MULTIPLE CHOICE- Select the best answer and write its letter in the space provided.

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1 Form 1 Key Biol 1400 Quiz 4 (25 pts) RUE-FALSE: If you support the statement circle for true; if you reject the statement circle F for false. F F 1. A bacterial plasmid made of prokaryotic DNA can NO attach to the DNA of a eukaryote. 2. DNA replication begins before mitosis 3. Four (4) amino acids are translated for this entire gene sequence of mrna, A-U-G-C-C-G-A-A-U-A-A-C-U-G-A. 4. Inbreeding is useful to make food crops more uniform. 5. Sister chromatids are two different chromosomes attached to each other. 6. In the cell cycle, DNA replication takes longer than mitosis. MULIPLE CHOICE- Select the best answer and write its letter in the space provided. E 7. he number of different sex cells, sperm, produced by a man with AaBbcc genotype is: A. 16 D. 2 B. 8 E. none of these C. 3 D 8. A quantitative trait is: A. composed of multiple alleles. C. strongly influenced by environment B. highly variable in a population. D. all of these. E 9. In a dihybrid cross, the number of phenotypes that express one dominant and one recessive trait is: A. 9 D. zero B. 6 E. none of these C. 3 D 10. Which statement best describes the process of meiosis? A. only one set of all chromosomes goes into a gamete. B. genes are sorted independently while chromosomes do not. C. chromosome crossing over can lead to new allele combinations. D. both A and C are correct. E. all of these statements, A, B, and C, are correct. A 11. A mutation that occurs in a dominant gene to cause a new phenotype is called A. codominance D. a dominant allele B. incomplete dominance E. none of these C. a multiple allele B 12. he RNA polymerase enzyme binds to to begin transcription. A. an amino acid C. the triplet code B. the promoter sequence D. the ribosome D 13. If GGA is an anticodon for trna, then the triplet of DNA that creates the mrna for it is: A. UGA B. GA D. GGA C. ACU E. none of these

2 SHOR ANSWER- hree (3) points each. Show the use of a Punnett breeding square when needed An army officer serving in Iraq for the past 8 months gets a photo of his newborn son with the prettiest blue eyes. But wait. Both his wife and he have brown eyes! Was his wife unfaithful? How could two brown eyed people have a blue eyed son? bb = blue eyes B_ = brown eyes If Bb is Dad X Bb is Mom, then they can have a blue eyed baby. B b B BB Bb b Bb bb A breeder of black rabbits gets a yellow coat male rabbit. He knows that coat color is controlled by a single trait, but doesn t know if yellow is dominant or recessive. He breeds his yellow male to his best black female and gets 50% yellow and 50% black bunnies (hey re so cute!). How can he find out if yellow is dominant or recessive? 50% yellow to 50 % black means that it was a test cross of a heterozygous to a homozygous recessive. Breeding yellow to black will NO show anything, crossing yellow to yellow and black to black will. he Heterozygous mating will yield the recessive phenotype 1 in 4, then the coat color of the other 3 is dominant. Y y Y YY Yy y Yy yy he homozygous recessive will breed true and the other coat color will NEVER show up What does it mean for a trait to have multiple alleles? Can an individual carry more than two alleles of one gene? Explain using an example. More than just one dominant and one recessive allele can exist. here could be multiples of each, but no one can have more than two alleles and still be diploid. he ABO blood types of humans is an example of more than one dominant allele What is the relationship between phenotype and genotype? Genotype is the alleleic or gene makeup of an individual. Phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype. BONUS (3 pts). A really beautiful, super model has two boyfriends who both want to marry her. She wants to have children and figures her beauty will be passed on. She decides that her husband should be smart so her kids are both beautiful to look at and smart as well. Boyfriend John has an IQ of 120 while the other boyfriend Jerry has an IQ of only 90. She marries John because IQ has a heritability of 72% and John must have stronger intelligence genes than Jerry. Was this wise? Explain. Not really, intelligence is a quantitative trait. IQ is likely controlled by several genes and is strongly influenced by environment. John and Jerry may have had different educational experiences before their IQ test was given. Such tests may not be good indicators of specific heritability, but only relate to large generalized populations.

