Version A Name: BIOL 3327: Plant Science Final Exam, 10 May 2005 WRITE YOUR VERSION LETTER AT THE VERY TOP OF YOUR ANSWER SHEET.

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1 Version A Name: Last 4 digits of SSN: BIOL 3327: Plant Science Final Exam, 10 May 2005 WRITE YOUR VERSION LETTER AT THE VERY TOP OF YOUR ANSWER SHEET. This exam contains 70 questions, thus each question is worth ½ a point towards your final course grade. Always choose the BEST answer. You may write on this sheet; you may want to indicate your answers here to double-check with your answer sheet. Grades will not be posted; exams can be picked up from Dr. Gough beginning May 12th. Ask if you have any questions. 1. The process by which a plant changes from the gametophyte generation to the sporophyte generation is: a. meiosis b. mitosis c. fertilization d. sporogenesis 2. Sporogenesis occurs in: a. sori of ferns b. cones of pines c. flowers of angiosperms d. all of the above 3. The gametophyte of which group(s) is dependent on the sporophyte for nutrition and energy? a. mosses b. ferns c. seed plants d. b and c 4. The products of meiosis in most ferns are: a. microspores and megaspores that will produce separate male and female gametophytes b. one type of spore that will produce bisexual gametophytes c. one type of spore that will produce unisexual gametophytes d. spores that will be explosively released from the capsule in which they are produced 5. Water is required for a sperm to fertilize an egg in: a. mosses b. ferns c. some gymnosperms d. a and b e. a, b, and c 6. In angiosperms, microgametogenesis results in the production of the: a. pollen grain b. embryo sac c. egg d. anther 7. The megagametophyte of angiosperms consists of: a. 7 cells with 8 nuclei b. 8 cells with 7 nuclei c. 3 cells with 3 nuclei d. 1 cell with 3 nuclei 1

2 8. The egg of an angiosperm is formed inside a(n): a. antheridium b. archegonium c. embryo sac d. pollen grain 9. All of the following are characteristics of pollen grains of angiosperms EXCEPT: a. contain sporopollenin b. well represented in fossil record c. have only one nucleus when shed from the parent plant d. germinate through apertures 10. Double fertilization refers to: a. the process in all seed plants by which both sperm nuclei fertilize cells in the megagametophyte b. two pollen grains simultaneously fertilizing two different eggs c. one sperm nucleus fertilizing the egg while the second sperm from the same pollen grain fertilizes the central cell that contains the polar nuclei d. the process by which each pollen grain produces two different pollen tubes to provide both sperm with access to an egg 11. The ploidy of endosperm tissue in angiosperms is: a. haploid b. diploid c. triploid d. tetraploid 12. If it has perfect flowers, a plant may avoid self-fertilizing by all of the following means EXCEPT: a. genetic self-incompatibility b. physically separating anthers and stigmas c. being dioecious d. being dichogamous 13. A flower that does not contain an androecium is known as: a. monoecious b. dioecious c. carpellate d. staminate 14. The group of angiosperms considered to be the common ancestor of both monocots and eudicots is: a. proangiosperms b. cycads c. magnoliids d. gnetophytes 15. Angiosperms spread quickly and successfully across the globe because they had important adaptations including: a. vessel elements b. sieve tube elements c. tough seed coat d. all of the above 16. Characteristics of most early angiosperms included: a. perianth with distinct sepals and petals b. unspecialized carpels c. fused stamens d. a and b e. a, b and c 2

