Investigation of effect of Altitude in some Morphological characteristics and Yield in Euphorbia macrostegia

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1 International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. Available online at IJACS/2013/5-16/ ISSN X 2013 IJACS Journal Investigation of effect of Altitude in some Morphological characteristics and Yield in Euphorbia macrostegia Neamatollah mortazavi keveshk Faculty of Agriculture, Yasooj branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran Corresponding author ABSTRACT: This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of altitude on morphological characteristics (Stem height and stem diameter) and two yield characteristics biomass (dry and wet biomass) in Euphorbia macrostegia in Kohgilouyeh-va-Boyerahmad province on vegetative growth season (spring and summer 2011). Latest Research showed that Euphorbia macrostegia has triterpenes contents that can be used in pharmaceutical industry. This study had performed with three replicated randomized complete block design (RCB). For a purpose located random sampling parted 3 square in transect about 2 kilometers ( Meter above of sea level) in saverz mountain Which was subdivided to 10 strata per 100 meters. The data were analyzed using software spss and the means were compared by Duncan test. The results showed that the Maximum of stem height (79 Cm) and Stem diameter (8mm) were in 2500 and 2800 Meter above of sea level respectively. Also the Maximum of wet Biomass (875.44) and dry biomass (273.33) were in 2500 Meter above of sea level respectively. The research concluded three factors (stem length, wet and dry biomass) of Euphorbia decreased and stem diameter increased while increasing of altitude. Key words: Altitude,Euphorbia macrostegia, Kohgilouyeh-va-Boyerahmad province, Saverz Mountain INTRODUCTION The Euphorbiaceae Family is one of the greatest families among the higher plants, with about 300 genera and 7,500 species (Ihsan-Ul-Haq et al, 2012; Ali et al, 2009). Euphorbia is the largest genus of Euphobiaceae family, which comprises well over 2000 species, grows in the form of laticiferous herbs, shrubs, and small trees, inhabiting the tropical and temperate zones of Asia and other parts of the world (jasbi, 2006; ayatollahi et al, 2010) It should be mentioned 70 species of euphorbia are reported in iran that 17 of them are endemic. Many species of Euphorbia have been used in traditional medicine against various diseases including infections, skin diseases as well as cancer. Based on studies by (trease, 2001., jyothi et al, 2008). Euphorbiaceae family has high antioxidant properties. In addition to these plants cause increased the activity of the immune system (ghandian etal, 2012). In traditional medicine, Euphorbia was used as treatment of intestinal parasites, gonorrhea and in treatment of skin diseases (ayatollahi et al, 2009). Also recent studies have found that Triterpenes were isolated from Euphorbia macrostegia can be used in pharmaceutical industry (Baniadam et al, 2012., Jasbi et al, 2012). Chemical compounds changed during the vegetative period (Gharadaghi, 2001., Azarnivand et al, 2007). Growth and development of plants in different ecosystems and natural habitat is affected by various environmental factors like altitude (Mortazavi 2012). Euphorbia macrostegia belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is a annual to biannual, wintergreen semi woody stalks from a perennial root stock and glossy, dark green oval leaves, yellowish-green bracts and growing mostly in stage of oak trees (Mortazavi, et al, 2012) (Figure 1).

2 Figure 1. Euphorbia macrostegia in Delafrooz Mountain The current study was carried out in order to determine the effect of Altitude in Morphological characteristics distribution and Yield in Euphorbia macrostegia. MATERIAL AND METHOD Geographical location of the study area Kohgilouyeh-va-Boyerahmad Province is located in the southwest of Iran (Figure 2). Figure2. Map of the Kohgilouyeh-va-Boyerahmad Province Primarily, it is a mountainous Province and Zagros Mountain Ranges stretched from the northeast to the southwest of Kohgilouyeh-va-Boyerahmad. (Mirinejad, 2011) There is more than 4000 meters difference of elevation (above sea level) between the highest point of the Province in Mount Dena (4,409 meters) and the lowest point in Haider Karrar area in Gachsaran (180 meters) (Mirinejad et al, 2013). This research performed in saverz mountain that stretched from east to west of Kohgilouyeh-va-Boyerahmad province, about 80 kilometer southwest of yasooj city (Fig3).

3 Figure3. View of vegetation in Saverz Mountain Survey Research This research investigated the effect of altitude in two morphological characteristics (Stem height, stem diameter) two yield characteristics biomass (dry and wet biomass) using three replicated randomized complete block design (RCB). For a purpose located random sampling parted 3 square in transect about 2 kilometers in altitude of 2300 to 3200 meters which was subdivided to 10 strata of every 100 meters. Each stratum was contained 5 plots. Each plot size was ( Meter) and samples collected GPS devices obtained the geographic characteristics of the plots such as latitude, longitude, height, direction and slope were recorded. Sampling was performed in the mid-june that Euphorbia was the end of vegetative period. Mean of Stem height was obtained by calculating the average height of the plants in plots. Other morphological characteristics (mean of Stem diameter) was evaluated from calculating the average height of the plants in plots. For calculated the Two yield characteristics biomass (dry and wet biomass) euphorbia shrubs were cutted from end of the stems and their organs weighing for obtained the wet biomass. To determine the weight of dry biomass, fresh plants are put in laboratory oven and dried at C for several minutes until the weight of the dried materials remains constant and were weighed. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). For comparisons of the means, the Duncan s multiple range tests were employed. RESULT The length of stem was affected significantly by increasing the height and showed that increased to 2500 Meter. The maximum length of Stem (79cm) was recorded in 2500 Meter of Saverz Mt (fig4). The minimum length of euphorbia (28.5 cm) was obtained in 3100 Meter of Saverz Mt. There were significant differences in length of stems between Different elevation classes (F=3.796), (sig= 0.019). Figure4. Stem Height of Euphorbia in different elevation

