Chemical Control of Nursery Pests
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- Mary Underwood
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1 Chemical Control of Nursery Pests Bee warning Read carefully before applying any material selected for use. Many insecticides are highly toxic to honeybees. Some should not be applied any time during bloom, while many others should be applied only in the early morning hours and/or late in the evening. Avoid spraying carbaryl and diazinon on plant surrounded by blooming flowers or weeds. Always take simple steps, such as removing (mowing) blooming clover from lawns adjacent to garden areas before applying materials that are hazardous to bees. In all cases, when given the choice, select the least hazardous material when plants in the infested vicinity are in bloom. Avoid using dusts wherever possible; spray formulations are preferred for bee safety. Protect pollinators: See How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pesticides. Note: Products are listed by alphabetical order and not in order of preference or superiority of pest control. For greenhouse plant see: Greenhouse Ornamental Pests Characteristics of Insecticides Using pyrethroid insecticides is associated with subsequent spider mite outbreaks: monitor plant closely after you use these materials. Pesticides available for use in commercial nursery applications Active ingredient Trade name (examples) Chemical class Typical use pattern abamectin Avid, Lucid acyclic lactone translaminar systemic acephate Acephate, Orthene organophosphate foliar systemic acequinocyl Shuttle nathoquinone spider mite acetamiprid Tristar chloro-nicotinyl whitefly, aphid, adelgid, scale, psyllid, mealybug, leafhopper, thrips, leafminer, plant bug, leaf eating beetles, fungus gnat larvae alpha-cypermethrin Fendona CD synthetic pyrethroid aphid, lepidoptera, flea beetle, webworm, grasshopper, plant bug, spittlebug azadirachtin Amazin (organic) Azatin, Aza- Direct (OMRI), Azatrol (OMRI) Ornazin terpenoid: insect growth regulator immature stages of insects antifeedant, bio Bacillus thuringiensis various (organic labels available) microbial specific, depends on variety; biopesticide Beauveria bassiana Botanigard, Mycotrol, Naturalis L fungus whitefly, aphid, pysllid, thrips, weevil, mealybug beta-cyfluthrin Tempo pyrethroid aphid, lepidopterous larvae bifenazate Floramite carbazate spider mite good coverage is especially important; compatible with predacious mite. bifenthrin Menace, Talstar, Wisdom, many labels pyrethroid general, check label; most are restricted use pesticides. bifenthrin + imidacloprid Atera, Bithor pyrethroid + neonicotinoid combination product; systemic, check label for pests. buprofezin Talus insect growth regulator scale, whitefly, mealybug, leafhopper, pear psylla acts on immature stages. carbaryl Sevin carbamate general, check label for pest list. chlorfenapyr Pylon pyrroles spider mites chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn anthranilic diamide lepidopterous larvae, aphid, lace bug, birch leafminer, beetle, borers F12 PNW Insect Management Handbook
2 Pesticides available for use in commercial nursery applications Active ingredient Trade name (examples) Chemical class Typical use pattern chlorpyriphos Dursban organophosphate general, check label for pest list; restricted use Chromobacterium Grandevo microbial general, check label for pest lift. canola oil citronella + farneson + geraniol + nerolidol clarified hydrophobic extract of neem oil Earth-Tone Horticultural Oil (organic) botanical oil Biomite botanical mite Triact (OMRI), Trilogy (OMRI) botanical oil fungicide, miticide, insecticide, whitefly, mealybug, aphid, leafhopper clofentezine Ovation tetrazine spider mite clothianidin Arena neonicotinoid aphid, mealybug, whitefly, adelgid, lacebug, leaf beetle, psyllid, root weevils, systemic cryolite Cryolite Bait inorganic caterpillar, root weevil cyantraniliprole Mainspring raynoid plant bug, lepidopera, soft scale, thrips, whitefly, Japanese beetle cyflumetofen Sultan Miticide spider mite cyfluthrin Decathlon pyrethroid general check label; restricted use cyfluthrin + imadcloprid Discus pyrethroid + neonicotinoid general check label; combination product; systemic; restricted use cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide + pyrethrins CB Intruder, PT 1600 X-clude pyrethroid + synergist + pyrethrins general check label combination product; restricted use cypermethrin Cyper Eight, Enforcer pyrethroid ant, silverfish, sowbug greenhouse, seedhouse, and commercial building treatments; restricted use cyromazine Citation triazine: insect growth regulator acts on immature fungus gnat, leaf miner, shore fly. deltamethrin Deltagard GC pyrethroid general check label; restricted use. diazinon Diazinon organophosphate general; restricted use diflubenzuron Dimilin 4L benzoylphenylurea : insect growth regulator acts on immature stages, conifer nursery; restricted use dimethoate Dimethoate organophosphate general check label; systemic. dinotefuran Safari neonicotinoid aphid, mealybug, whitefly, fungus gnat,weevil, psyllid, borer, thrips, scale; systemic. disulfoton Di-syston organophophate Easter lily production only Curry Country, OR; restricted use pesticide; supplemental label needed. emamectin benzoate entomopathogenic nematode (live) Enfold Heterorhabditis spp., Steinernema spp. microbial soil pests such as root weevil. esfenvalerate Fenvastar EcoCap pyrethroid general; check label for pests. ethoprop MoCap organophosphate nematode, symphylan, field nurseries only, pre-plant only: Easter lilies (Curry County, OR); supplemental label needed; restricted use PNW Insect Management Handbook F13
3 Pesticides available for use in commercial nursery applications Active ingredient Trade name (examples) Chemical class Typical use pattern etoxazole TetraSan oxazolin; insect growth regulator spider mite farnesol Biomite spider mite fenazaquin Magus Miticide quinazoline spider mite, whitefly fenbutatin oxide Vendex, Promite organotin spider mite fenpropathrin Tame 2.4 EC pyrethroid general check label; restricted-use fenpyroximate Akari phenoxypyrazole spider mite, broad mite, cyclamen mite, eriophyid mite, mealybug fenvalerate Onslaught synthetic pyrethroid lepidoptera, aphid, plant bug, sawfly, spittlebug, thrips flonicamid Aria Insecticide pyridinecarboxamide aphid, thrips, whitefly, scale leafhopper, mealybug garlic oil/powder + cottonseed oil + oil of clove geraniol + citronellol + nerolidol + farnesol Pestout (OMRI) botanical mite Biomite botanical derivatives spider mite hexythiazox Hexagon organosulfur spider mite, ovicidal, larvicidal hydramethylnon Amdro, MaxForce ant imidacloprid Imidacloprid, Marathon chloronicotinyl general check label; systemic. indoxacarb Provaunt carbamate lepidopterous larvae, sawfly, leafhopper Isaria fumosorosea strain 97 Preferal Microbial Insecticide microbial general check label. jojoba oil Eco E-rase (OMRI) botanical oil whitefly kaolin Surround (OMRI) clay may leave residue. lambda-cyhalothrin Cyonara, Scimitar GC, pyrethroid general check label; restricted use limonene Orange Guard botanical, monoterpine aphid, spider mite malathion Malathion 5EC, Fyfanon, Prentox organophosphate metaldehyde metaldehyde aldehyde molluscicide slug and snail check label for non-tolerant plant. Metarhizium anisopliae strain 52 Met 52 biological, fungus root weevil grubs methidathion Supracide organophosphate aphid, scale, leafminer, moth, weevil; restricted use methiocarb Mesurol carbamate slug, snail, thrips; restricted use. methoxyfenozide Intrepid 2F diacylhydrazine lepidopterous larvae milbemectin Ultiflora macrocyclic lactonemite; mite; restricted use mineral oil, petroleum distillate various oil soft-bodied pests novaluron Pedestal benzoylphenyl urea whitefly, thrips, leafminer, armyworm; insect growth regulator oil of rosemary + peppermint Ecotec Broad Spectrum (OMRI) botanical + botanical oil aphid, beetle, caterpillar, fungus gnat, shorefly, leafhopper, leafminer, mite, soft scale oxydemeton-methyl MSR Spray Concentrate organophosphate aphid, adelgid, thrips, white pine weevil, field-grown nursery stock; systemic; restricted use Paecilomyces fumosoroseus PFR 97 biological, fungus whitefly permethrin Ambush, Permethrin, Pounce, many labels pyrethroid general check label; most are restricted-use pesticides. F14 PNW Insect Management Handbook
