6. REFERENCES. Spodoptera littoralis. Entomology Section, Central. References -127-
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2 6. REFERENCES Abbas, M. G ; Mostafa, S. A.; Abdel- Meguid, M. A.; Badr, N. A and Hosain, A. M. (1996): Susceptibility of the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (saund.) to some insecticides in different Governorates. Egypt, J. Appl. Sci., 11 (4): Abbott, W. S. (1925): A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Ent., 18: Abdel- Hafez, M. M; Mohanna. A ; El- Seekh, A and Farag. A. (1993b): Effect of IGR / insecticide mixtures on transaminase and phosphatase activities of Spodoptera littoralis. J. Product and Dev., I (2): Abdel- Hafez, M. M.; Mohanna A.; Afifi. M. A. and Eid A. H. (1993a): Effect of IGR/ insecticide mixtures on esterases activity of Spodoptera littoralis. J. Product and Dev., I (2): Abd-El-Rady, A. M. and Osman, S. M. (2005): Toxicological and biological effects of neem and jojoba oils on the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) in the laboratory. Egypt J. Agric. Res., 83(3): Abdul- Ghaffar, A. A; Japson P. C. and Ghaffar A. (1997): Effect of sublethal doses of cypermethrin and deltamethrin on the growth and development of Spodoptera littoralis. Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multlan, Pakistan. Journal of Zoology. 29(1): References -127-
3 Abo-El-Ftooh, A. A. (2004): Efficiency estimation of isolated bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis entomocidus against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) infesting sugar beet in comparison with two commercial bioinsecticides and insecticide profenofos. Annals. Agric. Sci., Moshtohor; 42(3): Abudulai, M.; Shepard, B. M.and Mitchell, P. L. (2003): Antifeedant and toxic effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) based formulation Neemix Reg.; against Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). J. Entomol. Sci.; 38(3): Ahmed, A. A. I.; EL-Sershaby, M. M. A.and Gesraha, M. A. (2007): Histopathological effects of two different Neem products on the mid gut tissues of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological pest control; 17(1/2): Aly, M. M. M. (1999): Bioactivity of certain plant extract of fam- myrtceae and other biocides in some pest attacking cotton cultivation. Ph. D. Thesis, Inst of Environ. Studies and Res., Ain Shams Univ, Egypt. Amr, E. M. (2001): Physiological and histopathological effects of Salvia aegyptiaca (L.) extracts on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological pest control 2001; 11(1/2): References -128-
4 Arnason, J. T; Philogene, B. J. R; Ponskov, N. and Kubo, I. (1987): Limonids from the meliaceae and cutaceae reduced feeding growth and development of Ostrinia nubilalis. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 43: Atalla, F. A. (2003): Effect of host plant on the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and mid- gut protein contents in larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Egyptian. Journal. of. Biological. Pest Control; 13 (1&2): Atalla, F. A.; EI-Zoghby, A. A and Eweis, M. A. (2001): Susceptibility of the three lepidopterous pests, Sesamia cretica (Led.), Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) to the bacterial biocide "Agerin "Egyptian Journal of Biological pest control' 11(1/2): Atallah, F. A.; Shoeb, M. A. and Abbas, M. S. T. (2003): Evaluation of Agerin, acommercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis against certain insect pests of cabbage. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control; 13(1/2): Ayyangar, G. S. G. and Raop. J. (1990): Changes in haemolymph constituents of Spodoptera litura (Fabr) under the influence of azadirachtin Indien J. Entomol; 52(1): Babu, P. B. S.; Nair, M. S. and Sumitha, B. (1997): Antifeedant and insecticidal effects of some plant extracts against castor semilooper. Achaea janata Linn. Journal of Insect. Sci., 10(2): References -129-
5 Badawy, H. M. (2000): Efficacy and cytotxic effect of bacterial insecticides on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Phthormaea operculella (Zeller). Bull. Ent. Soc. Egypt. Econ. Ser., 27: (41-53). Badr, N. A.; Mohamed, S. A. and Abdel-Haleem, S. M. (2000): Effect of seed oil extracts on the different developmental stages of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Egyptian, Journal of Biological Pest Control, 10 (1): Barnaby, M. A. and Klocke, J. A. (1987): Effect of azadirachtin on the nutrition and development of the tobaco budworm, Heliothes virescens (Fabr.) (Noctuidae). J. Insect. Physiol., 33 (2): Benesova, J. and Janda, V. J. R. (1991): Changes in the activity of phosphomonoesterases in relation to growth and metamorphosis of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera). Acta. Entomologicsa Bohemoslovaca, 88:1, Brem, B.; Seger, C.; Pacher, T.; Hofer, 0.; Vajrodaya, S. and Greger, H. (2002): Feeding deterrence and contact toxicity of stemona alkaloids a source of potent natural insecticides. Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry, 50 (22): Byrne, F. J. Bi- Jian, L; Toscano, C; Bi, J. L; Dugger, P. and Richter, D. (1999): Analysis of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides resistance in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando, Florida USA, Vol 2; References
