Christian Sutton. Microwave Water Radiometer measurements of tropospheric moisture. ATOC 5235 Remote Sensing Spring 2003
|
|
- Sherilyn Waters
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Christian Sutton Microwave Water Radiometer measurements of tropospheric moisture ATOC 5235 Remote Sensing Spring 23
2 ABSTRACT The Microwave Water Radiometer (MWR) is a two channel microwave receiver used to determine column integrated tropospheric liquid water and water vapor. The specific instrument analyzed in this paper is the Radiometrics WVR-11 radiometer. Retrieval techniques, underlying physics of the sensor, and comparisons to traditional sonde techniques will also be discussed. Introduction: The three phases of water have shaped the earth and permitted life to flourish. The two parameters of interest in this paper are columnar liquid water and columnar water vapor. These two parameters are of great importance in the scheme of atmospheric science. Moisture characteristics of the troposphere are important when initializing a modeling system. Incorrect characterizations and parameterizations of water can lead to model errors, and degrade the skill of a forecast. Moisture characterization of the troposphere used to be performed by balloons, or sondes. However, due to a host of problems the measurements were plagued by error and expensive to perform. Using a Microwave Water Radiometer (from this point referred to as an MWR) and some other meteorological instruments, moisture measurements can be made with much better accuracy than was previously available. MWR T b (2GHz) T b (31GHz) Radio Acousic Sounding System T v (z) Ceilometer z c Sfc Instruments T sfc,rh sfc,p sfc T(z) ρ V (z c ) ρ V () Retrieval of V,L (columnar quantities, vapor, liquid, (cm)) Retrieval of ρ V (z) ρ L (z) Initial ρ V (z),ρ L (z) Figure 1: Schematic adopted from Han & Westwater 95. Value added procedure for determining columnar water quantities and height profiles. T b is brightness temperature, z c is cloud base height, T v is virtual temperature. This process is used in the MWRPROF VAP. N iterations of physical retrieval and statistical analysis yields: ρ V (z),ρ L (z) V,L (cm) 2
3 Sensors and Retrieval Perhaps the most important process used to treat this data is the MWRPROF VAP (MWR Profile Value Added Procedure). This retrieval process uses the MWR, a laser cloud ceilometer, a radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) and surface meteorological instruments. The MWR measures the initial vapor and liquid column quantities (V and L, [cm]). An MWR is a useful tool when trying to determine the water distribution with height, but it is limited. By using other instruments in concert with the MWR, a much more accurate determination can be made. Radio Acoustic Sounding System The RASS is a wind profiler, but in this case used to determine the virtual temperature variation with height. Virtual temperature is defined as the temperature at a constant pressure a parcel of dry air must be heated to in order to have the same density as a parcel of moist air. This sensor is a radar system, so it is an active sensor. It transmits radio frequency radiation and determines the wind profile from backscattered radiation. The backscattering is due to changes in refractive index caused by turbulence. Low altitude profiles often have high resolution, while high altitude profiles can be measured, but suffer from poor resolution (Han 95) Belfort Laser Ceilometer The laser ceilometer is another active sensor used in conjunction with the MWR to determine the height of cloud bases. It can measure cloud bases up to 3.6km, with a temporal resolution of 3 seconds and a vertical resolution of 15 meters. Surface Meteorological Observation System The SMOS is a suite of in-situ instruments to measure standard surface meteorological parameters. Such parameters include barometric pressure, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, precipitation, and snow depth. Figures 2-4 RASS, Ceilometer, SMOS. Courtesy of ARM/DOE. 3
4 Microwave Water Radiometer The MWR is a two channel, sensitive microwave receiver. It measures a variety of other parameters other than columnar vapor and liquid water, such as microwave brightness temperature and infrared brightness temperature. Operationally, it also has quality control flags that can stop operation of precipitation is present, so as not to collect faulty data. The two channels the MWR operates at are 23.8GHz and 31.4GHz. Atmospheric water vapor emission is determined using the 23.8GHz channel, while the 31.4GHz channel is used to detect liquid water emission. Since there are two channels, measurements can be separated, and each water parameter can be determined. The MWR performs its measurements in line-of-sight (LOS) mode with a zenith angle of o. Zenith angle can be varied (tipping mode), but this data is difficult to use and only used for the purposes of calibration. Calibration curves from this tipped mode are not surprisingly referred to as tipping curves. Retrieval algorithm for the Microwave Water Radiometer The physics of the retrieval algorithm was discussed in ATOC 5235 Lecture 14 (Principles of Passive Remote Sensing/Measurements of Path Integrated quantities). In the case of the fundamental radiative transfer behind the MWR, scattering is ignored. The reason for this is as the size parameter for the scatterers gets small, the extinction parameter Q s gets very small, thus allowing us to ignore scattering effects. Since the measurements are made from the surface, the radiances on interest are, obviously, the down welling intensities. The following equation describes the measured intensity at the surface: (1) I = Ic exp( τ *) + ( B( T ( z)) ρ k exp( τ ( z)) dz The first term in (1) is the cosmic radiance that has survived extinction to the surface. The second term is the contribution from radiation emitted along the path towards the surface. Note this is the same equation as equation 14.9 from the lecture notes, when the variable of integration is changed from height to optical depth by absorbing the density and absorption coefficient. Since the measurements of interest are in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation can be made the Plank function (lecture equation 4.4a). Equation (2) is the adjusted Plank function: 2 kb T c (2) B( T ) = 4 λ By combining (1) and (2) and inverting for brightness temperatures, equation (3) can be written in terms of a cosmic brightness temperature, T c, (2.75 K) and the atmospheric contribution. 4
