The ATOM. By Ms Toal
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1 The ATOM By Ms Toal
2 How small is an atom? Remember the metric staircase from the beginning of the year? Millimeter is.001 M and it is three steps to the right from the base unit. Basically Chemistry goes DOWN the metric staircase (very small) Well the size of an atom can vary but its approximately M a nanometer. An atom is a million times smaller than the thickest human hair
3 How big and small can the metric staircase go?
4 There are 4 forces: What holds an atom together? 1. The strong force 2. The electromagnetic force 3. The weak force 4. gravity
5 How do we know what an atom looks like? Many scientists wondered what is matter made of: John Dalton JJ Thompson Ernest Rutherford Bohr (most common atomic model)
6 What is an ATOM? ATOM = smallest particle of an element What is an element? What is an example of an element? ELEMENT a PURE substance in which all the atoms are alike and cannot be broken down into any other substances Examples of an ELEMENT = aluminum, gold, silver, neon, helium
7 Only think about this Aluminum foil is made up of one element, but there are billions of aluminum atoms that make up even a small piece of aluminum.
8 Structure of an atom
9 What is an atom made of? The atom is made up of even smaller particles called SUBATOMIC particles Sub = under or below (so it s a lower level, smaller than the atom) The subatomic particles are : Proton ( + charge) Neutron (neutral) Electron (- charge) It is time to start watching Jimmy Neutron!
10 Why doesn t an atom have a charge? The atom is made up of positive protons and negative electrons. If there are the same of positively charged protons (+) and the same number of negatively charged electrons (-), the charges cancel each other out and the overall charge of the atom is neutral. Neutral means no charge. Example: 10 (p+) + 10 (e-) = neutral charge
11 What is the: NUCLEUS center of the atom; it contains protons and neutrons. PROTON NEUTRON ELECTRON a small, positively charged particle in the nucleus. (p+) small, neutral particle in the nucleus (n) very small, negatively charged particle, located outside of the nucleus. (e-)
12 The electron A Valence Electron The electron is 2000 times smaller than the proton! It always has a negative charge!!! VALENCE ELECTRON the electrons that are farthest away from the nucleus of the atom. These electrons are involved in chemical reactions.
13 How many electrons does an atom have? Electron = e- There are the same number of electrons as there are protons. Sometimes electrons like to transfer but we ll worry about that later ELECTRON SHELL RULES: 1 st shell: holds maximum 2 e- 2 nd shell: 8 e- 3 rd shell: 8 e- 4 th shell: 18 e-
14 Comparison The Atom The atom has a center, the nucleus. Electrons zoom or orbit around the nucleus. The atom can have large number of electrons orbiting its nucleus. 99% of atom s mass comes from its nucleus the proton and the neutron. The Solar System Solar system nucleus is the sun. The moon orbits the earth and the planets orbit the sun. Just like the sun can have many planets/asteroids orbitting the sun. 99% of the mass of the solar system comes from the sun.
15 Is there anything smaller than a proton or neutron or Yes! If you could cut the protons and neutrons in half, then you would see that each proton and each neutron contain even smaller particles called GLUONS and QUARKS electron?
16 Atom nucleus proton/neutron 2 blue quarks and 1 green gluon
17 THE END
18 Break time But first a few quick links nceopticsu/powersof10/index.html
19 juy -wfe
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