6 Byrne, F. J. Toscano, N. G.; Dugger, P. and Richter. D. (2000): Levels of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide resistance conferred by insensitive acetylcholinesterase in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio, USA, Vol.2: D'Andrea, A.; Ambrosino, P.; Fogliano, V.; Gorgoglione, D.; Oliva, A. and Ritieni, A. (2001): A real way to obtain safe pesticides, Practice oriented results on use of plant extract and pheromones in integrated and biological pest control. Abstract of the Workshop held on Feb , 2001, Cario, Egypt. Desuky, W. M. H.; Khedr; M. M. A. Yousif Khalil S. and El- Shakaa, S. M. A. (2005): Field and biochemical studies on some compounds against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd). Egyptian J. Agric. Res; 83(3): Ekukole, G. (2006): Some effects of an EC formulation of azadirachtin on important cotton pests in Senegal. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 46(4): El-Aw, M. A. (2003): Bioassays and sublethal effects of various selected insecticides on some biological aspects of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Alex. J. Agric. Res; 48(3): References
7 El-Bandary, F. E. and Al-Khalaf, A. A. (2004): Laboratory studies of two commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) for activity against 1 st larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annals.Agric. Sci, Moshtohor, 42(3): El-Gengaihi, S. E.; Motawe, H. M.; Dimetry, N. Z. and Mohamed, S. M. (2002): Chemical and biological evaluation of neem fruits. Bulletin of the National Research Centre Cairo, 27(3); EI-Ghar, G. E. S.; Radwan, H. S. A.; El-Bermawy, Z. A. and Zidan, L. T. M. (1995): Inhibitroy effect of B. thuringiensis and abamectin on digestive enzymes and non-specific esterases of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lep., Noctuidae) larvae. Journal of Applied Entomology; 119(5); El-Halim, S. M. A. (1993): Bioactivity of Dipel-2X, a commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner against the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Egyptian J. of Agric. Res., 71 (1); El-Kattan, I. A. N. (1995): Physiopathological studies on the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella infected with microbial entomopathogens. Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. of Sci., Ain Shams. Univ., Egypt. References -132-
8 El-Lakwah, F. A.; Darwish, A. A.; Abdel-Wahab, H. A. and Shaalan, H. S. (1998): Susceptibility of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) to neemazal and some biological observations resulted from larval treatment. Annals of Agric.Sci, Moshtohot; 36(2): El- Lebody- Karima, A. (1998): Ecological studies on bollworms and effect of some new methods in their control. Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Moshtohor. Zagazig Univ. El-Meniawi, F. A.; Hushem, M.; El-Mesieri, S. M. and Rawash, I. A. (1999): Physiological effects of neem seed extract on the reproductive activities of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Alex. J. Agric. Res; 44(1); El-Sharkawy, M. A. A. (2006): The use of some natural products against eggs of black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, Hufn. and study their side effects on the efficacy of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens wost wood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, 44(2); El-Sheakh, A. A.; Mohamed, Z. A; Ahmed, N. A and Allam, S. M. (1990): Changes in phosphates and amino transferases of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis during course of insecticides poisoning Egypt. J. Appl. Sci; 5(4): References -133-
9 El- Sweerki, I. F. (1994): Integrated management of the cotton leafworm control with the minimizes environmental pollution by insecticide. M. Sc. Thesis, Institute of Environ studies and research, Ain Shams Univ, Egypt. Farag, M. (1981): Some biochemical studies on cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Egypt. Finney, D. J. (1971): Probit analysis 3 rd Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambrige, U. K, 318PP. Gaaboub. Ibrahim. A. (2004): Cyclic fluctuation of daily acetylcholinesterase activity in Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). moth. J. Pest. Cont. Environ. Sci; 12(1/2): Gad- Allah, S. Z. S. (2001): Evaluation of some plant extracts and bacteria for controlling the cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn) (Lepidoptera). Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. of Sci. Ain Shams Univ., 106pp. Gajmer, I. T.; Singh,.R.; Saini, R. K. and Kalidhar, S. B. (2002): Effect of methanolic extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) and bakain (Melia azedarach L.) seeds on oviposition and egg hatching of Earias vittella (Fab) ( Lep: Noctuidae). J. Appl. Ent. 126, Gamil, W. E. M. (2004): Production of some bioformulations and study of their efficiency on some physiological traits in some species. M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ., PP 135. References -134-
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