Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

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1 Chapter Test A CHAPTER 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the term, number, or phrase that best answers each question. 1. How many chromosomes are found in human body cells? A. 11 B. 23 C. 46 D Which describes a gene? A. chromosome pair B. chromosome trait C. DNA segment D. haploid cell 3. How is an allele described? A. form of a gene B. one haploid cell C. part of a chromosome D. short segment of DNA Part B: Matching For each statement, check the box indicating whether the statement applies to mitosis or meiosis. Check only one box for each statement. Statement Mitosis Meiosis 1. Two sets of cell divisions occur. 2. The DNA of the resulting daughter cells are identical. 3. Gametes are formed. 4. Cell growth and repair is completed. 5. Potential evolutionary changes can occur more frequently. 24 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics CHAPTER 10 Unit 3

2 Chapter Test A CONTINUED Part C: Interpreting Punnett Squares Use the Punnett square below to respond to the following statement. T = tongue rolling t = unable to roll tongue T t T TT A t Tt B 1. Describe the genotypes of the two possible offspring labeled A and B in the Punnett square above. A. B. Use the Punnett square below to respond to the following statement. R = round seeds r = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds y = green seeds RY Ry RY Ry ry ry A B ry C ry 2. Describe the genotypes of the offspring labeled A, B, and C in the Punnett square above. A. B. C. Unit 3 CHAPTER 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 25

3 Chapter Test A CONTINUED Part D: Short Answer 1. Contrast the genetic makeup of offspring from sexual and asexual reproduction. 2. Contrast the genotype and phenotype of an organism. Part E: Concept Application 1. A gardener crosses a plant with white flowers and a plant of the same species that has red flowers. The offspring of these plants have white flowers. Infer how the observations of the gardener are an example of the terms recessive and dominant. Include the term F 1 generation in your discussion. 2. Apply For thousands of years, humans have bred different types of dogs, resulting in dozens of breeds with a wide diversity of traits. Dogs have 76 chromosomes. Why are so many different dog traits possible? Use the term genetic recombination in your answer. 26 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics CHAPTER 10 Unit 3

4 Chapter Test B CHAPTER 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the number, phrase, or sentence that best completes each statement or answers each question. 1. Which is a difference between meiosis I and meiosis II? A. Cytokinesis occurs during meiosis II but not meiosis I. B. Meiosis I has a prophase stage, but meiosis II does not. C. Meiosis II results in four haploid cells instead of two diploid cells. D. Nuclear membranes form during meiosis II but not meiosis I. 2. What is formed as a result of mitosis? A. four genetically different cells B. four genetically identical cells C. two genetically different cells D. two genetically identical cells 3. Which summarizes the genetic research completed by the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel? A. After years of research, Mendel identified the genes for flower colors. B. Mendel bred various dog breeds to discover the science of genetics. C. Mendel hypothesized that the offspring of pea plant traits are inherited. D. Using Punnett squares, Mendel developed the principles of genetics. 4. An organism with the genotype DD for a trait is A. heterozygous dominant. B. heterozygous recessive. C. homozygous dominant. D. homozygous recessive. 5. What is the probability that a cross between a heterozygous dominant yellow-seeded pea plant and a green-seeded pea plant will produce green-seeded offspring? A. 1:1 B. 1:2 C. 1:4 D. 1:8 Part B: Matching and Completion Matching Write the letter of the phase of meiosis I on the line next to each statement. Answers may be used only once or not at all. 1. Chromosome number is reduced from 2n to 1n. A. anaphase I 2. Two sister chromatids reach opposite poles of the cell. B. interphase 3. Homologous chromosomes become visible, condense, and form pairs. C. metaphase I 4. DNA is replicated. D. prophase I 5. Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equator. E. telophase I F. anaphase II Unit 3 CHAPTER 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 27

5 Chapter Test B CONTINUED Completion Write the correct term in the blank to complete each sentence below. 6. The number of chromosomes in a human body cell equals. 7. A segment of DNA is called a(n). 8. An Escherichia coli bacterium daughter cell inherits the exact DNA from its parent cell during the process of. 9. The passing of fur color from a parent leopard to its offspring is an example of. 10. A heterozygous pea plant is also called a(n). Part C: Interpreting Punnett Squares Use the Punnett square below to respond to the following statement. T = tongue rolling t = unable to roll tongue T t T A B t C D 1. Predict the genotypes of the four possible gamete combinations labeled A D in the Punnett square above. A. B. C. D. Use the Punnett square below to respond to the following statement. R = round seeds r = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds y = green seeds RY Ry ry ry RY Ry ry ry A B C 2. Predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the three possible gamete combinations labeled A, B, and C in the Punnett square above. A. B. 28 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics CHAPTER 10 Unit 3 C.

