1 Nutrition in Plants

Transcription

1 1 Nutrition in Plants Quick Peek 1. All living organisms perform some basic functions to keep themselves alive. These basic functions are called life processes. 2. All organisms require food to get energy for their growth and development. 3. The process of taking in food and its utilization by the body is called nutrition. Nutrition Autotrophic (can prepare their own food) Heterotrophic (cannot prepare their own food; obtain food from plants or animals or both) Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores (plant eaters) (meat eaters) (eat both plants and animals) 4. The process in which green plants make their food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll is called photosynthesis. 5. Carbon dioxide + Water Carbohydrate + Water + Oxygen 6. The non-green plants which live on other living organisms and obtain their food from them are called parasitic plants. The living organism from which a parasite derives its food is called the host. 7. The plants which live and feed on dead and decaying organic matter are called saprophytic plants. 8. The plants which eat animals, particularly insects, are called insectivorous or carnivorous plants. 9. The plants which live in association with other plants and share shelter and nutrients are called symbiotic plants. A. Multiple Choice Questions: (One mark questions) 1. The green coloured pigment in plants is (a) haemoglobin. (b) chlorophyll. (c) chloroplast. (d) xanthophyll. 2. Plants breathe through (a) stomata. (b) buds. (c) root hairs. (d) epidermis. 3. During photosynthesis, food is synthesized in the form of (a) proteins. (b) fats. (c) carbohydrates. (d) vitamins.

2 4. Which of the following is an insectivorous plant? (a) Sundew (b) Cuscuta (c) Cactus (d) Mistletoe 5. The end products of photosynthesis are (a) carbohydrate and hydrogen. (c) water and carbon dioxide. (b) carbohydrate and oxygen. (d) carbohydrate, water and oxygen. 6. Which part of a plant is called its food factory? (a) Seed (b) Root (c) Flower (d) Leaf 7. Which of the following is a parasite? (a) Cuscuta (b) Lichen (c) Pitcher plant (d) Fungi 8. Which of the following is not a life process? (a) Nutrition (b) Excretion (c) Reproduction (d) Respiration 9. The raw materials for photosynthesis are (a) nitrogen and oxygen. (c) oxygen and water. (b) carbon dioxide and water. (d) oxygen and carbon dioxide. 10. In cactus, photosynthesis is carried out in (a) leaves. (b) spines. (c) stem. (d) roots. 11. Which of the following is an example of symbiosis? (a) Algae (b) Lichen (c) Fungi (d) Cuscuta 12. During photosynthesis, (a) light energy is converted into mechanical energy. (b) chemical energy is converted into light energy. (c) solar energy is converted into chemical energy. (d) chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy. 13. What is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms? (a) Solar energy (b) Water energy (c) Muscular energy (d) Wind energy 14. Tiny pores on the surface of leaves through which gaseous exchange takes place are known as (a) guard cells. (b) stomata. (c) chlorophyll. (d) lenticels. 15. The process by which plants make their food is known as (a) photolysis. (b) photosynthesis. (c) respiration. (d) chemosynthesis. 16. Stomatal opening is surrounded by (a) epidermal cells. (b) chloroplasts. (c) guard cells. (d) chlorophyll. 17. Human beings are (a) autotrophs. (b) heterotrophs. (c) saprophytes. (d) parasites. 18. Insectivorous plants eat insects to overcome the deficiency of (a) nitrogen. (b) hydrogen. (c) oxygen. (d) energy. 19. Which of the following plants does not have variegated leaves? (a) Coleus (b) Money plant (c) China rose (d) Croton 20. Which of the following is a saprophyte? (a) Lichen (b) Cuscuta (c) Rafflesia (d) Mushroom

3 B. Fill in the blanks: (One mark questions) 1. All living organisms use to perform their life processes. 2. The green coloured pigment in plants is. 3. Green plants are called as they synthesize their own food. 4. During photosynthesis plants take in and carbon dioxide. 5. Parasites take food from plants or animals. 6. Stomatal opening is surrounded by cells. 7. Presence of starch is tested by solution. 8. The plants which get their food from dead and decaying matter are called. 9. Cuscuta absorbs food from host plant with the help of. 10. The prepared food is in the form of. 11. is the process of taking in food and its utilization by the body. 12. During photosynthesis energy is converted into energy. 13. Gaseous exchange in plants takes place through. 14. The food synthesized by plants is stored as. 15. During photosynthesis light energy is absorbed by a pigment called. C. Match the following: (One mark questions) Column A Column B 1. Cuscuta (a) Stomata 2. Carnivorous plant (b) Saprophyte 3. Plants food factory (c) Heterotrophs 4. Herbivore (d) Symbiotic 5. Iodine (e) Parasite 6. Animals (f) Cow 7. Exchange of gases (g) Leaves 8. Absorption of water (h) Pitcher plant 9. Lichen (i) Starch 10. Mushroom (j) Root hair D. State True or False and rewrite the false statement: (One mark questions) 1. Food is essential for all living beings. 2. Cuscuta is a saprophyte. 3. All plants are autotrophs. 4. Iodine solution is used to test the presence of proteins. 5. Minerals are absorbed through stomata. 6. Lichen is a parasite. 7. Leaves are the food factories of plants.

