SYLLABUS FOR CBCS B.Sc. SUBJECT: MICROBIOLOGY FROM: BOARD OF STUDIES IN MICROBIOLOGY VNSGU, SURAT.

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1 1 SYLLABUS FOR CBCS B.Sc. SUBJECT: MICROBIOLOGY FROM: BOARD OF STUDIES IN MICROBIOLOGY VNSGU, SURAT.

2 2 S.Y.B.Sc. Semester III MB 05: CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS 1.1 Definition of terms 1.2 Pattern of microbial death 1.3 Conditions influencing antimicrobial agent 1.4 Mode of action of antimicrobial agents Ref. Pelczar THE USE OF PHYSICAL METHODS IN CONTROL 2.1 Heat 2.2 Low temperatures 2.3 Filtration 2.4 Radiations Ref: Pelczar 2.5 Desiccation and Freeze drying Ref: Pelczar 2.6 Osmotic pressure Ref: Pelczar CONTROL BY CHEMICAL AGENTS Reference Pelczar Teaching Duration 11 Lectures 3.1 Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial chemical agent 3.2 Major groups of chemical antimicrobial agents: Phenol and phenolic compounds Alcohols Halogens OTHER CHEMICAL AGENTS Reference Pelczar Teaching Duration 11 Lectures 4.1 Heavy metals and their compounds 4.2 Dyes and Detergents 4.3 Quaternary ammonium compounds 4.4 Aldehydes 4.5 Gaseous sterilizing agents 2. Pelczar, M. J., & Chan, E. C. S. (1998). Microbiology, 5Ed., Tata-McGraw-Hill.

3 3 MB 06: BIOENERGETICS AND ENZYMOLOGY BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BIOENERGETICS 1.1 Energy and Work 1.2 The laws of thermodynamics 1.3 Free energy and reactions 1.4 The role of ATP in metabolism 1.5 The role of other high energy compounds in metabolism Ref. Stanier 1.6 Oxidation-Reduction reactions and Standard Reduction Potential NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES Reference Jain Teaching Duration 11 Lectures 2.1 Historical resume 2.2 Nomenclature and classification 2.3 Isoenzymes 2.4 Multienzyme systems 2.5 Biological roles of enzymes ENZYME STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS Reference Jain Teaching Duration 11 Lectures 3.1 Chemical nature of enzymes 3.2 Characteristics of enzymes 3.3 Three Dimensional structure of enzymes: RNase, Lysozyme and trypsin 3.4 Specificity of enzyme action MECHANISM OF ENZYME ACTION Reference Jain Teaching Duration 12 Lectures 4.1 Lineweaver-Burk plot 4.2 Energy mechanics of enzyme action 4.3 Michaelis-Menten Hypothesis 4.4 Active Site 4.5 Enzyme inhibitors Ref. Conn and Stumpf 4.6 Allosteric effects Ref. Conn and Stumpf 2. Jain, J. L., & Jain, N. (2006). Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 6Ed., S. Chand Publications. 3. Stanier, R. Y., & Ingraham, J. L. (2007). General Microbiology, 5Ed., Macmillan Press Ltd. 4. Conn, E. E., & Stumpf, P. K. (1987). Outlines of Biochemistry, 5 th Ed., John Wiley and Sons.

4 4 MB 07: VIROLOGY THE VIRUSES: INTRODUCTION AND GENREAL CHARACTERISTICS 1.1 Early developments of Virology 1.2 General properties of Viruses 1.3 The structure of viruses 1.4 Virus reproduction 1.5 The cultivation of viruses 1.6 Virus purification and assay 1.7 Principles of virus taxonomy VIRUSES OF BACTERIA AND ARCHEA 2.1 Classification of bacterial and archeal viruses 2.2 Virulent double stranded DNA phages Lytic & Lysogeny(Pelczar) 2.3 Single stranded DNA phages 2.4 RNA phages 2.5 Temperate bacteriophages and Lysogeny (Only overview) EUKARYOTIC VIRUSES-I 3.1 Taxonomy of eukaryotic viruses 3.2 Reproduction of vertebrate viruses 3.3 Cytocidal infection and cell damage 3.4 Persistent, Latent and Slow viral infections EUKARYOTIC VIRUSES-II AND SUBVIRAL INFECTIOUS PARTICLES 4.1 Viruses and cancer 4.2 Plant viruses 4.3 Viruses of Fungi and Protists 4.4 Insect viruses 4.5 Viroids and Virusoids 4.6 Prions REFERENCE:

5 5 S.Y.B.Sc. Semester III Practicals (45 days x 3 lectures each) 1. Introduction to various Laboratory Apparatus viz. Incubator, Hot air oven, Autoclave, Centrifuge, Colorimeter, ph meter, Inspissator, Anaerobic jar, Bacteriological filter assembly (Membrane, Seitz) 2. Isolation of bacteria by streak plate method 3. Isolation of bacteria by spread plate method 4. Isolation of bacteria by Pour Plate method 5. Enumeration of bacteria by Heterotrophic plate count method (TVC) 6. Cultivation of Anaerobic bacteria using Thioglycolate medium. 7. Effect of temperature on growth of microorganisms 8. Effect of ph of the medium on growth of microorganisms 9. Effect of osmotic pressure on growth of microorganisms 10. Action of antiseptics and disinfectants on bacteria 11. Lethal action of U.V. rays on bacteria 12. Lethal action of heavy metals on bacteria 13. Demonstration of lysis of bacteria by bacteriophage. 1. Patel, R. J., & Patel, R. K., (2000). Experimental Microbiology, Vol. 1, Aditya. 2. Patel, R. J., & Patel, R. K., (2001). Experimental Microbiology, Vol. 2, Aditya. 3. Cappuccino, J.G., (2005). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 6Ed., Pearson Education (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 4. Aneja, K.R., (2001). Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Tissue Culture and Mushroom Production Technology, 3Ed., New Age International Publishers.