6 Chapter Test B CONTINUED Part D: Short Answer 1. Describe homologous chromosomes. 2. Explain the process of fertilization. Use the term chromosome in your answer. 3. Contrast dominant and recessive traits. Part E: Concept Application 1. Hypothesize An aquarium hobbyist wants to breed guppies with large, fan-shaped, red tails. The hobbyist has a large number of guppies with assorted tail colors and shapes in an aquarium. Write a hypothesis that explains how the hobbyist should proceed to breed a population of guppies with the desired traits. 2. A gardener crosses a snapdragon plant that has white flowers with a snapdragon plant with red flowers. All the offspring in the F 1 generation produce pink flowers. The gardener crosses two of the plants with pink flowers, and the snapdragon plants of the F 2 generation have red, white, or pink flowers. Infer reasons for the gardener s observations. Unit 3 CHAPTER 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 29

7 Chapter Test C CHAPTER 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the term, number, or phrase that best answers each question. 1. Which is the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell? A. 1n B. 2n C. 3n D. 4n 2. Which event occurs during meiosis II but not during meiosis I? A. cytokinesis occurs after the final phase B. haploid number of chromosomes line equator C. sister chromotids are pulled to opposite poles D. spindle apparatus forms inside the cell 3. Which is the ratio of pea plant offspring with green seeds if both parents are hybrids? A. 1:1 B. 1:2 C. 1:4 D. 1:8 4. Which causes genetic recombination? A. alleles B. crossing over C. genes D. hybrid crosses 5. How is polyploidy defined? A. extra chromosome sets B. frequency of crossover C. independently linked genes D. random allele assortment Part B: Matching and Completion Matching Write the letter of the correct meiosis I phase on the line next to its description. Answers may be used only once or not at all. 1. Crossover can occur frequently. 2. Homologous pairs are at opposite poles. 3. Proteins are synthesized. A. anaphase I B. interphase C. metaphase I 4. Spindle fibers guide separated homologous chromosome pairs toward opposite poles. 5. Homologous pairs line up at the equator. D. prophase I E. telophase F. anaphase II 30 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics CHAPTER 10 Unit 3

8 Chapter Test C CONTINUED Completion Write the correct term in the blank to complete each sentence below. 6. A DNA segment is called a(n). 7. Genetic variation can occur during meiosis because of the process of. 8. Offspring that are genetically identical to their parent are a result of the process of. 9. The possibility for either green or yellow seeds in pea plants is an example of possible. 10. The allele pairs of an individual organism are called its. Part C: Interpreting Punnett Squares Use the Punnett square to the right to respond to the following statement. 1. Describe the genotypes and phenotypes of the two parents that produce the four possible gamete combinations in the Punnett square. T = tongue rolling t = unable to roll tongue??? TT Tt? Tt tt Use the Punnett square to the right to respond to the following statement. 2. Discuss the probabilities of all the possible phenotypes of the F 1 generation represented by the genetic cross of the Punnett square. Part D: Short Answer 1. Summarize Mendel s research on the heredity of plants. R = round seeds r = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds y = green seeds RY Ry ry ry RY Ry ry ry Unit 3 CHAPTER 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 31

9 Chapter Test C CONTINUED 2. Explain Mendel s law of segregation. 3. Describe gene linkage. Part E: Concept Application 1. The color of rabbit fur can be gray, brown, white, or a mixture of black and white. A single gene determines the color for rabbit fur. Infer how the phenotype for rabbit fur is determined. 2. A cross between a homozygous, white-haired horse and a homozygous, black-haired horse produces offspring that all are the same color, but they are neither black nor white. Interpret the genotype and phenotype of the F 1 generation offspring. 32 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics CHAPTER 10 Unit 3

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