3 Form 2 Key Biol 1400 Quiz 4 (25 pts) RUE-FALSE: If you support the statement circle for true; if you reject the statement circle F for false. F 1. here are five (5) amino acids for this entire gene sequence of mrna, A-U-G-C-C-G-A-A-U-A-A-C-U-G-A. 2. Meiosis differs from mitosis by occurring only in tissues that produce reproductive gametes. 3. In the cell cycle, DNA replication takes longer than mitosis. 4. In incomplete dominance the heterozygous offspring have a unique phenotype. 5. Sister chromatids are two identical chromosomes attached to each other. 6. A reciprocal cross is used to determine if a trait is sex linked. MULIPLE CHOICE- Select the best answer and write its letter in the space provided. D 7. o begin transcription, the RNA polymerase enzyme binds to. A. trna C. amino acids B. the ribosome D. the promoter sequence D 8. A quantitative trait is: A. composed of multiple alleles. C. strongly influenced by environment B. highly variable in a population. D. all of these. E 9. If two (2) of four (4) offspring have a genotype of Dd, then the parent s genotypes were: A. dd and DD D. both A and C B. Dd and Dd E. both B and C C. Dd and dd A 10. A cell that begins mitosis with 46 chromosomes produces daughter cells with. A. 23 chromosomes C. 26 chromosomes B. 13 chromosomes D. none of these D 11. An allele is a A. protein D. gene B. chromosome E. none of these C. phenotype C 12. Which statement best describes the relationship of genes and chromosomes? A. genes are chromosomes B. genes are sorted independently while chromosomes do not C. genes are carried on chromosomes D. all of these statements are correct D 13. If GGA is an anticodon for trna, then the triplet of DNA that creates the mrna for it is: A. UGA B. GA D. GGA C. ACU E. none of these

4 SHOR ANSWER- hree (3) points each. Show the use of a Punnett breeding square when needed A breeder of black rabbits gets a yellow coat male rabbit. He knows that coat color is controlled by a single trait, but doesn t know if yellow is dominant or recessive. He breeds his yellow male to his best black female and gets 50% yellow and 50% black bunnies (hey re so cute!). How can he find out if yellow is dominant or recessive? SHOW a Punnett breeding square to get full credit. 50% yellow to 50 % black means that it was a test cross of a heterozygous to a homozygous recessive. Breeding yellow to black will NO show anything, crossing yellow to yellow and black to black will. he Heterozygous mating will yield the recessive phenotype 1 in 4, then the coat color of the other 3 is dominant. Y y Y YY Yy y Yy yy he homozygous recessive will breed true and the other coat color will NEVER show up If a male child has a sex-linked recessive trait for colorblindness and his father has normal color vision could his sister also be colorblind? SHOW a Punnett breeding square to get full credit. Only way for the son to inherit colorblindness is from is mother, who could have normal vision or be colorblind herself. Since the father is normal and the trait is X-linked, he can only give his daughters normal vision. hus, all the sisters will inherit his dominant trait and have normal vision Y X C X C X C X c Y X c X C X c X C Y X C Why might a mutation in the third nucleotide position of a codon be less likely to affect protein structure than a mutation in the first nucleotide position? he first two nucleotides are amino acid specific. A change in either one will change the amino acid coded for by trna. However, the third nucleotide is more variable and can still code for the same amino acid. his allows for multiple codons for the same amino acid during protein synthesis What is the relationship between phenotype and genotype? Genotype is the alleleic or gene makeup of an individual. Phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype. BONUS (3 pts). Pfeiffer syndrome is a dominant trait that causes the bones of the skull to fuse early in childhood resulting in a distorted head and face as the child grows. A heterozygous male has one child with the syndrome his homozygous normal wife is expecting their second child. What is the chance that the second child will also come down with Pfeiffer syndrome? he chance of having any child is always the same, 50%. If you had 6 in a row with Pfeiffer syndrome, the 7 th child is still 50%. p p P Pp Pp p pp pp

