(DBOT 01) M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER Firat Year Botany

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1 (DBOT 01) M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, Firat Year Botany Paper I - BIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY OF ALGAE, BRYOPHYTES, PTERIDOPHYTES ANS GYMNOSPERMS Time : Three Hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer any FIVE questions from Section A. Each question carries 8 marks. Also answer ALL the questions from Section B. Each questions carries 15 marks. SECTION - A (5x8=40 marks) 1. Bacillariophyta. 2. Phylogeny of chlorophyceae and charophyceae 3. General characters of bryophytes. 4. Life cycles in bryophytes. 5. Fossn pterideophytes. 6. Heterospory. 7. ovuliferous seales. 8. Cones of coniferales. SECTION B - (4x15=60 marks) 9. (a) Describe how the algae are used as food, fodder, fertilizer and in pharmaceutical. or (b) Describe the struture, reproduction and life cycles inphaeophyecae. 10. (a) Describe the development of sex orgons and process of sexual reproduction inbryophytes. or (b) Give an account of classification and evolutionary tendencies of sporophyte in bryophytes. 11. (a) Give an account on the classification of pteridophytes and add anote on fossil members of pteridophytes.

2 (b) Describe the evolution of stele on pteriodephytes. 12. (a) Describe the evolution of male and female gametophytes in living gymnosperms. (b) Give an account on the economic uses of gymnosperms. (DOBT 02) M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, First Year Botny Paper II - SYSTEMATICS OF ANGIOSPERMS AND PLANT ECOLOGY Time : Three hours. Maximum : 100 marks. Answer any FIVE questions from Section A. Each qquestion carries 8 marks. Also answer All the questions from Section B. Each question carries 15 marks. SECTION A - (5x8=40 marks) 1. Ethnobotany. 2. Chromosome number in Taxonomy. 3. Cytology in relation to Taxonomy. 4. Binomral system of nomenclature. 5. Biosphere. 6. Commensalism. 7. Ecological efficiency. 8. Non - biodegradable pollutants. SECTION B - (4x15=60 marks) 9. (a) What is phylogenetic system of classification? Who proposed this and what are the merits and demerits? (b) What are the rules and regulations of nomenclature and describe them in detail.

3 10. (a) What are the different vegetation types and describe the distribution of plants. (b) What is artificial system of classification? Who proposed this and what are the merits and demerits and also give a brief account of classification. 11. (a) What are ecosystems? Describe the various types of terrestrial ecosystems. (b) Write an essay on succession in plant communities. 12. (a) What is Phytogeography? What are the major divisions of phytogeography and also describe the different types of plant distribution. (b) Describe water and air pollution. What are the causes and remedial measures you popose in the above pollution? (DBOT 03) M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, First year Botny Paper III - CYTOLOGY, GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer any FIVE questions from Section A. Each questions carries 8 marks. Answer ALL questions from Section B. Each questions carries 15 marks. SECTION A - (5x8=40 marks) 1. Heterochromatin. 2. Synaptinemal complex. 3. Lamp-brush chromosomes. 4. Amphidiploids. 5. Complementary gene action. 6. Cytoplasmic male sterility. 7. Inportance of plant introduction. 8. Recurrent selection. SECTION B - (4x15=60 marks)

4 9. (a) Describe the ultra structure of nucleolus and its organization; how is it involved in the synthesis of r-rna. (b) What is a karyotype? How is it studied? Add a note on the significance of banding techniques in it. 10. (a) Write briefly on the different inversion heterozygotes and their meiotic behaviour. (b) What are autopolyploids? Discuss on the meiotic behaviour of an autotriploid. 11. (a) Write an essay on the chromosomal theory of sex determination in plants and animals. (b) What is a mutagen and how are they classified? Describe the mode of action of any two mutagens you have studied. 12. (a) Write briefly on the breeding methods of self pollinated crop. (b) What is hybridization? Describe the methods used in plant breeding with their signigicance. (DBOT 04) M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, First Year Botany Paper IV - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer any FIVE questions from Section A. Each question carries 8 marks. Answer ALL the questions from Section B. Each question carries 15 marks. SECTION A - (5x8=40 marks) 1.Choesion - tension theory. 2. Surface tension. 3. Km value of an enzyme. 4. Structure of PSI complex. 5. Transamination. 6. -oxidation of fatty acida.

5 7. Synthesis of ethylece. 8. Signal transduction. SECTION B -(4x15=60 marks) 9. (a) Write an essay on the recent theories explaining the mechanism of transporation. (b) Briefly discuss on water potential and its components. add a note on any one method of determining. 10. (a) Explain the mechanism of C 4 pathway. WhyC 4 plants are more efficient than plants? (b) Write an essay on pentose phosphate pathway and its significance. 11. (a) Describe briefly the mechanism of fixation by Rhizobia bacteria. (b) What are fats? Discuss on the role of malonyl Co A and falty acid synthase in the biosynthesis of falty acids. 12. (a) Write briefly on the mechanism of action of cytokinins inplants. Add a note on their role in agriculture. (b) Explain the role of phytochromes in plantmorpho genesis. (DPHY 21) Physics Paper V - ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND MODERN OPTICS Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer any FIVE questions. Allquestions carry equal mars. 1. (a) Show that the normal component of magnetic induction and electric displacement are continuous across the boundsry. (b) Explain the action of Fresnelís Rhomd. 2. Discuss in detail the phenomenon of dispersion in sbsorbing media on the bassis of electomagnetic theory.

