UPPLEMENT TRACKING PULSES OF THE MADDEN JULIAN OSCILLATION. Kunio Yoneyama, Chidong Zhang, and Charles N. Long

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1 UPPLEMENT TRACKING PULSES O THE MADDEN JULIAN OSCILLATION Kunio Yoneyama, Chidong Zhang, and Charles N. Long This document is a supplement to Tracking Pulses of the Madden Julian Oscillation, by Kunio Yoneyama, Chidong Zhang, and Charles N. Long (Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, ) 2013 American Meteorological Society Corresponding author: Kunio Yoneyama, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka , Japan yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp DOI: /BAMS-D AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY DECEMBER 2013 ES161

2 Table ES1a. Ship-based observation summary R/V Roger Revelle. Radiosonde (indicated as leg*) legs 1 and 5 legs 2 and 3 leg 4 Responsible institute 12 h National Center for Atmospheric 3 h Research (NCAR) Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) 6 h Scanning 5-GHz Doppler radar all legs continuous Colorado State University 95-GHz cloud profiling radar all legs continuous National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) 915-MHz wind profiler all legs 30 min NOAA/ESRL Ceilometer all legs 20 s NOAA/ESRL High-resolution Doppler lidar all legs 10/20 min NOAA/ESRL Microwave radiometer all legs 20 s NOAA/ESRL GPS-derived water vapor all legs 10 min NCAR EOL Surface meteorology all legs 10 min NOAA/ESRL Turbulent flux all legs 10 min average NOAA/ESRL Oregon State University University of Connecticut pco2 all legs continuous Columbia University Aerosols (chemical composition, size distribution, particle number concentrations, scattering and absorption, cloud condensation nuclei, etc.) all legs continuous NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Ozone UV absorbance all legs 1 min NOAA/PMEL Pulsed fluorescence SO 2 analyzer all legs 1 min NOAA/PMEL Ocean optics legs 2 and 3 3 times per day University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) Ocean turbulent profiling legs 2 and times Oregon State University CTD legs 2 and 3 80 casts Oregon State University ADCP all legs continuous Oregon State University Surface drifter leg 3 22 times Oregon State University Wire walker float (sea temperature) leg min Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Phased-array Doppler sonar leg khz SIO XBT leg 1 legs 2 and 3 57 times University of Washington 38 times Oregon State University Sea soar legs 1 and 5 1 s University of Washington Sea glider 14 Sep Jan casts University of East Anglia * The start and end of each leg are as follows: 29 Aug 26 Sep for leg 1, 29 Sep 2 Nov for leg 2, 6 Nov 11 Dec for leg 3, 14 Dec 5 Jan for leg 4, and 10 Jan 12 eb for leg 5. ES162 DECEMBER 2013

3 Table ES1b. Ship-based observation summary for R/V Mirai. Radiosonde 25 Sep 1 Dec h Responsible Institute Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Cryogenic frostpoint hygrometer 5 Oct 26 Nov times JAMSTEC Scanning 5-GHz Doppler radar 25 Sep 1 Dec 2011 continuous JAMSTEC 95-GHz cloud profiling radar 25 Sep 1 Dec 2011 continuous Chiba University Mie-scattering lidar 25 Sep 1 Dec min National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan (NIES) High-spectral-resolution lidar 25 Sep 1 Dec min NIES Ceilometer 25 Sep 1 Dec min JAMSTEC Disdrometer 25 Sep 1 Dec 2011 continuous JAMSTEC GPS-derived water vapor 25 Sep 1 Dec s JAMSTEC Surface meteorology 25 Sep 1 Dec s/10-min avg JAMSTEC Turbulent flux 25 Sep 1 Dec s/1-min avg Okayama University Multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy Moisture/rainwater/seawater sampling (isotope analysis) 25 Sep 1 Dec min JAMSTEC /ukuoka University 25 Sep 1 Dec /32/63 samples JAMSTEC Sea surface water monitoring 25 Sep 1 Dec min JAMSTEC Oceanic turbulence profiling 30 Sep 28 Nov times JAMSTEC CTD 28 Sep 29 Nov casts (3 h) JAMSTEC Biogeochemical sampling 28 Sep 29 Nov casts (6 h) JAMSTEC XCTD Nov times JAMSTEC ADCP 25 Sep 1 Dec 2011 continuous JAMSTEC Lowered ADCP 30 Sep 28 Nov times per day University of Hawaii Subsurface ADCP mooring 25 Sep 1 Dec min JAMSTEC Argo float 29 Sep Mar ascent per day JAMSTEC Table ES1c. Ship-based observation summary for R/V Baruna Jaya III. and/or number Responsible institute Radiosonde 5 18 Dec h JAMSTEC Surface meteorology 5 18 Dec min JAMSTEC Sea surface temperature 5 18 Dec h JAMSTEC Sky images 5 18 Dec times JAMSTEC AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY DECEMBER 2013 ES163