4 Mean of main stem diameter indicating an irregular process during the increasing of altitude. The maximum mean of main stem diameter in plot (8mm) was recorded in 2800 Meter of Saverz Mt. While minimum mean of main stem diameter (2.66) was recorded in 2200M (Figure5). There were no significant differences according to variance analysis, but according to Duncan test (5%) they could be divided into 3 groups. Figure 5. mean of main stem diameter of Euphorbia in different elevation The wet biomass of stem was affected significantly by increasing the height and increased to 2500M. The maximum wet biomass of Stem (875.44gr) was weighed in 2500 Meter of Saverz Mt (fig6). The minimum wet biomass of euphorbia (80gr) was obtained in 3200 Meter of Saverz Mt (fig3). There were not significant differences in wet biomass between Different elevation classes. Figure6. wet Biomass of Euphorbia in different elevation According to (fig7) dry biomass of stem was affected significantly by increasing the height and increased to 2500 Meter. The maximum wet biomass of Stem (273.33gr) was weighed in 2500 Meter of Saverz Mt. The minimum wet biomass of euphorbia (42gr) was obtained in 3200 Meter of Saverz Mt. There were no significant differences according to variance analysis, but according to Duncan test (5%) they could be divided into 4 groups. CONCLUSION This research has been performed to investigate of effect of Altitude in some Morphological characteristics and Yield in Euphorbia macrostegia in Kohgilouyeh-va-Boyerahmad Province. According to this study, amount of biomass and stem height significant decreased while the increased mean of stem diameter due to increasing of altitude. It is proposed to investigate the influence of other

5 ecological conditions on Morphological characteristics and Yield of euphorbia macrostegia. Also altitude effect on other morphological characters should be evaluated. Figure7. dry Biomass of Euphorbia in different elevation ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad mehdi rahimi and Azizolah jafari kookhdan for their cooperation and consultation to carry out of this project. This paper was first presented at the First Conference of national symposium on natural products and medicinal plants in bojnoord on 3-4 October REFERENCES Ali I, Naz R, Khan WN, Gul R Biological screening of different root extracts of Euphorbia wallichii. Pak. J. Bot 41: Ayatollahi SAM, Ghanadian M, Afsharypuor S, Siddiq S, PourHosseini SM. 2010, Biological Screening of Euphorbia Aellenii, Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 9 (4): Ayatollahi SAM, Shojaii A, Kobarfard F, Choudhary MI Terpens from aerial parts of Euphorbia splendida. J. Med. Plants Res. 3: Azarnivand H, Esmailpoor Y, Moghadam MR, Sadeghipoor A investigation of changes in crude protein and cell wall of Artemisia aucheri in different growth stage and various Elevational classes, karaj. Grassland. 1(3): Baniadam S, Ghanadian M, Rahiminezhad M, Saeedi H Isolation of triterpenes from Euphorbia macrostegia. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 7(5). Ghanadian SM, Ayatollahi AM, Afsharypour S, Hareem S, Abdalla OM, Kezetas Bankeue JJ Flavonol Glycosides from Euphorbia microsciadiabioss. with their Immunomodulatory Activities. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 11(3), Gharadaghi H, Arzani H, Sandgol A investigation of Seasonal variation of carbon hydrate deposits in the pasture dominant species in rood shoor. Full text book of 2 th National Conference of pasture and rangeland, Ihsan-Ul-Haq A, NazifUllah A, Bibi B, Simab Kanwal M, Mirzaa A Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Euphorbia wallichiiroot Extract and its Fractions., Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11 (1): Jasbi A, Zare S, Ghaedi M, Miri R, Phytochemical investigation on Euphorbia macrostegia(persian wood spurge). Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 7(5). Jasbi A Chemistry and biological activity of Secondary Metalites in Euphorbia from Iran Phytochemistry, vo167 Issue Jyothi TM, Shankariah MM, Prabhu K, Lakshminarsu S, Srinivasa GM, Siddamsetty R Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity ofeuphorbia tirucalli Iranian Journal of Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 7:25-30, Mirinejad S, Hassanpour B, Yousefi M, Jahantab E Investigation of Autecology and Cultivation of Rare Endangered Medicinal Plant Kelussia odoratissima Mozff in Kohgilouyeh-va-Boyerahmad Province. Mirinejad S Final report of project in Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources in Kohgilouyeh-va-Boyerahmad Province, Yasooj, Iran. Mortazavi N, Mirinejad S, Keshavarz K, Saidi K Investigation of effect of Altitude in some Morphological characteristics and Yield in Euphorbia macrostegia. Paper presented at the 1rd national symposium on natural products and medicinal plants. North Khorasan University of medical sciences, bojnoord, 3-4 october Mortazavi N Investigation of effect of Altitude in Morphological characteristics, distribution and Yield in Euphorbia macrostegia, Daphne mucronata. M.Sc Thesis of Agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University, Yasooj branch. Trease GE, Evans WC Pharmacognosy. 12th Edn, ELBS Publication, Baillier Tindall, East Bourne, PP.495.