The Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants. Plant evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) genetics

Transcription

1 The Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants Plant evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) genetics

2 Developmental biology Evolutionary biology

3 Developmental biology Evolutionary biology Developmental,me

4 Developmental biology Evolutionary biology Developmental,me Evolu,onary,me

5 Why is development an important force in evolu,on? How similar are the genes that govern development in different organisms? What types of developmental gene,c changes underlie the evolu,on of form?

6 Why is development an important force in evolu,on? How similar are the genes that govern development in different organisms? What types of developmental gene,c changes underlie the evolu,on of form?

7 Natural selec,on constrains phenotype Charles Darwin Lots of ways to modify a pigeon, but only certain forms will be able to survive in the wild, i.e. naturally selected.

8 Natural selec,on constrains phenotype Charles Darwin Brassica oleracea

9 Charles Darwin Common descent constrains phenotype

10 Common descent constrains phenotype Charles Darwin DEVELOPMENT

11 Development constrains phenotype Stephen Jay Gould & Richard Lewon,n (1970 s onwards)

12 Development constrains phenotype Genotype

13 Development constrains phenotype Environment Genotype

14 Development constrains phenotype Environment Genotype Phenotype DEVELOPMENT

15 Development constrains natural selec,on Natural selection Seedling Sapling Adult DEVELOPMENT

16 Why is development an important force in evolu,on? How similar are the genes that govern development in different organisms? What types of developmental gene,c changes underlie the evolu,on of form?

17 The gene,c toolkit 1970 s and 1980 s discovered homeo,c genes in animals and plants that are conserved across wide phylogene,c distances. Hox genes specify segment iden,ty in animals MADS-box genes specify floral organ iden,ty in plants

18 Posterior Anterior

19 MADS-box genes in plants

20 MADS-box genes in plants

21 Why is development an important force in evolu,on? How similar are the genes that govern development in different organisms? What types of developmental gene,c changes underlie the evolu,on of form?

22 Evolu&on of leaf development

23 Chitwood & Sinha (2016)

24 Lycophyte microphylls Euphyllophyte megaphylls

25 Lycophyte microphylls Euphyllophyte megaphylls Floyde & Bowman(2006)

26 Lycophyte microphylls ENATION THEORY

27 Euphyllophyte megaphylls TELOME THEORY

28 Gene,c basis of seed plant megaphyll development KNOX in SAM ARP in leaf ini,als & vasculature Zhou et al. (2014)

29 Gene,c basis of lycophyte microphyll development KNOX in branching SAM ARP in leaf ini,als & vasculature (but a li/le overlap with KNOX in shoot meristems) Harrison et al. (2005)

30 Chitwood & Sinha (2016)

31 Brassicaceae leaf diversity Nikolov & Tsian,s (2017)

32 Kno$ed1 (kn1) Smith et al. (1992); Reiser (2000)

33 Image by Dave Jackson

34 Lepidium africanum Lepidium perfoliatum Bharathan et al. (2002)

35 Lepidium africanum Lepidium perfoliatum Bharathan et al. (2002)

36 Daucus carota Lepidium perfoliatum Bharathan et al. (2002)

37 Genes are oden reused and recycled for new func,ons. Trait evolu,on oden occurs through changes to where, when, and how much genes are expressed. Convergent trait evolu,on can involve parallel recruitment of the same genes.

38 Cabomba aquaaca: heterophylly

39 Cabomba aquaaca: heterophylly Chitwood & Sinha (2016)

40 Cardamine hirsuta: heteroblasty Berger et al. (2009)

41 Arabidopsis thaliana: heteroblasty Adult Juvenile

42 Rodriguez et al. (2014)

43 microrna Rodriguez et al. (2014)

44 microrna Rodriguez et al. (2014)

45 microrna Rodriguez et al. (2014)

46 microrna S U G A R Rodriguez et al. (2014)