4 Table ES1d. Ship-based observation summary for ORV Sagar Kanya. Responsible institute Radiosonde 25 Sep 19 Oct h National Institute of Oceanography, India (NIO) Surface meteorology 25 Sep 19 Oct h during on station NIO CTD 25 Sep 19 Oct casts (3 h) NIO Biogeochemical sampling 25 Sep 19 Oct casts (6 h) NIO ADCP 21 Sep 25 Oct 2011 continuous NIO Table ES2a. summary at island sites of Gan, Maldives, a and Manus, Papua New Guinea. Responsible institute/program Radiosonde 1 Oct eb eb 5 Mar Mar h 1 day 12 h ARM Maldives Meteorological Service (MMS) MMS S-band and Ka-band Polarization 1 Oct Jan 2012 continuous NCAR/EOL Doppler Radar (S-PolKa) b University of Washington Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar (SMART-R) (C-band Doppler radar) b 1 Oct eb 2012 continuous Texas A&M University C-band scanning ARM 1 Oct Mar 2012 continuous ARM precipitation radar c Ka-band ARM Zenith Radar (KAZR) 7 Oct Mar 2012 continuous ARM Surface meteorology 1 Oct Mar min ARM Micropulse lidar 1 Oct Mar s ARM Ceilometer 1 Oct Mar s ARM Microwave radiometers (single and three channel) 1 Oct Mar s ARM Total sky imager 1 Oct Mar s ARM Sky radiometers 1 Oct Mar min ARM Ground radiometers 1 Oct Mar min ARM Narrow field of view (NOV) infrared thermometer 1 Oct Mar Hz ARM Cimel sunphotometer 1 Oct Mar 2012 Varies by air mass ARM Multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer 1 Oct Mar min ARM Video disdrometer 1 Oct Mar min ARM Rain gauges 1 Oct Mar min ARM Atmospheric sounder by 1 Oct Mar min ARM infrared spectral technology c Atmospheric emitted radiance 1 Oct eb min ARM interferometer b a Note that all ARM observations for Gan ended on 9 eb 2012 because of civil unrest. b Gan site only. c Manus site only. ES164 DECEMBER 2013

5 Table ES2b. summary at island site of Diego Garcia. Responsible institute/ program Radiosonde 1 Oct Jan h NCAR EOL 915-MHz wind profiler 1 Oct Jan 2012 continuous NCAR EOL Radio acoustic sounding system 1 Oct Jan 2012 continuous NCAR EOL GPS-derived water vapor 1 Oct Jan 2012 continuous NCAR EOL Surface meteorology 1 Oct Jan 2012 continuous NCAR EOL Ceilometer 1 Oct Jan 2012 continuous NCAR EOL Sky camera 1 Oct Jan 2012 continuous NCAR EOL Table ES3. Routine/enhanced radiosonde sounding sites, where obtained high vertical resolution (1 2-s interval) data. Site Location (lat, lon) Sampling Agency/university Nairobi (01.3 S, E) 1 Oct 24 Nov Jan 1 Mar 2012 Victoria (04.7 S, E) 29 Oct 24 Dec Dec Jan Jan 31 Mar times per day 1 time per day 4 times per day 2 times per day 1 time per day Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) Seychelles National Meteorological Service (SNMS) Male (04.2 N, 73.5 E) 1 Oct 14 Dec times per day Colorado State University Colombo (06.9 N, 79.9 E) 1 Oct 6 Dec times per day Department of Meteorology, Sri Lanka (DMLK) Singapore (01.4 N, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS) Medan (03.6 N, 98.7 E) 1 Oct Mar times per day Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency, Indonesia (BMKG) Padang (0.9 N, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Pangkal Pinang (2.2 S, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Cengkareng (6.1 S, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Ranai (3.9 N, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Surabaya (7.4 S, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Makassar (5.1 S, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Palu (0.9 N, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Kupang (10.2 S, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Manado (1.5 N, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Ambon (3.7 S, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Biak (1.2 S, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG Merauke (8.5 S, E) 1 Oct Mar times per day BMKG AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY DECEMBER 2013 ES165

