1. What is the minimum energy required to excite a mercury atom initially in the ground state? ev ev ev

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Reginald Townsend
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1 Page 1 of 10 modern bank Name 25-MAY What is the minimum energy required to excite a mercury atom initially in the ground state? ev ev ev ev 2. The diagram represents the hyperbolic path of an alpha particle as it passes very near the nucleus of a gold atom. The shape of the path is caused by the force between the 1. positively charged alpha particle and the neutral nucleus 2. positively charged alpha particle and the positively charged nucleus 3. negatively charged alpha particle and the neutral nucleus 4. negatively charged alpha particle and the positively charged nucleus 3. Alpha particles were directed at a thin metal foil. Some particles were deflected into hyperbolic paths due to 1. gravitational attraction 3. electrostatic attraction 2. electrostatic repulsion 4. magnetic repulsion 4. The electron in a hydrogen atom drops from energy level n = 2 to energy level n = 1 by emitting a photon having an energy of approximately X J X J X J X J 5. Alpha particles fired at thin metal foil are scattered in hyperbolic paths due to the 1. attraction between the electrons and alpha particles 2. magnetic repulsion between the electrons and alpha particles 3. gravitational attraction between the nuclei and alpha particles 4. repulsive forces between the nuclei and alpha particles 6. After Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha particles, he concluded that the volume of an atom is mostly empty space. Which observation led Rutherford to this conclusion? 1. Some of the alpha particles were deflected 180 degrees 2. The paths of deflected alpha particles were hyperbolic 3. Many alpha particles were absorbed by gold nuclei 4. Most of the alpha particles were not reflected

2 Page 2 of What is the minimun amount of energy needed to ionize a mercury electron in the c energy level? ev ev ev ev 8. Which observationn was made by Rutherford when he bombarded gold foil with alpha particles? 1. Alpa particles were deflected toward a positive electrode 2. Some alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil 3. Most alpha particles were scattered 180 degrees by the gold foil 4. Gold foil had no effect on the path of alpha particles. 9. Which electron transition in the hydrogen atom results in the emmision of a photon of greatest energy? 1. n=2 to n=1 3. n=4 to n=2 2. n=3 to n=2 4. n=5 to n=3 10. What is the minimum energy required to ionize a hydrogen atom in the n = 3 state? ev ev ev ev 11. In Rutherford's model of the atom, the positive charge 1. is distributed throughout the atom's volume 2. revolves about the nucleus in specific orbits 3. is concentrated at the center of the atom 4. occupies most of the space in the atom 12. Which diagram shows a possible path of an alpha particle as it passes very near the nucleus of a gold atom?

Page 3 of 10 1. 1 3. 3 2. 2 4. 4 13. A hydrogen atom could have an electron energy level transition from n = 2 to n = 3 by absorbing a photon having an energy of 1. 1.51 ev 3. 4.91 ev 2. 1.89 ev 4.

3 Page 3 of A hydrogen atom could have an electron energy level transition from n = 2 to n = 3 by absorbing a photon having an energy of ev ev ev ev 14. In an experiment, Ernest Rutherford observed that some of the alpha particles directed at a thin gold foil were scattered at large angles. This scattering occurred because the 1. negatively charged alpha particles were attracted to the gold's positive atomic nuclei 2. negatively charged alpha particles were repelled by the gold's negative atomic nuclei 3. positively charged alpha particles were attracted to the gold's negative atomic nuclei 4. positively charged alpha particles were repelled by the gold's positive atomic nuclei 15. Rutherford performed "scattering" experiments by bombarding thin gold foil with alpha particles. Which conclusion is supported by the results of his experiments? 1. Most of an atom's mass occupies a very small portion of its volume. 2. The emission of light by electrons must be quantized. 3. Alpha particles are deflected into parabolic paths. 4. Electrons circling the nucleus of an atom cannot emit energy. 16. What is the energy of a quantum of light having a frequency of hertz? X J X 10 8 J X J X 10-7 J

4 Page 4 of In which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does a photon have the greatest energy? 1. red 3. violet 2. infrared 4. ultraviolet 18. The momentum of a photon is inversely proportional to the photon's 1. frequency 3. weight 2. mass 4. wavelength 19. An x-ray photon collides with an electron in an atom, ejecting the electron and emitting another photon. During the collision, there is conservation of 1. momentum, only 3. both momentum and energy 2. energy, only 4. neither momentum nor energy 20. What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5.0 X hertz? ev X J X 10-6 ev X J 21. Which graph best represents the relationship between the frequency of a light source causing photoemission and the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons produced? When a source of dim orange light shines on a photosensitive metal, no photoelectrons are ejected from its surface. What could be done to increase the likelihood of producing

