Magneto-optics and Magneto-plasmonics
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1 Magneto-optics and Magneto-plasmonics César de Julián Fernández IMEM-CNR Parma Multifunctional Magnetic Materials Advanced magnetic materials and devices for biomedical applications Italian School of Magnetism Turin, May 2018
2 Magneto-optics Magneto-plasmonics
3 Schedule 1. Magneto-optics a General phenomenology and materials b Applications of plasmonics in bio 2. Plasmonics a General phenomenology and materials b Applications of plasmonics in bio 3. Magnetoplasmonics a Plasmonics and magnetism? b Magnetoplasmonics materials and phenomena c Applications in bio 3
4 A (brief) Introduction to Magneto-optics The first MOKE measurement J. Kerr Philos. Mag 5 (1878) 161 4
5 Modification of the light in interaction with a magnetized material Magneto-chirality Magnonics Magneto-plasmonics Photomagnetism Modified from Oppeneer s lecture 5
6 Change of the polarization of the light after going through a magnetized material 6
7 Faraday Effect MO effect for optical transmission Magnetic rotation (Faraday rotation) F (Faraday Ellipticity) F Absorption Magnetic Circular Dichroism MCD Comparison to Natural Optical Rotation Faraday Effect is Nonreciprocal (Double rotation for round trip) Natural rotation is Reciprocal (Zero for round trip) Verdet Constant F =VlH (For paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials) 7
8 Magnetoplasmonics (II) Magneto-optics Kerr Effect Reflexion Configuration Ellipsometry 9
9 1 Magneto-optics Kerr Effect (MOKE) Surface sensibility Small Effect Sub-nanometric 10-4 sensibility In metals Penetration length tens of nanometers Surface Magneto-optical Kerr effect: SMOKE 10
10 1 Magneto-optics Magneto-optical tensor D ~ ε 0E H=0 H Z Magneto-optical components The change of sign comes from the Nonreciprocal nature of the MO effects Optical components 11
11 Kerr effect depends on relative orientation of M(B) z E ε k θ k E θ 0 ε k θ k E y x M M θ 0 M Polar + i = f(m z ) Longitudinal + i = f(m x ) Transverse R pp = f(m y ) am am z 0 0 z am 0 am x x xz 0 am 0 0 am 0 xy M (H) z xy Mz x (H) M (H) Optical properties are controlled by an external magnetic field or with the magnetic state y y y 12
12 Magneto-optical tensor In Faraday Configuration (k M) Faraday Configuration MOKE Configuration Magnetometry Magnetic properties MO Electronic properties Spectroscopy 13
13 1.Magneto-optics Origin of the MO effects Fermi Golden Rules Jz=-3/2 DL= ±1 Selectivity to some transitions L=1 L Z =+1,0,-1 Jz=-1/2 Jz=+1/2 Jz=+3/2 Correlated with the Spin-orbit coupling L=0 Without magnetization L Z =0 Exchange splitting Jz=-1/2 Jz=+1/2 Exchange +spin-orbit 15
14 Magneto-optics MCD MCD (a.u.) Metals (Cobalt fcc) Alloys Molecules ( 2nm TbPc2) 1,0x10-4 5,0x10-5 Sc-Ba hexaferrites NanoPlatelets 0,01 0,00 0,0-0,01-5,0x ,0x ,5x10-4 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 E (ev) MCD TbPc2-0,02-0,03-1,5-1,0-0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 Magnetic field (T) Energy (ev)
15 Magnetite Ferrites ISCT: Intersublattice Charge transitions A B IVCT: Intervalance charge transitions A A,B B Others: Crystal field transitions Fontjijn et al. JAP 85 (1999)
16 DA DA Magnetite Nanoparticles 3.0x10-3 Oxidation in size 2.0x nm 6.5 nm 10 nm 1.0x Wavelength (nm) 2,0x10-3 1,5x10-3 1,0x10-3 5,0x nm NPs Oxidation in time start 1 year 2 years 0,0-5,0x10-4 G. Campo et al. Chem. Mater. 27 (2015) Wavelength (nm) 18
17 Applications Magneto-optical recording Magneto-Optical isolator Biomedical applications Sensing and Diagnostic tests Immunoassays Malaria detection Magnetometry Biomagnetic fields Budker Nat. Phys. 3 (2007)
18 Applications: Sensing Immunassays Detection of the MO response of magnetic Nanoparticles Measurement of the binding dynamics Test with streptavidin Interaction proteins with glucose Aurich Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, Sensibility comparable to SPR Kober Anal. Chem. 86 (2014) Sensibility comparable to ELISA 20
19 Applications: MOT for Malaria detection Plasmodium parasite (protozoans) Distribution of parasite life cycle stages in the two Plasmodium falciparum cultures Courtesy of: From wikipedia Orban Plus ONe 9 (2014) e96981 MO detection of Hezoin pigments generated by the plasmodium Mens Malaria Journal 9 (2010) 207 Meniev Biomedical Expr Optics 7 (2016)
20 EU-F6 Project MOT-TEST Novel Magneto-optical Biosensors for Malaria Diagnostics Cotton Moutton detection Induced optical dichroism Original design Device Newman IEEE J Sel Top Quan Electr 16 (2010) 573 Mens Malaria Journal 9 (2010) 207 Banoth Appl Optics 55 (2016) 8637 Light transmission MO signal Results 20 parasites/ml Orban Plus ONe 9 (2014) e
21 Limits: Small MO signal Weak selectivity MO detection of Ferritin and mimetics Unexplored multifactor dependence Size, concentration, shape, composition Scattering- transmission Chemical instability of magnetic nanoparticles Toxicity of the materials with largest MO signal Few studies in vitro and in vivo Koralewski Acta Phys Polaca 133 (2018) 4 23
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