3 17. All of the following are characteristics of flowers of evolutionarily advanced angiosperms EXCEPT: a. few parts of definite number b. radial symmetry c. inferior ovary d. flowers not spirally arranged 18. When you look at a daisy, the white petals are actually: a. the fused calyx of the disk flowers b. the fused corolla of the disk flowers c. the fused calyx of the ray flowers d. the fused corolla of the ray flowers 19. The following is/are characteristics of members of the family Orchidaceae: a. largest plant family b. one ovule per ovary c. bilaterally symmetrical flowers d. a and c e. a, b, and c 20. Choose the following correct statement regarding pollination of angiosperms: a. Animal pollinated flowers are usually drab colored with small petals and no odor. b. Nectar is often produced by wind pollinated flowers. c. Animal pollination is generally more efficient than wind pollination. d. Wind pollinated flowers tend to have short filaments and small stigmas. 21. What animal would you expect to pollinate a large, showy, red flower with little odor? a. beetle b. bee c. moth d. bird e. bat 22. What animal would you expect to pollinate a white flower with a strong odor? a. beetle b. bee c. butterfly d. a or b e. a, b, or c 23. Anthocyanins are all of the following EXCEPT: a. flavonoids b. carotenoids c. phenolics d. usually red and blue 24. A mature ovary of an angiosperm can best be described as: a. a flower b. a fruit c. a seed d. an androecium 25. The varieties of bananas and pineapples we eat usually do not have any seeds. These fruits can thus be described as: a. allelopathic b. imperfect c. parthenocarpic d. endospermic 26. Seedless watermelons are grown by: a. creating sterile triploid offspring from a diploid parent and a tetraploid parent b. creating sterile tetraploid offspring from two diploid parents c. creating sterile haploid offspring from two diploid parents d. creating sterile diploid offspring from two tetraploid parents 3

4 27. The fruit to the right is a silique of Brassica rapa (a.k.a. fast plants). This fruit is typical of members of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The seeds are usually shed while the fruit remains on the parent plant. The best way to describe this type of fruit is: a. aggregate b. fleshy c. dehiscent d. indehiscent Choose the term below that best describes the following three fruits: a. aggregate b. pome c. dry d. drupe e. caryopsis 28. apple 29. raspberry 30. legume 31. An example of a plant with animal dispersed fruits is: a. tumbleweed b. orchid c. coconut d. cherry 32. The fruit to the right is that of a dandelion in the family Asteraceae. The fuzzy appendage that allows it to be carried by the wind is termed the pappus, which is derived from a modified calyx. This fruit is most likely dispersed by: a. water b. animals c. wind 4

5 33. Many green fruits taste unpleasant. This is an example of coevolution between plants and the animals that disperse their fruits. The best explanation for this phenomenon is: a. It is disadvantageous to the plant to have an unripe fruit eaten since the seeds are not yet mature. If fruits taste bad, animals are less likely to eat them. b. Animals prefer to eat ripe fruit because it has higher sugar content and thus is more of a reward for dispersing the seeds. The seeds are then more likely to be mature when the animal eats the fruit. c. Plants do not want their fruits to be eaten by animals so making them taste unpleasant prevents this from happening. d. a and b e. a, b, and c 34. Choose the best statement regarding secondary metabolites in plants. a. Secondary metabolites are found in all plant cells. b. Some plants make secondary metabolites that can be excreted from their roots and prevent other plants from growing nearby. c. Members of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) do not produce any secondary metabolites. d. Production of secondary metabolites rarely deters herbivores. 35. Most eudicots have: a. fibrous roots b. a taproot with lateral roots c. roots with eusteles d. adventitious roots only 36. Feeder roots usually occur: a. at soil depths greater than 10 m b. at soil depths greater than 1 m c. in upper portions of the soil d. throughout the root mass of the plant 37. The shoot apical meristem is sometimes protected by young leaves, while the root apical meristem is protected by: a. the root cap b. the region of cell division c. internodes d. vascular tissue 38. In roots that have undergone extensive secondary growth, the represents the dermal tissue system. a. epidermis b. periderm c. phelloderm d. vascular cambium 39. Roots that originate from the stem are called: a. lateral b. adventitious c. leaves d. mucigel 40. Specialized structures that increase root surface area and thus the area over which substances can be absorbed in the roots are known as: a. Casparian strips b. pericycles c. root hairs d. lenticels 5

6 41. The meristematic tissue found in the apical meristem of both roots and shoots that gives rise to the epidermis is the: a. phelloderm b. periderm c. protoderm d. procambium 42. The image to the right represents: a. a eudicot root b. a eudicot stem c. a monocot root d. a monocot stem 43. The image to the right represents: a. a eudicot root b. a eudicot stem c. a monocot root d. a monocot stem 6

7 44. Once water and nutrients have been absorbed by root cells, they pass through the cortex via: a. plasmodesmata b. traveling along cell walls c. pneumatophores d. a and b e. a, b, and c 45. Root hairs occur in the: a. root apical meristem b. region of cell division c. region of elongation d. region of maturation Use the following terms to accurately describe the four listed vegetables: a. fleshy root b. tuber c. bulb d. cladophyll e. corm 46. sweet potato 47. white potato 48. carrot 49. onion 50. The image to the right represents the formation of: a. lateral roots b. adventitious roots c. new leaves d. flowers e. stem branches 51. The type of cell found in vascular tissue that is dead at maturity, has primary and secondary cell walls, and is found in gymnosperms, seedless vascular plants, and angiosperms is: a. tracheid b. vessel element c. sieve cell d. sieve tube element 7