5 Form 3 Key Biol 1400 Quiz 4 (25 pts) RUE-FALSE: If you support the statement circle for true; if you reject the statement circle F for false. 1. New transgenic plants can be created using bacterial plasmids. 2. A diploid individual has cells with homologous pairs of chromosomes. 3. A testcross is used to determine if a trait is heterozygous. F 4. Mitosis differs from meiosis by occurring only in tissues that produce reproductive gametes. F 5. A dominant phenotype can have only one genotype. F 6. In the cell cycle, DNA replication takes longer than mitosis. MULIPLE CHOICE- Select the best answer and write its letter in the space provided. C 7. Which statement best describes the relationship of genes and chromosomes? A. genes are chromosomes B. genes are sorted independently while chromosomes do not C. genes are carried on chromosomes D. all of these statements are correct A 8. Which genotype would express a recessive trait (h) for a X-linked disease? A. X h X h D. both A and B B. X H Y E. all would, A, B, and C C. X H X h A 9. A mistake that occurs in a dominant gene to cause a new phenotype is called A. codominance D. a dominant allele B. incomplete dominance E. a mutation C. a multiple allele E 10. If all the offspring of a cross have a genotype of Dd, then the parent s genotypes were: A. dd and dd D. DD and Dd B. Dd and Dd E. none of these C. Dd and dd E 11. he number of different sex cells, sperm, produced by a man with AaBbcc genotype is: A. 16 D. 2 B. 8 E. none of these C. 3 D 12. If GGA is an anticodon for trna, then the triplet of DNA that creates the mrna for it is: A. UGA B. GA D. GGA C. ACU E. none of these D 13. A quantitative trait is: A. composed of multiple alleles. C. strongly influenced by environment B. highly variable in a population. D. all of these.

6 SHOR ANSWER- hree (3) points each. Show the use of a Punnett breeding square when needed A really beautiful, super model has two boyfriends who both want to marry her. She wants to have children and figures her beauty will be passed on. She decides that her husband should be smart so her kids are both beautiful to look at and smart as well. Boyfriend John has an IQ of 120 while the other boyfriend Jerry has an IQ of only 90. She marries John because IQ has a heritability of 72% and John must have stronger intelligence genes than Jerry. Was this wise? Explain. Not really, intelligence is a quantitative trait. IQ is likely controlled by several genes and is strongly influenced by environment. John and Jerry may have had different educational experiences before their IQ test was given. Such tests may not be good indicators of specific heritability, but only relate to large generalized populations What is the relationship between phenotype and genotype? Genotype is the alleleic or gene makeup of an individual. Phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype A breeder of black rabbits gets a yellow coat male rabbit. He knows that coat color is controlled by a single trait, but doesn t know if yellow is dominant or recessive. He breeds his yellow male to his best black female and gets 50% yellow and 50% black bunnies (hey re so cute!). How can he find out if yellow is dominant or recessive? SHOW a Punnett breeding square to get full credit. 50% yellow to 50 % black means that it was a test cross of a heterozygous to a homozygous recessive. Breeding yellow to black will NO show anything, crossing yellow to yellow and black to black will. he Heterozygous mating will yield the recessive phenotype 1 in 4, then the coat color of the other 3 is dominant. Y y Y YY Yy y Yy yy he homozygous recessive will breed true and the other coat color will NEVER show up What does it mean for a trait to have multiple alleles? Can an individual carry more than two alleles of one gene? Explain using an example. More than just one dominant and one recessive allele can exist. here could be multiples of each, but no one can have more than two alleles and still be diploid. he ABO blood types of humans is an example of more than one dominant allele. BONUS (3 pts). Why might a mutation in the third nucleotide position of a codon be less likely to affect protein structure than a mutation in the first nucleotide position? he first two nucleotides are amino acid specific. A change in either one will change the amino acid coded for by trna. However, the third nucleotide is more variable and can still code for the same amino acid. his allows for multiple codons for the same amino acid during protein synthesis.