Laboratory and field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of Archips rosanus in Mazandaran province

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1 DOI: Linnaeus Berliner subsp kurstaki Dipping method Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck.Var novel B. thuringiensis EC bc ab c a B. thuringiensis Laboratory and field evaluation of for the control of in Mazandaran province R. PIROUZ1, M. R. DAMAVANDIAN2 and B. AMIRI BESHELI2 1- Graduated student; 2- Associate Professor; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Cultural Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Abstract In this study, the effects of Berliner subsp kurstaki on the larval stages of Linnaeus was investigated. Dipping method was used for bioassay in vitro and of the first and, the sum of second and third larval instars were shown to be 4480, 9010 and ppm, respectively. A semi-field experiment on the two-year Washington navel (Citrus sinensis(l) Osbeck.Var novel) plants with 5 treatments and water as the control was conducted in a completely randomized design. After data analysis, and of the first and the second instars larvae of 96 hours after treatment were 2130, and 2840, ppm, respectively. The most suitable range of concentration for controlling the first and second instars larvae was calculated 635, 4540 and 256, 5190 ppm, respectively. The field experiment was conducted in 3,000 m2 orchard of 30 hectares. In this experiment, four treatments namely, Malathion (2000 ppm), B. thuringiensis (0.5 and 1 percent) and water as a control compared with each other. The average number of alive larvae of on sample units trees in the first year had no significant difference, but in the second year on the trees for the control,b. thuringiensis (0.5, 1 percent) and Malathion 7 days after treatment,were 5.466a, 2.4c, 4.4ab and 3.266bc, respectively. Overall results showed that microbial insecticide has killing efficiency for the larvae in the orchards. Key words:,, Bioassay, Citrus orchard. Corresponding author: m.r.damavandian@gmail.com

2 (Linnaeus) Shikano (Lep.: Tortricidae) and Cory, 2014 Mafi Pashakolaee et al., 2014 B. thuringiensis Vatandoost, 2013 Aydogdu, 2014; Gu et al., 2014 Talaei-Hassanloei et al., 2014 AliNiazee, 1974 Kot, 2007 Spodoptera exigua Hubner B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Aramideh et al., 2006) B. thuringiensis var. B. Damavandian, 2007 thuringiensis thuringiensis var. kurstaki Spodoptera frugiperda Smith Karaca et al., 2010 (Knaak et al., 2010) B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Abedi et al., 2011) B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki Spodoptera exigua Banna et al., 2012) B. thuringiensis subsp kurstaki Mohamed Haggag and Mohamed, 2007 Aslam Khan, 2012 Berliner

3 Van Arc, 1983 P/PROBAN Finney, 1971 Citrus sinensis(l) Osbeck.Var novel. : Dipping method

4 SAS EC B. thuringiensis subsp kurstaki EC

5 B. thuringiensis Table 1. The results of laboratory bioassay of L1, L2 and L3 of treated with the different concentrations of The used dose The predicted mortality Larval stage (± SE) (ppm) (%) L (3 days after treatment) L2 and L (6 days after treatment)

6 P 0.05 P 0.05 P 0.05 P 0.05

7 p Table 2. The mean mortality percentage (±SE) of L1, L2 and L3 of treated with the different concentrations of Mean mortality percentage (±SE) Larval stage Dose (ppm) (hr) after treatment (hr) after treatment (hr) after treatment ±2.2a 18.2±5.3a 49.1±5.1a ±4.1ab 31.07±6.01ab 61.06±4.8a ±2.5bc 39.2±5.2b 74.7±5.04b L ±0.5c 48.9±9.2bc 83.09±3.01bc ±3.8d 59.9±5.1c 94.1±3.6c ±3.1a 22.8±7.1a 46.1±4.05a ±3.9a 31.7±2.8a 55.2±6.5a ±5.8ab 44.6±3.8b 72.2±5.4b L ±2.3bc 53.1±2.6bc 76.6±3.5b ±4.2c 59.3±4.4c 81.1±3.2b Mean with the same letters in mortality column are not significantly different Table 3.The and calculated for biopesticide, on L1 and L2 of (ppm) (ppm) Larval stage Time (hr) after treatment (95%CI) (95%CI) ( ) ( ) L1 72 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) L2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

8 Table 4. The mean comparisons of number of alive larvae of at three treatments (1%, malathion and control) by Duncan test at different sampling times (first year) Mean number of alive larvae (%mortality) Treatment 7d after treatment 14d after treatment Control 2.068±0.03a (0) 0.332±0.001a (0) Malathion 2.334±0.02a (32.99) 0.132±0.003a (53.14) 1.8±0.04a (17.59) 0.534±0.004a (35.20) Mean with the same letters in mortality column are not significantly different Table 5. The mean comparisons of four treatments (1%, 0.5%, malathion and control) by Duncan test at different sampling times (second year) Mean number of alive larvae (%mortality) Treatment After treatment ±0.07a 6.334±0.05a 5.466±0.05a 6.734±0.07a 6.8±0.06a 8.866±0.05a Control (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) 1.00±0.02c 1.666±0.02b 2.4±0.06c 2.466±0.03b 1.866±0.03b 4.798±0.08b Malathion (82.69) (72.39) (53.9) (61.56) (71.2) (26.64) 2.798±0.03b 2.668±0.02b 4.4±0.04ab 3.132±0.03b 2.536±0.04b 5.4±0.04b 0.5% (56.78) (60.52) (24.55) (56.4) (5.05) (26.28) 2.534±0.02bc 2.666±0.03b 3.266±0.05bc 2.134±0.02b 2.202±0.05b 3.4±0.04c 1% (56.15) (55.82) (32.28) (66.74) (66.01) (48.02) Mean with the same letters in mortality column are not significantly different Table 6. The mean comparisons of four treatments (1%, 0.5%, malathion and control) by Duncan test at sampling dates (21, 29 and 35 days after treatment) (sampling unit = 50 cm sprout) Time (days) after treatment Treatment Mean Control 25.60±3.5a 0.5% ±1.7b 21 1% ±2.3c Malathion ±3.1c Control ±3.8a 0.5% ±2.4a 29 1% ±3.2b Malathion 9.932±1.9b Control ±2.5a 0.5% 10.2±3.1b 35 1% 6.066±2.2c Malathion 3.532±0.9c Hyphantria cunea Durry (Saruhan et al., 2014) Yezza and Tyagi (2006)

9 Khalil Arya et al., 1998 Mashhadi Jafarloo and Danyali, 1998 Boulton (2003) Vatandoost (2013) Ennomus qurecinaria (Haufnagel) huringiensis var Kurstaki Ennomus qurecinaria S. exigua (Hübner) Ferro and Lopez Javvi et al. (2005) (1995) El-Banna et al., 2012) Aramideh et al. (2006) Karimzadeh Esfahani et al., Knaak et al. (2010) 2012 B. thuringiensis thuringiensis B. thuringiensis kurstaki Spodoptera frugiperda

10 Ferrari and Trevisan, 1978 A.rosanus AliNiazee, Vatandoost, 2013 Mascarenhas and Luttrell, 1997 Yezza and Tyagi, 2006; Ibrahim et al., 2010 B. thuringiensis

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