4 8. Insectivorous plants are heterotrophs. 9. Speech is a life process. 10. All mushrooms are edible. 11. All leaves are green in colour. 12. Carbon dioxide is a by-product of photosynthesis. 13. Plants store food in the form of sugars. 14. Money plant has variegated leaves. Find Out Corpse flower and bottle tree are two unusual plants. Why are they named so? E. Give one word/few words for each of the following: (One mark questions) 1. The basic functions which allow living organisms to live on earth 2. Substances which provide nourishment to living beings 3. Animals which eat the flesh of other animals 4. The process of taking in food and its utilization by the body 5. Animals that eat only plants 6. Organisms which live in or on the body of another living being 7. Pores through which leaves exchange gases 8. Plants which live and feed on dead and decaying organic matter 9. The process by which green plants prepare their own food 10. Plants having both autotrophic as well as heterotrophic mode of nutrition 11. Green plants which prepare their own food 12. Leaves with white and green patches 13. A parasitic plant with yellow, slender and tubular stem 14. The living organism from which a parasite derives its food 15. Mutually beneficial relationship between two or more organisms 16. Green coloured pigment present in leaves F. Give reasons for the following: (One mark questions) 1. Leaves are green in colour. 2. Cuscuta is known as a parasite. 3. Sundew plant eats insects. 4. Plants are known as autotrophs. 5. Leaves turn blue-black when iodine solution is put on them. 6. Photosynthesis is called so. 7. In cactus, leaves are modified into spines. G. Find the odd one out and justify your choice: (One mark questions) 1. leaf stem oxygen root

5 2. sunlight glucose water carbon dioxide 3. tiger wolf rabbit leopard 4. reproduction nutrition excretion respiration 5. money plant cotton spinach coleus 6. carbon dioxide oxygen sunlight chlorophyll H. Define the following: (One/Two marks questions) 1. Nutrition 2. Photosynthesis 3. Herbivore 4. Carnivore 5. Omnivore 6. Autotrophs 7. Heterotrophs 8. Symbiosis 9. Parasites 10. Life process 11. Variegated leaves 12. Saprophytes 13. Stomata 14. Heterotrophic nutrition 15. Host 16. Nutrients I. Differentiate between the following: (Two/Three marks questions) 1. Autotrophs and heterotrophs 2. Herbivores and carnivores 3. Saprophytes and parasites 4. Insectivores and carnivores 5. Cuscuta and fungi J. Write the function of: (Two marks questions) 1. Stomata 2. Haustoria 3. Guard cells 4. Chlorophyll 5. Spines in cactus K. Long answer questions: (Five marks questions) 1. What is photosynthesis? Write its chemical equation and also explain the role of leaves in photosynthesis. 2. Depending upon the mode of nutrition, what are the various types of non-green plants? Explain with suitable examples. 3. What is nutrition? Describe its types in detail with two examples of each type. 4. Describe an activity to prove that light is essential for photosynthesis. 5. Draw a labelled diagram of stomata and describe its structure and function. L. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) 1. Can we call insectivorous plants as carnivores? Why or why not? 2. Is reproduction a life process? Justify your answer. 3. Why are stomata generally found on the lower side of a leaf? 4. All meat is grass. Justify. 5. How will you test whether a leaf has photosynthesized or not?

6 M. Diagram-based questions: (One/Two marks questions) 1. Given below is a diagram. Identify and label it correctly. 2. Identify and label chlorophyll in the given diagram. N. MCQs based on Practical Skills: (One mark questions) 1. Two potted green plants of the same kind were taken to perform an experiment. One of them was kept in a dark room, while the other one was kept in sunlight for 3 4 days. A leaf from each of the plant was taken to perform the iodine test. (i) Which of the leaves turned blue-black in colour? (a) Leaf of the plant kept in the dark room (c) Leaves of both the plants (ii) What is produced during photosynthesis? (b) Leaf of the plant kept in the sunlight (d) None of the leaves (a) Proteins (b) Vitamins (c) Fats (d) Starch 2. An iodine test was performed using a variegated leaf of money plant. Some parts of the leaf showed positive result. Which colour was shown by these parts? (a) Grey-black (b) Blue-brown (c) Blue-black (d) Brown-black 3. What grows on a moist piece of bread? (a) Bread mould (b) Bacteria (c) Virus (d) Mushroom