5 Page 5 of 10 photoelectrons? 1. Replace the orange light source with red light source. 2. Replace the orange light source with a higher frequency light source. 3. Increase the brightness of the orange light source. 4. Increase the angle at which the photons of orange light strike the metal. 23. During a collision between a photon and an electron, there is conservation of 1. energy, only 3. both energy and momentum 2. momentum, only 4. neither energy nor momentum 24. When yellow light shines on a photosensitive metal, photoelectrons are emitted. As the intensity of the light is decreased, the number of photoelectrons emitted per second 1. decreases 3. remains the same 2. increases 25. Experiments performed with light indicate that light exhibits 1. particle properties, only 3. both particle and wave properties 2. wave properties, only 4. neither particle nor wave properties 26. A metal surface emits photoelectrons when illuminated by green light. This surface must also emit photoelectrons when illuminated by 1. blue light 3. orange light 2. yellow light 4. red light 27. Which phenomenon is most easily explained by the particle theory of light? 1. photoelectric effect 3. polarization 2. constructive interference 4. diffraction 28. An electron in a hydrogen atom drops from the n = 3 energy level to the n = 2 energy level. The energy of the emitted photon is ev ev ev ev 29. What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5.00 X hertz?

6 Page 6 of What is the smallest electric charge that can be put on an object? X C X 10 9 C X C X C 31. Which characteristic of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to the energy of a photon? 1. wavelength 3. frequency 2. period 4. path 32. What is the minimum energy needed to ionize a hydrogen atom in the n = 2 energy state? ev ev ev ev 33. White light is passed through a cloud of cool hydrogen gas and then examined with a spectroscope. The dark lines observed on a bright background are caused by 1. the hydrogen emitting all frequencies in white light 2. the hydrogen absorbing certain frequencies of the white light 3. diffraction of the white light 4. constructive interference 34. Compared to a photon of red light, a photon of blue light has a 1. greater energy 3. smaller momentum 2. longer wavelength 4. lower frequency 35. Protons and neutrons are examples of 1. positrons 3. mesons 2. baryons 4. quarks 36. The strong force is the force of 1. repulsion between protons 3. repulsion between nucleons 2. attraction between protons and electrons 4. attraction between nucleons 37. If a deuterium nucleus has a mass of 1.53 X 10-3 universal mass units less than its components, this mass represents an energy of MeV MeV MeV MeV

Page 7 of 10 38. The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its 1. wavelength 3. frequency 2. speed 4. phase 39. The energy equivalent of the rest mass of an electron is approximately 1. 5.

7 Page 7 of The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its 1. wavelength 3. frequency 2. speed 4. phase 39. The energy equivalent of the rest mass of an electron is approximately x 10 5 J x J x J x J 40. Base your answer on the data table below. The data table lists the energy and corresponding frequency of five photons. In which part of the electromagnetic spectrum would photon D be found? 1. infrared 3. ultraviolet 2. visible 4. x ray 41. Base your answer on the data table below. The data table lists the energy and corresponding frequency of five photons. The graph (see image) represents the relationship between the energy and the frequency of photons. The slope of the graph would be

8 Page 8 of Which combination of quarks could produce a neutral baryon? 1. cdt 3. cdb 2. cts 4. cdu 43. After electrons in hydrogen atoms are excited to the n = 3 energy state, how many different frequencies of radiation can be emitted as the electrons return to the ground state? What type of nuclear force holds the protons and neutrons in an atom together? 1. a strong force that acts over a short range 3. a weak force that acts over a short range 2. a strong force that acts over a long range 4. a weak force that acts over a long range 45. Which combination of quarks would produce a neutral baryon? 46. In the cartoon, Einstein is contemplating the equation for the principle that

Page 9 of 10 1. the fundamental source of all energy is the conversion of mass into energy 2. energy is emitted or absorbed in discrete packets called photons 3.

Two electrically neutral metal spheres, A and B, on insulating stands are placed in contact with each other.

9 Page 9 of the fundamental source of all energy is the conversion of mass into energy 2. energy is emitted or absorbed in discrete packets called photons 3. mass always travels at the speed of light in a vacuum 4. the energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency 47. Two electrically neutral metal spheres, A and B, on insulating stands are placed in contact with each other. A negatively charged rod is brought near, but does not touch the spheres, as shown in the accompanying diagram. How are the spheres now charged? 1. A is positive and B is positive. 3. A is negative and B is positive. 2. A is positive and B is negative. 4. A is negative and B is negative. 48. A baryon may have a charge of

which show a photon and an electron before and

10 Page 10 of What is the energy equivalent of a mass of kilogram? 50. Base your answer on the accompanying diagrams, which show a photon and an electron before and after their collision. Compared to the total momentum of the photon-electron system before the collision, the total momentum of the photon-electron system after the collision is 1. less 3. the same 2. greater

Modern Physics, Waves, Electricity

Modern Physics, Waves, Electricity Name: Date: 1. Metal sphere has a charge of +12 elementary charges and identical sphere has a charge of +16 elementary charges. fter the two spheres are brought into contact, the charge on sphere is 4.