March 14, Roll and Bell Work: Explain the difference between point mutation and frame shift mutation.

Transcription

1 March 14, Roll and Bell Work: Explain the difference between point mutation and frame shift mutation.

2 2. Announcements 3. Vocab and Notes- Selective Breeding 4. Articles and Political Cartoons

3 13-1 Changing the Living World Genetic Engineering

4 Vocabulary n Selective breeding- n Method of improving a species by allowing only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation. n Hybridization n Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms.

5 Vocabulary n Inbreeding n Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics. n Polyploid- n Having many sets of chromosomes

6 A. Selective Breeding 1. Allowing only those animals or plants with desired characteristics to produce the next generation select.html

7 2. Humans use selective breeding to pass desired traits on to the next generation of organisms a. Luther Burbank developed the diseaseresistant Burbank potato to help fight potato blight and other diseases b. He developed more than 800 plant varieties

8 3. Hybridization a. Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms b. Individuals produced from crosses are called hybrids c. This can allow for multiple good traits being combined

9 4. Inbreeding a. The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics used to maintain the desired characteristics of a line of organisms b. Many breeds of dogs are maintained by inbreeding c. It increases the chance for bringing together two recessive alleles for genetic defects, such as blindness or joint deformities

10 B. Increasing Variation 1. Breeders can increase the genetic variation in a population by inducing mutations, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability

11 2. Radiation and chemicals can increase mutations, inheritable changes in DNA 3. They can eventually produce a few mutants with desirable characteristics not found in the original population

12 4. Producing New Kinds of Bacteria a. Chances are increased for producing a useful mutant since they are small in size so millions can be treated once b. Hundreds of useful bacteria strains have been developed c. One bacteria can digest oil and are useful in cleaning up oil spills

13 5. Producing New Kinds of Plants 1. a. Drugs that prevent chromosomal separation are useful in plant breeding 2. b. Plants grown from cells with double or triple the normal number of chromosomes are called polyploidy 3. c. Polyploidy is usually fatal in animals, but plants can tolerate the extra chromosome sets 4. d. This can produce plants larger and stronger than the diploid relatives 5. Many crop plants use this, such as bananas and citrus

14 Section Assessment n Give one example of selective breeding. n Nearly all domestic, including horses, cats, and farm animals, and most crop plants have been produced by selective breeding. n How can a breeder increase the genetic variation? n Inducing mutations

15 Section Assessment n Suggest ways that plants could be altered to improve the world s food supply.