E. coli ETEC ETEC EPEC (AAEC) normal ETEC

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1 E. coli normal Virotype Enterotoxic Enteroaggregative Enteropathogenic Enterohemorrhagic Enteroinvasive Necrotoxic Virulence factor pili,, LT, ST ST a,b bundle forming pili,, EAST effacing enteroadherence SLT, effacing enteroadherence invasins,, no SLT fimbria,, CNF-1, -2 Disease Diarrhea Diarrhea Diarrhea Diarrhea, dysentery, HUS Diarrhea, dysentery Diarrhea, septicemia ETEC Hemolytic or non-hemolytic Small intestine only Colonize via fimbria suckling: K88, 987P, K99, F41 weaned: K88, F18ac (2134P) Secrete enterotoxin(s) LT adenylate cyclase - camp Sta guanylate cyclase - cgmp STb cytotoxic,, but causes villus stunting, enterocyte damage at villus tips EPEC (AAEC) 1-66 weeks of age, uncommon Classic AE lesion Small and large intestine eae gene product 94 kd protein intimin verotoxin negative ETEC ETEC 1

2 Hallmarks Attach, intoxicate: ETEC, EAggEC,, NTEC Attach, efface: EPEC Attach, efface, intoxicate: EHEC Attach, efface, enter: EIEC ETEC Atrophic Enteritis TGE virus Rotavirus groups A, B, C Coccidia (Isospora suis) Chlamydophila Porcine enteric calicivirus Norovirus Sapovirus Astrovirus Parvovirus (crypt cells) Transmissble Gastroenteritis Coronavirus; ; infects all ages of pigs Replicates in small intestinal villous epithelial cells Cells swell and rupture or slough; 36 hours! Viral shedding in feces Most shed in first 36 hours Shedding usually ceases in 2 weeks Reported up to 104 days P.I. TGE TGE 2

3 TGE Normal TGE Isospora suis most common in pigs from 5 days to 4 weeks-of of-age rarely occurs in older pigs (Eimeria( debliecki) I. suis replicates through 2 sequential asexual cycles (schizogeny( schizogeny) ) and 1 sexual cycle (gametogeny)) in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in the small intestine moderate to severe atrophic enteritis bright yellow fibrinous mucosal pseudomembrane,, can be removed with gentle scraping to reveal a glistening mucosa beneath Isospora suis 3

4 Isospora suis Isospora suis Clostridium perfringens type C less than 1 week of age some pigs may survive initially, but tend to grow poorly and die by 2 3 weeks-of of-age present in small numbers in sow feces out-compete normal flora C. perfringens strains in gut segmental transmural necrohemorrhagic enteritis with subserosal and intramural emphysema Clostridium perfringens C Clostridium perfringens C Clostridium perfringens C 4

5 Clostridium perfringens C Clostridium perfringens C Clostridium perfringens type A 1-4 days of age High morbidity, low mortality Overgrowth of organisms in lumen Enterotoxin beta2 No gross lesions Neutrophilic infiltrate and volcano-like like eruption inileum? Clostridium perfringens C Clostridium difficile neonates; startup herds, low parity dams high morbidity average 10% loss of condition at weaning, not recovered in grow-out out period pasty, yellow colonic contents; constipation, obstipation gross lesions ascities,, subcutaneous edema mesocolonic edema, necrotizing colitis microscopic lesions erosive colitis w/ volcanic exudation 5

6 Clostridium difficile Proliferative Enteritis Lawsonia intracellularis (Ileal symbiont intracellularis,, CLO) pigs, foals, foxes, ferrets, hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs Proliferative ileitis, adenomatosis,, necrotic ileitis and/or typhylocolitis,, hemorrhagic enteritis Obligate intracellular bacterium Koch s postulates fulfilled: in SPF pigs in gnotobiotic pigs with addition of Bacteroides vulgaris and E. coli PPE 6

7 PPE PPE PPE PPE PPE PPE 7

8 PPE PPE PPE PPE Brachyspira sp. in Swine Organism ß Hem. # A.F. Disease B. hyodysenteriae S 7-14 Swine Dysentery B. intermedia W 7-14 Nonpathogenic B. innocens W 7-14 Nonpathogenic B. murdochii W 7-14 Nonpathogenic B. pilosicoli W 4-6 Intestinal Spirochetosis 8

9 Brachyspira hyodysentriae Brachyspira hyodysentriae Colonic Spirochetosis Brachyspira hyodysentriae weaned to adult pigs affects humans (potentially zoonotic), non-human primates, pigs, dogs, guinea pigs, opossums, wild and domesticated fowl Serpulina pilosicoli (Anguillina coli) genetically distinct from B. hyodysenteriae and B. innocens weak beta hemolysis, indole negative; hydrolyze hippurate 4-66 axial fibrils (vs. 7-14) 7 mild fibrinous colitis colonize surface of mature colonic epithelium heavy perpendicular growth brush border Brachyspira pilosicoli Brachyspira pilosicoli 9

10 Colitis cystica Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella typhimurium 10

11 Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella typhimurium Prolaps Salmonella typhisuis Trichuris suis 11

12 Trichuris suis Trichuris suis Warfarin Warfarin Inguinal hernia Small intestinal volvulus 12

13 Small intestinal volvulus Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome Colocecal volvulus Colocecal volvulus Colocecal volvulus Melena gastric ulcer 13

14 Hypervitaminosis D Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium 14

15 Melioidosis Mycobacterium avium Zoonotic infection caused by the Gram negative bacteria, Burkholderia pseudomallei South-east Asia and North Australia, South pacific In humans, infection is spread via direct contact with broken skin, inhalation, or by ingestion, occurs mainly in severely immune compromised patients Both domestic and wild animals Variation in host susceptibility Location of lesions: associated with route of infection Multiple abscesses, orchitis Non specific clinical signs Public health problem Definite diagnosis of melioidosis: : bacterial culture Melioidosis Melioidosis Melioidosis Melioidosis 15

16 Ascaris suum Ascaris suum Macrocanthyrhynchus hirudinae Liver Pseudorabies 16

17 Salmonella choleraesuis Listeria monocytogenes Ascaris suum Ascaris suum Toxic Hepatopathy Xanthium toxicosis (Cocklebur) Gossypol toxicosis Hepatosis dietetica Vit.. E/Se deficiency Coal Tar toxicity Aflatoxicosis (>1200ppm) Fumonosin toxicosis (>80ppm) Stephanurus dentatus 17

18 Hepatosis dietetica Hepatosis dietetica Cocklebur intoxication Cocklebur intoxication Aflatoxicosis Aflatoxicosis 18

19 Aflatoxicosis PMWS PMWS 19