6 3. (a) Discusss the characteristics properties of laser light. (b) Derive the condition for population inversion reuired for light amplification. 4. (a) Discuss the stability criteria of carfocal optical resonator. (b) Discuss the limitation line width due to rakiating decay. 5. Discuss n detail the various conditions to record different types of holograma. 6. Describe in detail the Red time and speckle interferometry. 7. (a) Describe the fundamental elements of an optical fiber communication system with the help of a block diagram. (b) Discuss the propagation of meridiard rays in a step-index optical fiber. 8. (a) Discuss the wave equations for graded index fibers and hence derive mode equations. (b) Discuss about the core-cladding losses in optical fibers. 9. Answer any TWO of the following: (a) Tatal Internal Reflection. (b) Ruby Laser. (c) LIDAR. (d) Intermodal dispersion. (DPHY 22) Physics Paper VI - NUCLEAR PHYSICS, MOLECULAR AND RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer any FIVE questions. All questions carry equal marks. 1. (a) Explain the multipole moments for point charges. (b) How do you determine quedrapole moment of deuteron? 2. (a) What are the properties of nuclear forces? (b) Explain in detail the inferences drawn from the experimental data of deuteron. 3. (a) Explain various types of nuclear reactions. (b) Obtain an expression for Q-value of the nuclear reaction.

7 4. (a) What are magic numbers? (b) Explain in detail the nuclear shell model. 5. (a) What are various interactions that exist among the elementary particlea. (b) Explain charge conjugation and space inversion invariance. 6. (a) What are block equations? (b) Obtion solutions for Block equtions for steady state conditions. 7. (a) Derive an expression for the separation between consecutive rotational lines in non-rigid rotator approximation. (b) Write down the applications of rotational spectroscopy. 8. (a) Explain energy levels, selection rules treating vibrating diatomic molecule as anharmonic oscillator. (b) What happens to the rotational constant of V=1 state in comparion to V=0 state of vibration rotation interaction takes place? 9. Write notes on any TWO of the following : (a) Meson theory of nuclear forces. (b) Semi-empirical mass formula. (c) Conservations laws among elementary particles. (d) PQR hranches in IR spectrum. (DPHY 23) Physis Paper VII - SOLID STATE PHYSICS - 1 Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer any FIVE questions. Allquestions carry equal marks. 1. What is co-ordination number? Determine the number of nearest neighbours and the nearest neighbour distance for monoatomic sc, bcc and fcc structures. Show that the atomic packing factors for fcc and hop metals are same. 2. (a) Derive Braggís Law for X-ray diffraction in crystals. Describe the principle of laueís diffraction method and explain the origin of Laue spots. (b) Describe the powder methos for X-rax diffraction. 3. Explain with suitable examples the ionic covalent, metallic and molecular binding in solids.

8 4. Derive the dispersion relation for the frequency of lattice vibrations for linear monoatomec chain. Discuss the long wavelength limit. 5. Describe the Einstein model of lsttice heat capacity. Discuss the successes and failures of this model. 6. (a) Explain in detail the free electron model in three dimensions. (b) Explain the Fermi function and sketch Fermi distribution functio for diffetent temperatures. 7. Describe the basic principles of Hall effect in semiconductors. Describe an experimental set-up for the measurement of Hall voltage. 8. Show that the product of electron and hole concentrations in a semiconductor is constant at a given temperature. How is the energy gap determind from the measurement of electrical comducctivity of a semiconductor. 9. Write note on any TWO of the following. (a) Structure of diamond and co-ordinates of the atoms in the structure (b) Experimental determination of elastic constants of solids. (c) Motion of electrons in a periodic potential well (d) Injection Laser. (DPHY 24) Physics Paper VIII - SOLID STATE PHYSICS - II Time : three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer any FIVE questions. All questions carry equal marks. 1. (a) What is meant by polarization of a soild? Explain polarizability of atoms and molecules. (b) Derive expressions for electric and ionic polarizability of a dielectric materials. 2. (a) Explain the behaviour of a dielectric material in an ac field. (b) Derive expression for the energy absorbed per second in a dielectric material when an ac field is applied. 3. (a) What are different types of point defects? Explain each of them. (b) Derive expression for the concentration of valancies in metallic and ionic crystals. 4. (a) Discuss the role of dislocations in the crystal growth of a solid.

