Thermodynamic Data at 298 K

Transcription

1 236 CHEMISTRY Thermodynamic Data at 298 K Appendix VI INORGANIC SUBSTANCES Aluminium Al(s) Al 3+ (aq) Al 2 O 3 (s) Al(OH) 3 (s) 1276 AlCl 3 (s) Antimony SbH 3 (g) SbCl 3 (g) SbCl 5 (g) Arsenic As(s), gray As 2 S 3 (s) AsO 3 4 (aq) Barium Ba(s) Ba 2+ (aq) BaO(s) BaCO 3 (s) BaCO 3 (aq) Boron B(s) B 2 O 3 (s) BF 3 (g) Bromine Br 2 (l) Br 2 (g) Br(g) Br (aq) HBr(g) BrF 3 (g) Calcium Ca(s) Ca(g) Ca 2+ (aq) C:\ChemistryXI\Appendic\Appenxix.pmd

2 APPENDIX 237 Calcium CaO(s) Ca(OH) 2 (s) Ca(OH) 2 (aq) CaCO 3 (s), calcite CaCO 3 (s), aragonite CaCO 3 (aq) CaF 2 (s) CaF 2 (aq) CaCl 2 (s) CaCl 2 (aq) CaBr 2 (s) CaC 2 (s) CaS(s) CaSO 4 (s) CaSO 4 (aq) Carbon** C(s), graphite C(s), diamond C(g) CO(g) CO 2 (g) CO 2 3 (aq) CCl 4 (l) CS 2 (l) HCN(g) HCN(l) Cerium Ce(s) Ce 3+ (aq) Ce 4+ (aq) Chlorine Cl 2 (g) Cl(g) Cl (aq) HCl(g) HCl(aq) Copper Cu(s) Cu + (aq) Cu 2+ (aq) Cu 2 O(aq) CuO(s) CuSO 4 (s) CuSO 4.5H 2 O(s) ** For organic compounds, a separate table is provided in continuation. 237 C:\ChemistryXI\Appendic\Appenxix.pmd

3 238 CHEMISTRY Deuterium D 2 (g) D 2 O(g) D 2 O(l) Fluorine F 2 (g) F (aq) HF(g) HF(aq) Hydrogen (see also Deuterium) H 2 (g) H(g) H + (aq) H 2 O(l) H 2 O(g) H 2 O 2 (l) H 2 O 2 (aq) Iodine I 2 (s) I 2 (g) I (aq) HI(g) Iron Fe(s) Fe 2+ (aq) Fe 3+ (aq) Fe 3 O 4 (s), magnetite Fe 2 O 3 (s), haematite FeS(s,α) FeS(aq) 6.9 FeS 2 (s) Lead Pb(s) Pb 2+ (aq) PbO 2 (s) PbSO 4 (s) PbBr 2 (s) PbBr 2 (aq) Magnesium Mg(s) Mg(g) Mg 2+ (aq) MgO(s) MgCO 3 (s) MgBr 2 (s) C:\ChemistryXI\Appendic\Appenxix.pmd

4 APPENDIX 239 Mercury Hg(1) Hg(g) HgO(s) Hg 2 Cl 2 (s) Nitrogen N 2 (g) NO(g) N 2 O(g) NO 2 (g) N 2 O 4 (g) HNO 3 (1) HNO 3 (aq) NO 3 (aq) NH 3 (g) NH 3 (aq) NH + 4 (aq) NH 2 OH(s) HN 3 (g) N 2 H 4 (1) NH 4 NO 3 (s) NH 4 Cl(s) NH 4 ClO 4 (s) Oxygen O 2 (g) O 3 (g) OH (aq) Phosphorus P(s), white P 4 (g) PH 3 (g) P 4 O 10 (s) H 3 PO 3 (aq) H 3 PO 4 (1) H 3 PO 4 (aq) PCl 3 (1) PCl 3 (g) PCl 5 (g) Potassium K(s) K(g) K + (aq) KOH(s) KOH(aq) KF(s) C:\ChemistryXI\Appendic\Appenxix.pmd

5 240 CHEMISTRY Potassium KCl(s) KBr(s) KI(s) KClO 3 (s) KClO 4 (s) K 2 S(s) K 2 S(aq) Silicon Si(s) SiO 2 (s,α) Silver Ag(s) Ag + (aq) Ag 2 O(s) AgBr(s) AgBr(aq) AgCl(s) AgCl(aq) AgI(s) AgI(aq) AgNO 3 (s) Sodium Na(s) Na(g) Na + (aq) NaOH(s) NaOH(aq) NaCl(s) NaCl(aq) NaBr(s) NaI(s) NaHCO 3 (s) Na 2 CO 3 (s) Sulphur S(s), rhombic S(s), monoclinic S 2 (aq) SO 2 (g) SO 3 (g) H 2 SO 4 (l) H 2 SO 4 (aq) SO 2 4 (aq) H 2 S(g) H 2 S(aq) SF 6 (g) C:\ChemistryXI\Appendic\Appenxix.pmd

6 APPENDIX 241 Tin Sn(s), white Sn(s), gray SnO(s) SnO 2 (s) Zinc Zn(s) Zn 2+ (aq) ZnO(s) Zn(g) *The entropies of individual ions in solution are determined by setting the entropy of H + in water equal to 0 and then defining the entropies of all other ions relative to this value; hence a negative entropy is one that is lower than the entropy of H + in water. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Substance Enthalpy of Enthalpy of Gibbs Energy of combustion, formation, formation, Entropy, Δ c H J / (kj mol 1 ) Hydrocarbons CH 4 (g), methane C 2 H 2 (g), ethyne (acetylene) C 2 H 4 (g), ethene(ethylene) C 2 H 6 (g), ethane C 3 H 6 (g), propene (propylene) C 3 H 6 (g), cyclopropane C 3 H 8 (g), propane C 4 H 10 (g), butane C 5 H 12 (g), pentane C 6 H 6 (l), benzene C 6 H 6 (g) 3302 C 7 H 8 (l), toluene C 7 H 8 (g) 3953 C 6 H 12 (l), cyclohexane C 6 H 12 (g), 3953 C 8 H 18 (l), octane Alcohols and phenols CH 3 OH(l), methanol CH 3 OH(g) C 2 H 5 OH(l), ethanol C 2 H 5 OH(g) C 6 H 5 OH(s), phenol C:\ChemistryXI\Appendic\Appenxix.pmd

7 242 CHEMISTRY Substance Enthalpy of Enthalpy of Gibbs Energy of combustion, formation, formation, Entropy, Δ c H J / (kj mol 1 ) Carboxylic acid HCOOH(l), formic acid CH 3 COOH(l), acetic acid CH 3 COOH (aq) (COOH) 2 (s), oxalic acid C 6 H 5 COOH(s), benzoic acid Aldehydes and ketones HCHO(g), methanal (formaldehyde) CH 3 CHO(l), ethanal (acetaldehyde) CH 3 CHO(g) CH 3 COCH 3 (l), propanone (acetone) Sugars C 6 H 12 O 6 (s), glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 (aq) 917 C 6 H 12 O 6 (s), fructose C 12 H 22 O 11 (s), sucrose Nitrogen compounds CO(NH 2 ) 2 (s), urea C 6 H 5 NH 2 (l), aniline NH 2 CH 2 COOH(s), glycine CH 3 NH 2 (g), methylamine C:\ChemistryXI\Appendic\Appenxix.pmd