6 Table ES4a. Summary of WP-3D flights. Date Mission objective Dropsonde 11 Nov ( UTC) Instrument and operations test at northwest of Diego Garcia 13 Nov ( UTC) Large-scale moisture variability between Diego Garcia, Mirai, and Revelle; air sea interaction near Revelle 16 Nov ( UTC) Convection and surface flux in the ITCZ south of Diego Garcia; large-scale variability across the ITCZ and from Diego Garcia to the center of the south array; freshwater pool and vertical moisture layers near Addu Atoll 19 Nov ( UTC) Shallow cumulus boundary layers and air sea processes in an MJO suppressed phase; large-scale variability between Diego Garcia and the center of the south array 22 Nov ( UTC) Large-scale variability from Diego Garcia to Revelle and in the north south direction near the center of the south array; deep convection and surface flux from suppressed to disturbed conditions west of Revelle 24 Nov ( UTC) Convection upwind (west) of Revelle under disturbed conditions; large-scale variability in wind and moisture from Diego Garcia to Revelle and from Addu Atoll to Revelle 26 Nov ( UTC) Boundary layer and air sea interaction near Revelle; large-scale variability between Diego Garcia and Revelle in the morning and afternoon 28 Nov ( UTC) Boundary layer variability and air sea interaction under disturbed conditions during an active phase of MJO east and southeast of Diego Garcia 30 Nov ( UTC) Convection and cold pool south of Diego Garcia 4 Dec ( UTC) Boundary layer variability and air sea interaction near convective bands east of Diego Garcia; Diego Garcia island effect 8 Dec ( UTC) Convection and microphysics near Addu Atoll in coordination with alcon and in comparison with S-PolKa 13 Dec ( UTC) Instrument calibration and intercomparison near Diego Garcia Airborne XBT (AXBT) Airborne expendable CTD (AXCTD) ES166 DECEMBER 2013

7 Table ES4b. Summary of alcon-20 flights. Date 22 Nov ( UTC) Decaying stratiform east of Gan Mission objective 23 Nov ( UTC) Stratiform associated with scattered convection north of Gan 25 Nov ( UTC) Microphysical probes testing 27 Nov ( UTC) Two stratiform systems with embedded convection, north and northwest of Gan 27 Nov ( UTC) A stratiform area east-southeast of Gan 2 Dec ( UTC) Instrument calibration in clear sky west of Gan 3 Dec ( UTC) Small punctual convective outbreaks from south-southwest to east-northeast of Gan 6 Dec ( UTC) Microphysics instrument test 8 Dec ( UTC) Initiation of convective cells, coordination with WP-3D for simultaneous sampling at different levels 8 Dec ( UTC) Deep convection (17 km) north of Gan 12 Dec ( UTC) Convection east of Gan 13 Dec ( UTC) Convection north of Gan 14 Dec ( UTC) Isolated convection northwest and north of Gan Table ES5. NOAA WP-3D flight-level data and instruments (courtesy of Qing Wang). Parameters Instruments ast/slow Position Oxford RT3003 inertial and GPS navigation system S Ground speed vector Oxford RT3003 inertial and GPS navigation system S Aircraft altitude Radar and pressure altimeters S Attitude angles (heading, pitch, and roll) Oxford RT3003 inertial and GPS navigation system Air temperature Humidity Deiced Rosemount total temperature (2) UCI Rosemount temperature UCI-modified Rosemount dual thermistor (2) Edge Tech Vigilant (2) UCI LI-COR 7200 (with CO 2 ) UCI-modified Krypton Static pressure lush ports with Rosemount 1281A pressure transducers Dynamic pressure lush ports with Rosemount A pressure transducers low angles (sideslip and attack angles) Rosemount 858 AJ 5-hole with Rosemount 12212VL transducers Radome gust system with Rosemount 12212VL transducers Small cloud droplet spectrum SSP forward scattering probe Cloud droplet spectrum PMS 2-D Gray and/or monoprobes Hydrometeor size spectrum PMS 2-D Gray and/or monoprobes Cloud liquid water/total liquid water SEA WCM-2000 multi-element water content system Sea surface temperature KT19.85 II S CO 2 air temperature KT19.85 II S Shortwave radiation NRL-modified Kipp & Zonen CM-22 pyranometers S Longwave radiation NRL-modified Kipp & Zonen CG-4 pyrgeometers S Cloud structure; surface Video photography (nose, side, and vertical) S S S AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY DECEMBER 2013 ES167