9 (b) What is meant by magnetic susceptibility? Describe experiments set up to measure the magnetic susceptibility of a material. 5. (a) Distinguish between classical and quantum theory of Paramagnetism. (b) Discu the quantum theory of Paramagnetism. Obtain curies law for paramagnetic mateial. 6. (a) Explain the weiss theory of ferromagnetism. Obtain an expression for the wusceptibility of ferromagnetic material. (b) Explain how a saturation magnetization depends on temperature. 7. (a) Derive quantization condition of spinwaves. (b) Obtain Block T 3/2 law. Explain its validity. 8. (a) What is a ferrimagnetic material. Explain the structure of a ferrite material. (b) Discuss Nerrís theory of ferrimagnetic material. 9. What note on any TWO of the following : (a) Effect of crystal field on the paramagneitc properties of solid. (b) Determination of dielectric of a solid. (c) GMR and CMR materials. (d) Ferromagnetic domains. (DOBT 21) Botany Paper V - DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS AND ETHNOBOTANY Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks. 1. Megasporogenesis. 2. Seed dormancy. 3. Root stem transition. 4. Annual rings. Answer any FIVE questions from Section A. Each question carries 8 marks Also answer All the questions from Section B. Each question carries15 marks SECTION A- (5x8=40 marks)

10 5. Structural similarities of phloem and Xylem. 6. Biodiversity in cacred groves. 7. Threatened species. 8. Biofuel plants. SECTION B - (4x15=60 marks) Answer ALL questions. 9. (a) Give an account of the structure of the female gametophyte in angiosperms and add a note on the functions of its components. (b) Write in illustrated account of the exbryo development in dicots. 10. (a) Give an account of the Gymnoapermous wood and how it differs from that of the angiospermous wood. (b) Write an account of the anomalous secondary growth in dicots. 11. (a) What is a sacred grove? Mention the protected sacred groves of Andhra Proaesh and give the details of one sacred grove. (b) Write an account of the major medicinal plants of Andhra Pradesh you have studied. 12. (a) Write an essay on phytochemicals of commercial significance and give their medicinal inportance. (b) Give a brief account of the ethnobotanicalresearches in India and mention its significance in stregthnening the modern medicine. (DOBT 22) Botany Paper VI - MICROBIOLOGY, MYCOLOGY AND PLANT DISEASES Time : Three hours SECTON A- (5x8 =40 marks) Answer any FIVE questions. Maximum : 100 marks

11 1. Biological Control. 2. Citrus Canker. 3. Endospores. 4. Industrial uses of fungi. 5. Basidiocarp. 6. Plant disease indexing. 7. Erysiphe cichovacearam. 8. Whipsmut of sugarcane. SECTION B - (4x15= 60 marks) 9. (a) Discuss the role of microorganisms in the transformation of nitrogenous compounds. (b) Write a general account of control of plant viral diseases. 10. (a) what are the salient features of Ainsworths system of classification of fungi? (15) (b) Give an account of asexual and sexual reproduction in zoosporic fungi. 11. (a) Write briefly about the mechanism of entry of plant pathogens in to plants. (15) (b) Write briefly about mushroom cultivation. 12. (a) What are the symptoms for detection of ëdamping offí disease of vegetables? What are the causal organisms and factors affecting disease development? (15) (b) Discuss the symptoms, etiology and epodemiology of groundnut ruat. (DBOT 23) M.Sc. (final DEGREE EXAMINATION, Botany Paper VII - CELL BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks SECTION A- (5x8= 40 marks) Answer any FIVE of the following.

12 1. Structure if golgi complex. 2. Structure of ATP aynthase. 3. Principles of Phase contrast microscopy. 4. Cell surface receptors. 5. Explain Blenders experiment and its results. 6. Complementation test. 7. Alternate forms of DNA. 8. Messelson and Stahlís experiment. SECTION B- (4x15 = 60 marks) Answer any FOUR of the following. 9. (a) Write an essay on structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum. (b) What are transposons? and explain mechanism of transposition. 11. (a) Write an account on recombination mechanisms in bacteria. (b) Describe the evolution of gene concept. 12. (a) Write an account on DNA repair mecanisms. (b) Mechanisns of gene regulation mecanisms in prokarhotes. (DBOT 24) Botany Paper VIII - PLANT BIOTECHNOLIGY Time : three hours Maximum : 100 marks SECTION A - (5x8= 40 marks) All questions carry equal marks. Answer any FIVE of the following. 1. Composition of nutrient medium. 2. ganogenesis. 3. Secondary metabolites. 4. Synthetic seeds. 5. cdna libraries. 6. Dot blot technique.

13 7. RFLP. 8. Plants as bioreactors. SECTION B - (4x15 = 60 marks) Answer ALL questions. 9. (a) Give an account of use of cell cultures in isolation and selection of mutants for biotic and abiotic stress. (b) What is meristem culture? Give details of different types of meristem culture and their applications. 10. (a) Different between somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis. (b) Give details of protoplast culture technique and its applications. 11. (a) What is rdna technology? Give different steps involved in production of rdna molecules. (b) Give details of screening procedures to identify recombinants. 12. (a) Explain the role of biotechnology in agriculture. (b) Give details of Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer into plants.