The smallest pieces of our universe. Sourabh Dube
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1 The smallest pieces of our universe Sourabh Dube 25th September, 2016
2 Science = Regular person asks WHY? Answer: blah blah blah RP: oh great! 2
3 Science = Regular person asks WHY? Answer: blah blah blah RP: oh great! Science lover : WHY? Answer: blah blah blah SL: oh great! And HOW? 3
4 What are the smallest pieces? Take a piece of chalk. Break it in pieces. Take smallest piece. 4
5 What are the smallest pieces? Take a piece of chalk. Gypsum. Break it in pieces. Take smallest piece. Image by Smokefoot - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, 5
6 Molecules make up everything (?) Water DNA 6
7 What are the smallest pieces? Take a piece of chalk. Gypsum. Calcium Sulphur Oxygen Hydrogen Break it in pieces. Take smallest piece. Image by Smokefoot - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, 7
8 Molecules broken into atoms Water DNA C H O N P Oxygen 8
9 Indistinguishability of atoms Each atom of oxygen is exactly identical to every other atom of oxygen. Thus one water molecule is exactly the same as any other water molecule. 9
10 Too small to see... But what if object is smaller than wavelength of light? 10
11 Too small to see... Objects larger than wavelength can be seen 11
12 Too small to see... Objects smaller than wavelength need to be seen 12
13 Too small to see... 13
14 Too small to see... What if the wall is invisible? 14
15 Too small to see... 15
16 Too small to see... 16
17 Rutherford's gold foil experiment α-particles shot at gold foil 17
18 Rutherford's gold foil experiment Some -Particles have large deflection Most -Particles go through with small deflection 18
19 Structure of atoms 19
20 Structure of atoms 20
21 Structure of atoms Orbiting electrons Nucleus 21
22 Structure of atoms Orbiting electrons Nucleus Atoms are mostly empty. If a nucleus were as big as a person, then closest electron is roughly 100 kms away. 22
23 Next step? Nucleus 23
24 Need for 'high' energy A nucleus is very small. To be able to 'look' inside it, we need a small object of high energy. Let me explain with an example. 24
25 Inside a dark cave 25
26 Inside a dark cave 26
27 Inside a dark cave 27
28 Inside a dark cave 28
29 Size and Energy Size we can look at, is inversely proportional to momentum If Length Then Energy 29
30 So what's in a nucleus? Protons Neutrons 30
31 So what's in a nucleus? Protons Neutrons Deep Inelastic Scattering experiments with electrons 31
32 So what's in a proton/neutron? Protons Neutrons QUARKS Up quark Down quark Proton = uud Neutron = udd 32
33 The smallest pieces of our universe Electron Up quark Down quark 33
34 The smallest pieces of our universe Electron Ahem! Up quark Down quark 34
35 The smallest pieces of our universe Electron Up quark Neutrino Down quark 35
36 Periodic Table of Elements 36
37 Standard Model of Particle Physics Periodic Table of Particles 37
38 SM explained... Minimum players needed to play the game 38
39 SM explained... Minimum players needed to play the game (Matter) Languages spoken by the players (interactions between matter) 39
40 SM explained... More players (Matter) Languages spoken by the players (interactions between matter) 40
41 Standard Model of Particle Physics Particles Particles speak speak these these 'languages' 'languages' Electromagnetic Electromagnetic interaction interaction Strong interaction Strong interaction Weak Weak interaction interaction 'Higgs' interaction 'Higgs' interaction 41
42 Standard Model of Particle Physics Keep Keepatoms atomstogether, together, basis basisofofchemistry, chemistry, biology biology Particles Particles speak speak these these 'languages' 'languages' Electromagnetic Electromagnetic interaction interaction Strong interaction Strong interaction Weak Weak interaction interaction 'Higgs' interaction 'Higgs' interaction 42
43 Standard Model of Particle Physics Keep Keepnucleus nucleus together together(protons, (protons, neutrons) neutrons) Particles Particles speak speak these these 'languages' 'languages' Electromagnetic Electromagnetic interaction interaction Strong interaction Strong interaction Weak Weak interaction interaction 'Higgs' interaction 'Higgs' interaction 43
44 Standard Model of Particle Physics Particles Particles speak speak these these 'languages' 'languages' Make Makeradioactivity, radioactivity, make makethe thesun Sunglow! glow! Electromagnetic Electromagnetic interaction interaction Strong interaction Strong interaction Weak Weak interaction interaction 'Higgs' interaction 'Higgs' interaction 44
45 Standard Model of Particle Physics Particles Particles speak speak these these 'languages' 'languages' Electromagnetic Electromagnetic interaction interaction Strong interaction Strong interaction Give Givemass masstoto fundamental fundamentalparticles! particles! Weak Weak interaction interaction 'Higgs' interaction 'Higgs' interaction 45
46 LHC: Large hadron collider 46
47 CMS detector 47
48 CMS is a giant camera 48
49 Reconstruction Object Detector Data collected Data analyzed 49
50 Reconstruction Cat! Object Detector Data collected Data analyzed 50
51 Nature of research The Edge of Human Knowledge A non-researcher's view... 51
52 Nature of research The Edges of Human Knowledge A researcher's view... 52
53 Why I like science? Objective Proof (does not depend on specific person) Cause and effect (reproducible) Why? And How? 53
54 IISER Pune CMS group...along with summer students 54
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