4 Pesticides available for use in commercial nursery applications Active ingredient Trade name (examples) Chemical class Typical use pattern phosmet Imidan organophosphate birch leafminer potassium laurate M-Pede, Insecticidal Soap (several OMRI, organic) propargite Omite organosulfur mite soap general, contact only, no residual. propyleneglycol monolaurate Acaritouch fatty acid monoester spider mite good contact required. pymetrozine Endeavor triazine aphid, whitefly pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide (PBO) PT 1600 X-clude, PT Pyrethrum TR pyrethrins + synergist general check label. pyrethrins + canola PyGanic Dust (OMRI) pyrethrins general check label. pyridalyl Overture lepidoptera, thrips pyridaben Sanmite pyridazinone spider mite, whitefly pyriproxyfen Distance insect growth regulator aphid, whitefly, scale, fungus gnats, leafminer s-kinoprene Enstar insect growth regulator greenhouse, shadehouse, lath structures only; acts on immature stage of aphids, whitefly, scale, mealybug, thrips sodium borate complex Prev-Am inorganic aphid, leafhopper, lygus, mealybug, mite, thrips, whitefly sorbitol octanoate Sorbishield 90 sugar ester soft-bodied insects spinetoram Delegate spinosyn lepidopterous larvae spinosad Conserve, Entrust fungal metabolite thrips, caterpillar, midge spiromesifen Judo ketoenole spider mite, broad mite, cyclamen mite, false spider mite, eriophyid mite, whitefly spirotetramat Kontos tetramic acid aphid, adelgid, whitefly, rust mite, spider mite, psyllid, spittlebug, mealybug, leafhopper; systemic chemistry sulfoxaflor Closer sulfoximines sap-feeding insects tau-fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow pyrethroid general, container stock only. tebufenozide Confirm hydrazine, IGR acts on moth immature stages. thiamethoxam Flagship neonicotinoid beetle grub, aphid, whitefly, mealybug tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi pyrazole aphid, leafhopper, lepidoptera, scale, thrips trichlorfon Dylox Turn & Ornamental Ins. organophosphate lepidopterous larvae, bulb fly, cinch bug, beetle larvae zeta-cypermethrin various labels pyrethroid aphid, lepidopterous larvae, sucking insects PNW Insect Management Handbook F15
5 Pesticides registered for use on specific nursery pests adelgid azadirachtin (Azatin) deltamethrin (Deltagard) imidacloprid (Marathon, mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( potassium laurate ( pyrethrins ( activity aphid acephate (Orthene TR, Systemic activity azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, Acts as an insect growth regulator and anti-feedant. Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard, Naturalis L) Fungal pathogens. Other oils include clove, cottonseed, rosemary, peppermint, sesame. clarified hydrophobic extract of neem oil (Triact, Trilogy) Avoid tank mixes of oxythioquinox, captan, sulfur, chlorothalonil. fenpropathrin (Tame) garlic powder/oil of clove/cottonseed oil (Pest Out) horticultural oil ( imidacloprid (Marathon, May leave residue; thorough coverage essential. lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( methiocarb (Mesurol) mineral oil neem oil (Trilogy) peppermint/oil of rosemary (Ecotec Broad Spectrum) potassium laurate ( pymetrozine (Endeavor) pyrethrin/canola ( pyrethrin/pbo3 pyriproxyfen (Distance) Apply to the immature stages of the insect. s-kinoprene (Enstar II) Apply to the immature stages of the insect. sodium borate spinetoram (Xxpire WG) borers (general) azadiractin (Azatin, Neemix, cyfluthin + imidacloprid (Discus) imidacloprid (Marathon, lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, pyrethrins caterpillars acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai (Dipel, Most effective on younger stages of the caterpillars. Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Zentari) Most effective on younger stages of the caterpillars. Beauvaria bassiana (Mycotrol, Naturalis O) cyantraniliprole (Mainspring) deltamethrin (Deltagard) garlic powder/oil (Allityn Insect Acts as an insect growth regulator and antifeedant. Other oils include canola, neem, peppermint. imidacloprid + bifenthrin (Atera) indoxacarb (Proavaunt) insect growth regulator lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) Begin applications when larvae are observed or at the first sign of feeding damage. mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( Apply in delayed dormant period to destroy overwintering egg masses. novaluron (Pedestal) F16 PNW Insect Management Handbook