6 6 S.Y.B.Sc. Semester IV MB 08: TAXONOMY OF PROKARYOTES MICROBIAL EVOLUTION, TAXONOMY AND DIVERSITY 1.1 Microbial evolution 1.2 Introduction to Microbial Classification and Taxonomy 1.3 Taxonomic ranks 1.4 Techniques for determining microbial taxonomy and phylogeny 1.5 The major divisions of life Archaea 2.1 Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Introduction 2.2 Introduction to The Archaea 2.3 Phylum Crenarchaeota 2.4 Phylum Euryarchaeota Bacteria-I 3.1 The Photosynthetic bacteria 3.2 Phylum: Spirochetes 3.3 Introduction to Proteobacteria (Include 2 Genus examples of each Class) 3.4 Order Enterobacteriales Bacteria-II 4.1 General introduction to The Low G + C Gram Positives 4.2 Class: Mollicutes, Clostridia and Bacilli 4.3 General properties of The High G + C Gram Positives REFERENCE:

7 7 MB 09: TAXONOMY OF EUKARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS and VECTORS THE PROTISTS 1.1 Distribution 1.2 Nutrition 1.3 Morphology 1.4 Encystment and excystment 1.5 Reproduction 1.6 Protist Classification: An overview (Table 25.2) 1.7 Super Group: Excavata 1.8 Super Group: Amoebozoa THE FUNGI (Eumycota) 2.1 Distribution 2.2 Importance 2.3 Structure 2.4 Nutrition and metabolism 2.5 Reproduction 2.6 Characteristics of Fungal divisions THE MICROALGAE 3.1 Super Group Chromalveolata Dinoflagellates Stramenopiles Haptophyta 3.2 Super Group Archaeplastida 3.3 Biological and economic importance of algae (Ref. Pelczar) MULTICELLULAR PARASITES AND ARTHROPOD VECTORS Reference Nester Teaching Duration 11 Lectures 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Arthropods

8 Mosquitoes Fleas Lice Tick Mites 4.3 Helminths Nematodes (Roundworms) Cestodes (Tapeworms) Trematodes (Flukes) 2. Pelczar, M. J., & Chan, E. C. S. (1998). Microbiology, 5Ed., Tata-McGraw-Hill. 3. Nester, E. W. (2007). Microbiology: A human perspective, 5Ed., McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math. MB 10: MICROBIAL ECOLOGY MICROBIAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 1.1 Foundations in microbial diversity and ecology 1.2 Carbon cycle 1.3 Nitrogen cycle 1.4 Phosphorus cycle 1.5 Sulfur cycle MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS 2.1 Mutualism 2.2 Cooperation 2.3 Commensalism 2.4 Predation 2.5 Parasitism 2.6 Amensalism 2.7 Competition 2.8 Microbial Ecology and its Methods: An overview MICROORGANISMS IN TERRESTERIAL ENVIRONMENTS : 3.1 Soils as an environment for microorganisms

9 9 3.2 Microorganisms in the soil environment 3.3 Microorganisms and the formation of different soils 3.4 Phyllosphere, Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane 3.5 Mycorrhizae 3.6 Symbiotic nitrogen fixation 3.7 Agrobacterium and other Plant pathogens MICROORGANISMS IN MARINE AND FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Marine and Freshwater Environments 4.2 Microbial adaptations to marine and freshwater environments 4.3 Microorganisms in marine environments 4.4 Microorganisms in freshwater environments S.Y.B.Sc. Semester IV Practicals (45 days x 3 lectures each) 1. Study of extracellular enzymatic activity : Amylase, Caseinase, Gelatinase, Lipase 2. Study of intracellular enzymatic activity : Deaminase, Decarboxylase, Catalase, Dehydrogenase (Resazurin indicator), Oxidase 3. Study of various biochemical tests performed for the characterization of pure culture of bacteria. 4. Pure culture study of E. coli and Klebseilla mobillis (formerly Enterobacter aerogenes) 5. Pure culture study of Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6. Pure culture study of Bacillus megaterium, B. subtilis, B. cereus 7. Pure culture study of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis 8. Identification of economical important fungi. (9 genera) (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Curvularia, Helminthosporium, Cunninghaemela, Fusarium, Alternaria) 9. Study of permanent slides of algae (Volvox, Spirogyra, Diatoms), Cyanobacteria (Nostoc, Anabena) and Protozoa (Amoeba, Paramoecium, Euglena). 10. Isolation of nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixing aerobic bacteria- Azotobacter spp. 11. Isolation of Rhizobium spp. from root nodules of legume plants 12. Isolation and identification of actinomycetes from soil 1. Patel, R. J., & Patel, R. K., (2000). Experimental Microbiology, Vol. 1, Aditya. 2. Patel, R. J., & Patel, R. K., (2001). Experimental Microbiology, Vol. 2, Aditya. 3. Cappuccino, J.G., (2005). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 6Ed., Pearson Education (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 4. Aneja, K.R., (2001). Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Tissue Culture and Mushroom Production Technology, 3Ed., New Age International Publishers.