Evolution (Chapters 15 & 16)

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1 Evolution (Chapters 15 & 16) Before You Read... Use the What I Know column to list the things you know about evolution. Then list the questions you have about evolution in the What I Want to Find Out column. K What I Know W What I Want to Know L What I Learned Life has evolved slowly on Earth. Certain organisms evolved in response to changes in their environment. Describe an adaptation of an organism that you see around you. How has the organism become better suited to its environment as a result of this adaptation? 1

2 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Section 15-1 The Puzzle of Life s Diversity 7-3b. Know the reasoning used by Charles Darwin in reaching his conclusion that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution. Skim Section 1 of the chapter. Write three questions that come mind from reading the headings and illustration captions Use your book or dictionary to define each term. evolution fossil Voyage of the Beagle Trace the route of the HMS Beagle on the map below. Label the Galapagos Islands. 2

3 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Section 15-1 The Puzzle of Life s Diversity 7-3b. Know the reasoning used by Charles Darwin in reaching his conclusion that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution. Voyage of the Beagle What was Charles Darwin s contribution to science? Darwin s Observations Summarize three observations Darwin made in his research aboard the HMS Beagle Identify two organisms from the Galápagos Islands and their distinguishing characteristics. Organism Variation 3

4 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Section 15-1 The Puzzle of Life s Diversity 7-3b. Know the reasoning used by Charles Darwin in reaching his conclusion that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution. Darwin s Observations 4

5 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Section 15-1 The Puzzle of Life s Diversity 7-3b. Know the reasoning used by Charles Darwin in reaching his conclusion that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution. The Journey Home I found this information on page What pattern did Darwin s observe among organisms of the Galápagos Islands? SUMMARIZE Who was Charles Darwin and why were his observations so significant? 5

6 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Section 15-3 Darwin Presents His Case 8a. Know how natural selection determines the differential survival of groups of organisms. Also covers: 7a, 7d, 8b. Skim Section 3 of the chapter. List the lines of evidence that support Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection. Use your book or dictionary to define each term. artificial selection fitness adaptation natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs 6

7 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Section 15-3 Darwin Presents His Case 8a. Know how natural selection determines the differential survival of groups of organisms. Also covers: 7a, 7d, 8b. Inherited Variation and Artificial Selection How is natural variation used in artificial selection? Give an example. Evolution by Natural Selection/ Summary of Darwin s Theory Identify the principles of natural selection Evidence For Evolution Identify ways scientists interpret relationships among species by completing the organizer below. Scientists combine data from to interpret relationships among species. 7

8 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Section 15-3 Darwin Presents His Case 8a. Know how natural selection determines the differential survival of groups of organisms. Also covers: 7a, 7d, 8b. Summarize the role that anatomy plays in teaching us about evolution by completing the table below. Type of Evidence Description Example homologous structures vestigial structures embryos SUMMARIZE selection. Discuss Darwin s different observations that led him to propose the theory of natural 8

9 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Chapter 15 Vocabulary Review Complete the puzzle by entering the term that matches each numbered description. Includes vocabulary from sections 15-1, 15-2, and

10 Evolution of Populations Section 16-1 Genes and Variation 7d. Variations within a species increases the likelihood that at least some members of a species will survive under changed environmental conditions. Also covers: 7c Skim Section 1 of the chapter. Write three questions that come mind from reading the headings and illustration captions Use your book or dictionary to define allele. allele Use your book or dictionary to define each term. gene pool relative frequency single-gene trait polygenic trait 10 Introduction Identify two important factors that Darwin was unable to explain without an understanding of heredity and identify the scientist(s) whose studies helped to clarify those factors

11 Evolution of Populations Section 16-1 Genes and Variation 7d. Variations within a species increases the likelihood that at least some members of a species will survive under changed environmental conditions. Also covers: 7c Variation and Gene Pools Define evolution in genetic terms. 11

12 Evolution of Populations Section 16-1 Genes and Variation 7d. Variations within a species increases the likelihood that at least some members of a species will survive under changed environmental conditions. Also covers: 7c Sources of Genetic Variation Identify and describe the two main sources of genetic variation in populations by completing the table below. Source Description Single-Gene and Polygenic Traits Label the two graphs to show which one represents a single-gene trait and which one represents a polygenic trait. EVALUATE Evaluate the significance of mutations to the process of biological evolution? (Hint: How does mutation affect genetic variation?) 12

13 Evolution of Populations Section 16-2 Evolution as Genetic Change 7a. Natural selections acts on the phenotype rather than the genotype of an organism. Also covers: 8c Scan the titles, boldfaced words, pictures, figures, and captions in Section 2. Write two facts you discovered as you scanned the section Write the correct vocabulary term in the left column for each definition below. random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations selection against both extreme phenotypes; selection favoring average individuals selection which shifts a population toward an extreme trait change in allele frequencies that occurs as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population selection against average individuals; selection favoring both extreme phenotypes Natural Selection on Single-Gene Traits Summarize the effect on the allele frequency for a trait given the effect of that allele on an organism s fitness by completing the table below. Effect of the Allele on Organism s Fitness Effect on the Allele Frequency for the Trait (choose from the following terms: increase, decrease, stay the same, disappear more than one may be used) trait made an organism less likely to survive and reproduce trait had no effect on an organism s fitness trait makes the organism more likely to survive and reproduce 13

14 Evolution of Populations Section 16-2 Evolution as Genetic Change 7a. Natural selections acts on the phenotype rather than the genotype of an organism. Also covers: 8c Natural Selection on Polygenic Traits Identify, describe and graph the three types of natural selection on polygenic traits by completing the chart below. Type of Selection Description Graph Genetic Drift I found this information on page How does genetic drift lead to a change in a population s gene pool? _ CONNECT Why is an understanding of the principles of genetics essential to understanding the principles of evolution? 14

15 Evolution of Populations Section 16-3 The Process of Speciation 8d. Reproductive or geographic isolation affects speciation. Also covers: 8a & 8b Skim Section 3 of the chapter. Write three questions that come mind from reading the headings and illustration captions Use your book or dictionary to define species. species Use your book or dictionary to define each term. speciation reproductive isolation behavioral isolation geographic isolation temporal isolation 15

16 Evolution of Populations Section 16-3 The Process of Speciation 8d. Reproductive or geographic isolation affects speciation. Also covers: 8a & 8b Isolating Mechanisms How is reproductive isolation related to the formation of new species? _ Compare and contrast the types of isolation by completing the table below. Type of Isolation Description Example Behavioral Geographic Temporal Speciation in Darwin s Finches Sequence the events that lead to speciation. 16

17 Evolution of Populations Section 16-3 The Process of Speciation 8d. Reproductive or geographic isolation affects speciation. Also covers: 8a & 8b CONNECT Suppose a rock slide isolates a very small number of animals from the rest of their population. How might this reproductive isolation impact the long-term survival of the new, smaller population? (Hint: Think of the role that genetic variation might play, both positively and negatively.) 17

18 Evolution of Populations Chapter 16 Vocabulary Review 18

Evolution Unit: What is Evolution?

Evolution Unit: What is Evolution? What is The Theory of Evolution? Evolution is, a change (in the genetic composition) of a population over time. on a larger scale, the entire biological history, from