INTERNAL STRUCTURE Cytoplasmic membrane peripheral integral
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1 INTERNAL STRUCTURE Cytoplasmic membrane Under the cell wall and generally same structure with bacteria It consists of two layers On the surface of periplasmic space and cytoplasm, protein and phospholipid Hydrophobic ends of the phospholipid takes place in internal region It exists in two forms as membrane proteins peripheral and integral
2 Cytoplasmic membrane Function It surrounds and protects to cytoplasm It allows selective permeability and osmosis It includes enzymes: Cytochrome enzymes Official enzymes in lipid synthesis Official enzyme in cell wall synthesis TCA enzymes DNA replicase enzymes Regulates the activities (hydrolytic and energy metabolism) of some enzymes Participate in DNA replication Constitutes the origin of mesosom Plays a role in cell division and sporulation
3 Cytoplasmic membrane Selective permeability and transport Passive transport (diffusion) Slow, no need for energy Play a role the concentration, electrical and pressure differences Active transport The passage of large molecules Need for energy Carrier proteins are involved (enzymes, enzymes permease) E.g. : galactosidase system for lactose Phosphotransferase system acts in transition membrane
4 Cytoplasma It consist of liquid, organic and inorganic materials Mesosom It is originated from cytoplasmic membrane Vesicles or lamellar in style and opens periplasmic space Takes part in replication and some transport processes Ribosome It consists of RNA and protein It sizes 70 S (50+30) Numerous in which growing bacteria It is involved synthesis of proteins and enzymes Nucleotide DNA, double-stranded helix
5 Cytoplasmic granules Volutin (Babes-Ernst) granules Structure in polymerized inorganic metaphosphate (polymetaphosphate) Source of energy and phosphate It is shown by Neisser and Albert staining Lipid granules The structure in oil particles (polibetahidroksibütirat) The source of Carbon and energy It is shown with Sudan black Polysaccharide granules Structure of glucose homo or heteropolymer The source of carbon and energy Sulfur granules It is found in Sulfur bacteria
6 Extrachromosomal genetic elements (Plasmid, Episome, Transposon) Phage Gas vacuoles Crystals Endospor Pigment
7 Endospor When reduced food sources in their environment, some bacteria (e.g.; B. anthracis, B. Subtilis, C. tetani, C. Botulinum) occurs endospores which is resistant against physical (frost, dry, heat) and chemical effects (toxic substances) to protect themselves Spores structures is too durable that even isolated from 3000 years soil samples
8 Endospores can be oval or round Spores may be appropriately sized to the diameter of the cell or may be greater than diamater of the cell (e.g.; Clostridium species, appear as the drumstick) Endospores are stained by special staining methods such as Modified Ziehl-Neelsen According to bacterial species endospores positions are shown in three ways : Central Subterminal Terminal
9 1: Central endospor (smaller than the diameter bacillus) 2-5: Terminal endospor 3: Subterminal endospor 4: Central endospor (greater than the diameter bacillus) 6: lateral endospor Locations of endospores in bacteria
10 Endospor Structure (from inside Cytoplasm to out) Cytoplasmic membrane of spore Cell Wall of spore Cortex Outer membrane (dipicolinic acid, DPA) Exosporium
11 Sporulation Developing spores is called "Sporulization", and the developed spores' process to get vegetative forms are called "germination". Endotrophic and egsotrophic sporulation Spor-vegetatif basil Activation, germination, extending outward
12
13 Clostridium botulinum(terminal)
14 Clostridium tetani(terminal)
15 Bacillus anthracis(central)
16 Pigment Photosynthethic pigments Non- Photosynthethic pigments Water soluble (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) Pyosiyanin Fluoresin Water insoluble (Sarcina lutea, S.aureus, M.tuberculosis) According to the structure; Carotenoids Anthocyanins Melanins Phenazines Quinones Pyrroles Others
17 Chemical Structure of Bacteria Inorganic Matters Water- vegetative 70-90%, spor 5-20% C, H, O, N, Cinder Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Co Cu, Al, Zn, Mo Organic Matters Protein Carbohydrate Lipid NA Others
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