 (5): February Superhydrophobic Surface 20 μm Nano pores

12 Textured Surfaces for Bio-Implants

13 Solar Energy Applications High Sensitive Photodetector, IR Sensors Thermal Management Display, Field Emission of electrons Pattern Transfer Drug Delivery Biochemical Sensor Materials Characterization (Surface Enhanced Raman) Large Surface Area for Catalysis

14 Preparation of Oxidation-Resistant Ultra High Melting Temperature Materials and Structures Using Laser Method (Supported by: AFOSR) Objective To improve thermal resistance & thermal management, and develop advanced thermal protection system concepts for hypersonics and other Air Force applications. Experimental Setup Mirror Nd:YAG Laser Lens Argon gas environment Stage y x

15 Preparation of Oxidation-Resistant Ultra High Melting Temperature Materials and Structures Using Laser Method Results Top View (a) Low Magnification (b) High Magnification Side View (a) Low Magnification (b) High Magnification

16 Resistance Reduction of SiC 1064 nm Sample Before laser processing After laser processing Ω SiC Sample A Sample B 5.5 MΩ 5.4 M Ω 360Ω 300Ω

17 Microwave Nondestructive Evaluation of Dielectric Materials with Metamaterial Lens A novel microwave Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) sensor was developed in an attempt to increase a sensitivity of the microwave NDE method towards smaller defects for the same wavelength in use. The sensor was designed on the basis of a negative index material (NIM) lens. SRR wire 9mm

18 Efficient Organic Solar Cells Based on Carbon Nanotubes Top View ITO Al Cross-Section Light Al (150 nm) P3OT+C 60 Blend(110 nm) PEDT/PSS (50 nm) ITO Glass Anti-reflection To study the device performance using semiconducting polymer (such as poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT)) and fullerene (such as C60) blend and improvements by introducing carbon nanotubes

19 Nondestructive Testing of Composite Materials using Laser Induced Stress Waves This project uses laser shock peening to generate stress waves in composites in order to identify defects in the material.

20 Lightweight Conductive Nanocomposites SEM Image 1 wt% gold + 5 wt% carbon nanotube-polymer nanocomposite

21 Laser-Treated CNT-PS Nanocomposites Spectra Physics Tornado Laser

22 Laser-treated CNT-PS Nanocomposites JK Laser

23 PUBLICATIONS Y. Yang, Mool C. Gupta, Kenneth L. Dudley and Roland W. Lawrence. Electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics of carbon nanofiber-polymer composites, J. Nanosci. Nanotech., 2007, 7, 54 Barada K Nayak, Mool Gupta and Kurt W Kolasinski. Spontaneous formation of nanospiked microstructures in germanium by femtosecond laser irradiation 2007 Nanotechnology 2007, 18, Yonglai Yang, Mool C. Gupta, Kenneth L. Dudley and Roland W. Lawrence. Novel carbon nanotube-polystyrene foam composites for electromagnetic interference shielding, Nano. Lett., 2005, 5, Yonglai Yang, Mool C. Gupta, Kenneth L. Dudley and Roland W. Lawrence. Conductive carbon nanofiber-polymer foam structures, Adv. Mater., 2005, 17, Yonglai Yang, Mool C. Gupta, Kenneth L. Dudley and Roland W. Lawrence. A comparative study of EMI shielding properties of carbon nanofiber and multi-walled carbon nanotube filled polymer composites, J. Nanosci. Nanotech., 2005, 5, 927. Yonglai Yang, Mool C. Gupta, Kenneth L. Dudley and Roland W. Lawrence. Electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding of multi-walled carbon nanotube filled polymer composites, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 2005, 858E, HH5.3. Teh-Hwa WongM. C. Gupta, and Carlos Hernandes-Garcia. Nanosecond laser pulse-induced electron emission from multi-wall Carbon nanotube film,nanotech. 2007,18,135705

24 PUBLICATIONS B. Li and M.C. Gupta, Crack growth life of Ti 3Al 2.5V tubes under internal impulse pressure Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume 431, Issues 1-2, 15 September 2006, Pages Mohamed Elbandrawy a and Mool C. Gupta, Optical Characteristics of Femtosecond Laser Micromachined Periodic Structures in Si <100>, Applied Optics, 2006, 45, 7137 B. K. Nayak, M. C. Gupta and K. Kolosinski, Laser texturing. American Society of Microscopy conference, 2006 Yonglai Yang, Mool C. Gupta, Kenneth L. Dudley and Roland W. Lawrence. The fabrication and electrical properties of carbon nanofibre polystyrene composites, Nanotechnology, 2004, 15, Mikhail Khoudiakov, Mool C. Gupta and Sarojini Deevi, Au/Fe2O3 nanocatalysts for CO oxidation: A comparative study of deposition precipitation and coprecipitation techniques Applied Catalysis A, 291, 151 (2005) A. A. Bugayev, M. C. Gupta and R. Payne, Laser processing of Inconel 600 and surface structure journal of Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 44,102,2006 A. A. Bugayev,M. C. Gupta & M. El-Bandrawy, Dynamics of laser hole drilling with nanosecond periodically pulsed laser J. of Optics and Lasers in Engineering ( 05)

25 Invention Disclosures M. C. Gupta, Y. Yang, K. Dudley and R. W. Lawrence, Modeling of electromagnetic shielding properties of polymeric materials containing conducting nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes :, U.S. Patent Application Filed Dec M. C. Gupta and B. K. Nayak, Laser texturing U.S. Patent Application Filed (Dec. 2006)

26 Multi-Center Collaboration Weekly conference call of center directors Submission of Joint IGERT full proposal-led by Prof. Kovacevic NSF ERC White Paper led by Prof. Mazumder Visit to NSF by all Center Directors

27 New Member Opportunities SAIC- Virginia Micron technology- Virginia Lockheed Martin-Virginia BP Solar?

28 CONCLUSIONS Multi-university center is growing & progressing well with good collaboration New Projects are being defined for Philip Morris and AREVA Group Exploring opportunities with SAIC, Micron Technology, Lockheed Martin-Virginia & BP Solar Pursuing joint multi-industry collaboration and funding opportunity

29 Other Activities One Ph.D. student graduating in May 2007 One M. S. Student Graduating in May, 2007 Teaching of course on Photonics, MEMS, Nano photonics and new course development on NanCarbon Materials

30 FUTURE PLANS Working on securing additional joint funding to supplement NSF reduced funding for next five years Submission of joint proposals Get Board members more engaged Develop multi-industry projects & funding opportunities All member projects are on track

31 Group Members Graduate Students & Undergraduates 1.B. Nayak (Photovoltaic and Laser texturing/crystallization) -NSF 2.V. Rao (Organic photovoltaic) -NSF 3.D. Schrieber (Advanced sensor based on -ve index materials)-nasa 4.C. Sun (Laser processing of ultra high melting materials)-afosr 5.T. Baldridge (Multi-energy processing)-nsf 6. J. Chan (Laser generated acoustic wave based sensor)-navy 7. D. Lin (MEMS based robotic sensor)-nasa Undergraduates: E. Bradburry, David, Postdoctoral Fellows & Research Staff Dr. T. Wong(Laser processing and electron emission)-nasa, NAVY Dr. Y. Lin (Laser processing)- NAVY Dr. K. Ni ( Finite element modeling)-navy Dr. Y. Yang(Carbon nanotubes for nanocomposites & sensor)-nasa Laboratory Technicians and Administrative Staff Mr. Gary McCardell Mr. Todd Hodges Ms. Shelly Crowe

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33 THANKS to BOARD MEMEBRS & NSF FOR THEIR CONTINUED SUPPORT