8 52. A meristematic region that occurs in between two regions of different types of cells, such as in an elongating internode located between two nodes, is known as a: a. ground meristem b. intercalary meristem c. peripheral meristem d. pith meristem 53. Tunica-corpus organization describes: a. the meristematic region of the root apical meristem b. the meristematic region of the shoot apical meristem c. the region in roots from which lateral roots arise d. the region in shoots from which lateral roots arise 54. The three basic organizational structures of stems with primary growth can be distinguished from each other by: a. whether or not the procambium produces primary phloem to the inside or outside b. the presence or absence of collenchyma in the cortex c. the presence or absence of a vascular cambium d. the arrangement of the vascular bundles 55. If a plant has open vascular bundles, it can: a. accomplish secondary growth b. only produce primary tissues c. allow gas exchange within the stems and leaves d. make lenticels in its stem 56. The extension of vascular tissue from the stem into the leaf is known as the: a. leaf trace b. leaf trace gap c. branch trace d. branch trace gap 57. Flowers and leaves are examples of: a. determinate growth b. indeterminate growth 58. The leaves of C 3 and C 4 grasses both have: a. bundle sheaths b. the same number of mesophyll cells between bundle sheaths c. bulliform cells d. Kranz anatomy 59. Leaflets of compound leaves can be distinguished from simple leaves by the fact(s) that: a. leaflets have buds in their axils while leaves do not b. leaves have buds in their axils while leaflets do not c. leaflets extend in one plane while leaves may extend in more than one plane d. a and c e. b and c 8

9 60. Choose the best term to describe the phyllotaxy of the maple branch with simple leaves as shown in the picture below: a. helical b. distichous c. opposite d. decussate e. whorled 61. The leaf cross-section to the right most likely represents a: a. mesophyte b. hydrophyte c. xerophyte 62. The position of what structure allowed you to answer the previous question? a. palisade parenchyma b. spongy parenchyma c. vein d. guard cell 63. As monocot leaves develop from the shoot apical meristem, their growth spreads laterally and encircles the shoot apex. This growth pattern causes the leaf that is produced to have: a. a petiole b. a blade c. a sheath 9

10 64. When geneticists knock out (or deactivate) one of the classes of genes that control floral development, sepals occur where petals normally are, and carpels occur where stamens usually are. The geneticists are generating: a. chimeras b. homeotic mutations c. wild type flowers d. abscission zones 65. The trap of a Venus flytrap that the plant uses to catch insects is a modified: a. root b. stem c. leaf d. flower 66. Primary producers are most commonly: a. autotrophs b. photosynthetic c. decomposers d. a and b e. a, b and c 67. Arctic tundra can usually be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: a. high amounts of precipitation (both snow and rain) b. cold soils c. short growing season d. low nitrogen availability in soils e. C 3 plants 68. Only about 10% of the energy stored in plants is available for herbivores to consume. The other 90% is primarily lost as: a. reflected sunlight b. heat during cellular respiration c. dead plant matter d. secondary metabolites 69. Think of the major processes of the carbon cycle. The Arctic is currently warming because of global increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Choose the best answer to describe the potential impacts of this warming, as presented in lecture by Dr. Gough. a. Decomposition will speed up, thus providing more nutrients to the plants as well as generating more carbon dioxide through cellular respiration. b. In a warmed environment, plants may grow more, increasing the amount of carbon dioxide that is pulled from the atmosphere via photosynthesis. c. Herbaceous plants may be able to grow more in a warmed environment thus helping to store carbon for the long term in their tissues. d. a and b e. a, b and c 70. Plants are vitally important to life on Earth as we know it because: a. They can convert the sun s energy into food energy that forms the base of the food chain for most organisms on Earth. b. They can break water down to make oxygen that makes the ozone layer and allows aerobic cellular respiration to occur. c. Fossil fuels are essentially very, very old dead plants that provide the energy that generates electricity to power most of our communities. d. all of the above and more! 10