777 Neptune Groundschool Weather reporting & forecasts

Transcription

1 777 Neptune Groundschool 2018 Weather reporting & forecasts

2 Weather Reporting Weather Forecast is a prediction of what the weather conditions will be in the future Weather Report tells the reader of what the current weather is As a pilot it is important to update yourself with how the weather in the air is and will be 2 ways of weather reporting are thru METAR and TAF

3 METAR and TAF

4 Weather Reporting - METAR An aviation Routine Weather Report or METAR is a weather report given hourly Report is given in code Purpose of the code is to make readings fast and efficient Gives pilot current weather conditions including like winds and sky conditions All altitudes are given AGL All directions are given in degrees true If its written it s true Timings are given in hours zulu (-7 utc) Timings are given in 24h format

5 Hours zulu The earth has 24 time zones The international Date line passes thru Greenwich, England Time there is considered Universally Coordinated Time (UTC) Also known as hours zulu Vancouver is in Pacific time or -7 or 8 hours UTC 7 or 8 is due to day light savings (-7) in the summer (-8) in the winter 10h zulu is 3am local time (in Vancouver) 2h zulu (2am) is 19h local (7pm the previous day)

6 Reporting Weather Other Aside from relying on METAR as weather reports there are also PIREPS and SPECI PIREPS (pilot report) are reports filed by pilots who just flew through unusual weather conditions Especially useful for providing up to date info May be only way of knowing weather in areas where METAR is not provided SPECI (Special Conditions Weather Report) are filed when there is a significant change from the weather reported on a METAR

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11 Aviation Forecast Codes

12 Aviation Forecast Clouds

13 Reporting Weather METAR

14 Reporting Weather - TAF Terminal Area Forecasts or TAF are weather forecasts given 4 times daily only valid for 24 hours Report is given in code Purpose of the code is to make readings fast and efficient Gives Pilots information such as winds, expected winds, and sky conditions All altitudes are given ASL All directions are given in degrees true Timings are in hours zulu (-7 utc) Timings are given in 24 hour format

15 Reporting Weather TAF Due to the nature of a TAF being a prediction over a long period of time, weather may change PROB = Probability, followed by chance event will occur and time frame PROB /3015 1/2SM SHRA 30% probability between zulu ½ mile visibility and light showering rain

16 Reporting Weather TAF TEMPO = Temporary, indicated a temporary change in weather, followed by time of change and weather conditions TEMPO 3010/3015 3/4SM BR Temporarily between zulu ¾ mile visibility and mist BECMG = Becoming, indicates a permanent change in weather, followed by time it will occur and conditions BECMG 3010/3015 P6SM SKC Becoming zulu greater than 6 miles visibility and sky clear

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18 Reporting Weather TAF Report Name: Specifies report is a Terminal Area Forecast

19 Reporting Weather TAF

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23 Graphical Area Forecasts (GFA) Graphical Area Forecast (GFA) are weather maps detailing he weather over a large area (such as the entire province) Details Rain Clouds Winds Pressure Icing Turbulence Issued 3 times daily valid up to the next forecast All altitudes are given in ASL (unless stated) All directions are given in degrees true

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26 Upper winds (FD) Due to the nature of surface winds not extending past 3000, winds aloft tend to be faster and move in different directions Upper winds need to be accounted for when navigating long distances

27 Reading FD For use: Indicated time FD is valid, time is in hours zulu (eg for use hours zulu, 10am 2pm local) Winds: first 2 numbers indicate wind direction (degrees true). And additional 0 must be added to wind direction Last 2 numbers indicate wind velocity (knots) (eg winds 320 degrees true at 5 knots)

28 Reading FD 6000 : first 2 numbers indicate wind direction (degrees true), an additional 0 must be added to wind direction. Last 2 numbers indicate wind velocity. (eg. Winds 060 degrees true at 18 knots) -08 indicates temperature at 6000 (an inversion would result in temperature being displayed as +08)

29 Reading FD