6 potassium laurate ( pyrethrin + piperonly butoxide pyridalyl (Overture) spinetoram (Delegate) taufluvalinate (Mavrik Aquaflow) tebufenozide (Confirm) Apply at initiation of egg hatch. clearwing moth borer methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) Specific to caterpillars; mimics action of molting hormone. coneworm azadiractin (Azatin, Neemix, Bacillus thuringiensis azawai (Xentari) Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Dipel, phosmet (Imidan) flea beetle acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, Acts as an insect growth regulator and anti-feedant. ethoprop (MoCap) Mocap for nematodes, symphylans, field nurseries only, pre-plant only; Easter lilies (Curry County, OR). Supplemental label needed. Restricted use imidacloprid (Marathon, PNW Insect Management Handbook lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( peppermint (Ecotec Broad Spectrum) Other oils include rosemary, canola oil. potassium laurate ( pyrethrin + piperonyl butoxide lace bug acephate (Orthene, azadiractin (Azatin, Neemix, imidacloprid (Marathon, lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( peppermint oil, rosemary oil potassium laurate ( spinetoram (Delegate) leaf beetle acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionus (Btt) (Novodor) Labeled for elm leaf beetle. imidacloprid (Marathon, lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( phosmet (Imidan) potassium laurate ( leafhopper acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, buprofezin (Talus) Do not rotate with chitin synthesis inhibitors. canola oil + pyrethrin ( fenpropathrin (Tame 2.4EC) imidacloprid (Marathon, indoxacarb (Proavaunt) lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( neem oil, (Triact, Trilogy) Pre-test on small number of plants to check for phytotoxicity. Buffer spray solution to ph phosmet (Imidan) potassium laurate ( F17
7 pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide sodium borate sorbitol octonoate (SorbiShield) leafroller acephate (Orthene, azadiractin (Azatin, Neemix, Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai (Xentari) Works best on small larvae. Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Dipel, deltamethrin (Deltagard) emamectin benzoate (Enfold) fenpropathrin (Tame 2.4EC) lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) Specific to caterpillars; mimics action of molting hormone. mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( novaluron (Pedesta ) Apply to immature insects. tebufenozide (Confirm) Specific to caterpillars; apply at initiation of egg hatch. midge azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, carbaryl (Drexel Carbaryl 4) cyfluthrin + imidacloprid (Discus) deltamethrin (Deltagard) For perimeter May leave residue. imidacloprid lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, mite, eriophyid fenpyroximate (Akari) milbemectin (Ultiflora) Restricted use mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide spiromesifen (Judo) Avoid geranium, ferns, English ivy, Alstromeria, Impatiens. mite, spider acephate (Orthene, acequinocyl (Shuttle) azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, bifenazate (Floramite) Good coverage is especially important with bifenazate. Compatible with predatory mites. chlorfenapyr (Pylon) clofentezine (Ovation) cyflumetofen (Sultan Miticide) emamectin benzoate (Enfold) etoxazole (TetraSan) farnesol (Biomite) fenazaquin (Magus Miticide) fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex) fenpyroximate (Akari) garlic powder/oil of clove/cottonseed oil (Pest Out) Horticultural oils are most effective against the egg stage. Other oils include clove, peppermint, rosemary. hexythiozox (Hexigon) imidacloprid (Marathon, May leave residue. lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( milbemectin (Ultiflora) mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( Horticultural oils are most effective against the egg stage. permethrin ( potassium laurate ( propargite (Omite) propyleneglycol monolaurate (Acaritouch) pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide pyridaben (Sanmite) spinetoram (Delegate) spiromesifen (Judo) needleminer acephate (Orthene, peachtree borer azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide peach twig borer azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Dipel, lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, methidathion (Supracide) methoxifenozide (Intrepid) Specific to caterpillars; apply at initiation of egg hatch. mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( F18 PNW Insect Management Handbook
8 plant bug acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, canola oil + pyrethrin ( cyantraniliprole (Mainspring) deltamethrin (Deltagard) For perimeter Other oils include peppermint, rosemary. imidacloprid (Marathon, lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( novaluron (Pedestal) potassium laurate ( sorbitol octonoate (Sorbishield 90) psyllid acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, Beauvaria bassiani (Botanigard, Naturalis O) Other oils include cottonseed, peppermint. imidacloprid (Marathon, PNW Insect Management Handbook mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( oil of rosemary + peppermint (Ecotec Broad Spectrum) potassium laurate ( root weevil acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, cryolite (Gowan Cryolite Bait) dinotefuan (Safari) imidacloprid (Marathon, lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, Metarhizium anisopliae (Met 52) sawfly acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, canola oil + pyrethrin ( diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25W) dimethoate imidacloprid (Marathon, indoxacarb (Proavaunt) lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( oil of rosemary scale acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, buprofesin (Talus) Do not rotate with chitin synthesis inhibitors. Other oils include cottonseed. cinnamaldahyde (Cinnacure) cyantraniliprole (Mainspring) imidacloprid (Marathon, lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( methidathion (Supracide) mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( potassium laurate ( S-kinoprene (Enstar II) sodium borate sorbitol octonoate (Sorbishield 90) spinetoram (Delegate) thrips acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, bifenazate (Floramite) Good coverage is especially important with bifenazate. Compatible with predatory mites. F19
9 canola oil + pyrethrin ( cyantraniliprole (Mainspring) garlic powder/oil of clove/cottonseed oil (Pest Out) imidacloprid (Marathon, lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( Metarhizium anisopliae (Met 52) methidathion (Supracide) mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( neem oil, clarified hydrophobic extract of (Triact, Trilogy) Avoid tank mixes of oxythioquinox, captan, sulfur, chlorothalonil. novaluron (Pedestal) pyrethrins pyridalyl (Overture) S-kinoprene (Enstar II) webworm acephate (Orthene, azadirachtin (Azatin, Neemix, Bacillus thuringiensis aizaiwai (Xentari) Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Dipel, diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25W) indoxacarb (Proavaunt) lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( Some products. white pine weevil imidacloprid (Marathon, oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R) whitefly acephate (Orthene, azadiractin buprofezin (Talus) Other oils include cottonseed, peppermint. canola oil + pyrethrin ( clarified hydrophobic extract of neem oil (Triact, Trilogy) fenazaquin (Magus) fenpropathrin (Tame 2.4EC) fenpyroximate (Akari) imidacloprid (Marathon, jojoba oil (Eco E-rase) lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar, malathion ( Metarhizium anisopliae (Met 52) mineral oil/petroleum distillate ( novaluron (Pedestal) potassium laurate ( pymetrozine (Endeavor) pyrethrins + PBO S-kinoprene (Enstar II) sodium borate spiromesifen (Judo) F20 PNW Insect Management Handbook
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