Advantages of using GARR During Extreme Rain Events
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1 Advantages of using GARR During Extreme Rain Events Charles Yost Meteorologist Rainfall Analyst OneRain Incorporated
2 Importance of Understanding Rainfall Saving lives and property Flash floods, dam failures Engineering Hydrologic modeling Stormwater management
3 Outline Advantages of using Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall (GARR) during Extreme Rain Events What is Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall? Why adjust it? What are some advantages of using it during extreme events? Evaluation of the validity of rain gauge reports Understanding rainfall patterns in non-gauged areas Basin average intensities
4 Outline Advantages of using Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall (GARR) during Extreme Rain Events What is Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall? Why adjust it? What are some advantages of using it during extreme events? Evaluation of the validity of rain gauge reports Understanding rainfall patterns in non-gauged areas Basin average intensities
5 Outline Advantages of using Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall (GARR) during Extreme Rain Events What is Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall? Why adjust it? What are some advantages of using it during extreme events? Evaluation of the validity of rain gauge reports Understanding rainfall patterns in non-gauged areas Basin average intensities
6 Outline Advantages of using Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall (GARR) during Extreme Rain Events What is Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall? Why adjust it? What are some advantages of using it during extreme events? Evaluation of the validity of rain gauge reports Understanding rainfall patterns in non-gauged areas Basin average intensities
7 Outline Advantages of using Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall (GARR) during Extreme Rain Events What is Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall? Why adjust it? What are some advantages of using it during extreme events? Evaluation of the validity of rain gauge reports Understanding rainfall patterns in non-gauged areas Basin average intensities
8 Extreme Rain Event Example 2013 Colorado Flood event 9 fatalities 14 counties declared States of Emergencies 19+ counties impacted $2 - $3 Billion in damages
9 Extreme Rain Event Example 2013 Colorado Flood event Roughly 9/9/2013 to 9/15/2013 Over 191 gauges between UDFCD and Boulder County Foothills west of urban corridor Some antecedent conditions Rain after the event Rain ingredients present for long time
10 Reminder: Ingredients for Rain 1. Moisture 2. Lift 3. Instability
11 Tropical-Like in nature Extremely moist atmosphere More moisture than 99.9% of days in CO 1. Moisture
12 2. Lift 1. This is what triggers the rain Thus, WHERE the rain will occur Upslope flow (pic) Mountains don t move so Localize enhancement 2. Courtesy: EIU
13 3. Instability
14 Overview of Storm Larimer Sept 9, 2013 County Upper Low over Las Vegas pumping S/SW moisture Storms start forming that afternoon Boulder 9 pm LST cold front County moves down Denver County
15 Overview of Storm Larimer Sept 10, 2013 County Upper Low remains over SW US Feature moves north along foothills Second following Boulder behind it County Denver County
16 Overview of Storm Larimer Sept 11, 2013 County Low still north of Las Vegas Wave headed north from New Mexico into CO Boulder Several disturbances County move through NE CO Denver County
17 Overview of Storm Larimer Sept 12, 2013 County Low still north of Las Vegas Low-level moisture Boulder County Denver County
18 Overview of Storm Larimer Sept 13, 2013 County Low moving into WY Winds almost westerly means less moisture Rains continue through most of Friday Boulder Low ejects out County Saturday Denver County
19 Overview of Storm
20 Outline Advantages of using Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall (GARR) during Extreme Rain Events What is Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall? Why adjust it? What are some advantages of using it during extreme events? Evaluation of the validity of rain gauge reports Understanding rainfall patterns in non-gauged areas Basin average intensities
21 Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall Over 140 radars throughout country Send and receive pulses Just like detecting planes, can detect rain But COMET Program - UCAR
22 Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall Radar detects amount of water Does NOT detect rain directly Can convert to rain rate using: Z = ar b Still issues COMET Program - UCAR
23 Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall GAUGES: accurate measurements at point locations RADAR: coverage between gauges Calibrate using co-location of point measurement and radar value Combining these data sources gives us the best rainfall estimate available
24 Outline Advantages of using Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall (GARR) during Extreme Rain Events What is Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall? Why adjust it? What are some advantages of using it during extreme events? Evaluation of the validity of rain gauge reports Understanding rainfall patterns in non-gauged areas Basin average intensities
25 GARR Usages: Adjustment Use default conversion to rainfall rate Colorado isn t perfect Mountains, virga, ground clutter This storm was tropical-like (moisture) in nature Different conversion Don t know until you re in the event
26 GARR Usages: Adjustment Adjusted GARR Raw Radar Difference _ = (Standard Conversion)
27 Outline Advantages of using Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall (GARR) during Extreme Rain Events What is Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall? Why adjust it? What are some advantages of using it during extreme events? Evaluation of the validity of rain gauge reports Understanding rainfall patterns in non-gauged areas Basin average intensities
28 GARR Usage: Evaluate Reports Using Gauge-Adjusted Radar Rainfall to evaluate the validity of missed gauge reports
29 GARR Usage: Evaluate Reports 1.6 Surrounding Gauges + Sunset Logan Mill Gold Hill Sunset :00 20:15 20:30 20:45 21:00 21:15 21:30 21:45 22:00 22:15 22:30 22:45 23:00
30 GARR Usage: Evaluate Reports 1.6 Surrounding Gauges Logan Mill Gold Hill GARR GARR pixel value over gauge 0 20:00 20:15 20:30 20:45 21:00 21:15 21:30 21:45 22:00 22:15 22:30 22:45 23:00
31 GARR Usage: Evaluate Reports 1.2 Sunset Gauge Without Report Without Report With Report With Report GARR :00 20:15 20:30 20:45 21:00 21:15 21:30 21:45 22:00 22:15 22:30 22:45 23:00
32 GARR Usage: Evaluate Reports 1.2 Rain Gauge with GARR Insert GARR for this range Sunset no report Sunset with report Sunset+Garr :00 20:15 20:30 20:45 21:00 21:15 21:30 21:45 22:00 22:15 22:30 22:45 23:00
33 GARR Usages: Evaluate Reports Using Basin Average over Four Mile Canyon or pixel value over gauges Rain Gauge with GARR Assess 1.2 failed validation against: 1 Volume during that time 0.8 Basin-average volume Sunset no report Sunset with report Sunset+Garr :00 20:15 20:30 20:45 21:00 21:15 21:30 21:45 22:00 22:15 22:30 22:45 23:00
34 GARR Usage: Understanding Rainfall UDFCD and Boulder County have extensive rain gauge networks Still impossible to estimate rainfall over every point Hard to interpolate point measurements to spatial info
35 GARR Usages: Understanding Rainfall in in in in
36 GARR Usage: Basin Intensities Historical radar can provide context Compare this event to all past September storms
37 Conclusions The Colorado September 2013 flood event was a large and devastating event High rainfall rates for over 5 days Radar alone did a poor job at best Gauges alone had missing data GARR is the best representation of rainfall during an extreme event like this
38 Thank you! Questions? OneRain Incorporated
39 GARR Usages: Adjustment Adjusted GARR Raw Radar Difference _ = (Tropical Conversion)
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