5 (3) TB = Tc exp( τ *) + ( T( z) ρ k exp( τ ( z)) dz Equation (3) can be generalized in terms of N layers of the atmosphere, each contributing to the downwelling radiance. A simplification can be made by solving for an isothermal atmosphere. By making the assuming all layers have the same temperature, the brightness temperature can be solved in terms of a cosmic background brightness temperature and a frequency dependant atmospheric mean radiating temperature, T MR. (4) T Tc exp( τ *) + T (1 exp( τ *)) B = MR Equation (4) can be inverted in terms of optical depth: TMR TC (5) τ * = ln[ ] TMR TB Once the optical depth is known, the columnar amounts of liquid and water vapor can be determined with some external processing and climatological data. The optical depth is assumed to be composed of contributions from three terms: (6) τ* = τ dry + kv zv + k L zl The first term is the optical depth contribution due to emission from O 2 molecules. The other terms are the contributions due to water vapor and liquid water. The absorption coefficients are determined from the local climatology. Since the MWR measures radiation at two specific frequencies, there are two values for the total optical depth. This implies to linear equations that can be solved the columnar amounts of water. The columnar amounts can be expressed in terms of optical depths and some constants. The constants are calculated from a regression process run on the data. A similar treatment can be found on page of Stephen s text. The retrieval algorithm is used in context of the flow chart from Han, et al. After incorporating output from the other instruments now the column quantities can be estimated. The vertical resolution of the integrated measurements is 25 meters, and the readings are taken up to 12 km. The purpose of using the other instruments and the MWR is to improve accuracy. The purpose of the statistical analysis is to take into account situations that may lead to outlier measurements, such as precipitation events. Including statistically derived quantities (such as absorption coefficients, etc) greatly improve the accuracy of the MWR measurements. Data and Data Analysis Much of the data for this analysis came from the MWRPROF value added process. The advantage of using this data was that it included the raw MWR data in addition to the processed data with added information from the instrument suite. As stated earlier, the main parameters of interest were the column integrated amounts of liquid water and water vapor. One problem with microwave measurements is the lack of independent data to verify measurements. For this project, the MWRPROF measurements were compared 5
6 against sonde readings and some radar images for dates of interest. In some experiments, radiative transfer simulations were used as a data source to compare against the sonde and MWR measurements. In these cases, the MWR improved cloudy day vapor density profiles greatly. On sunny days, there was no improvement. Source data was taken from July 1 st, 22 until July 16 th, 22 and the Lamont, OK facility. Error Measurements The two primary errors were the retrieval error and the sonde error. The retrieval error was the error of direct physical inversion (for column vapor) versus the MWRPROF value. The sonde error was the error versus the same MWRPROF value. The inversion error (retrieval) was more positive during the day, but more negative during the evening. There were two peaks that occurred during the measurement period. These peaks correlated semi-strongly (ρ approximately.7) to the root mean square error in temperature. Since the MWRPROF procedure uses data from the profiler, it is possible that error propagated from the temperature measurement, and amplified error in the vapor column retrieval. A correlation was also performed between the sonde error and the rms temperature error, but it was a weak value of.4. On average, the physical inversion tended to overestimate the value of column vapor amount, while the sonde tended to underestimate the same value. In addition to this, several of the column vapor measurements were also compared to millimeter wave cloud radar measurements. The particular dates of interest were July 3 rd, 22 and July 11 th, 22. 6
7 7
8 Figure 5 and 6 Millimeter wave cloud radar soundings for July 3 rd and 11 th, 22. On July 3 rd, the MWR and sonde measurements detected high column water vapor. This matched up nicely to the radar measurements for that day. The high integrated column vapor measurement can probably be attributed to a mid-level cloud system overhead. On July 11 th, a strong sounding was made by the radar. This also matched up well with the high integrated column readings taken that day by the two instruments. On days were there were low values detected by the MWR, the radar soundings showed very little reflectance overhead (July 5, ~5pm GMT and July 13, ~11am GMT). There are two possible situations that might cause the liquid water amount to exceed ~3mm, and these are dew or rain. There were two strong signatures of high liquid water content. The column liquid water measurements matched closely to precipitation events on July 2 nd, 6 th -7 th, and 12 th. Relevance to modeling Unfortunately, in the course of numerical weather prediction and modeling, many physical processes must be parameterized. Errors in the model, or incorrect parameterizations can degrade the skill of a forecast or model output. A better understanding and measurement of vapor and liquid profiles can help determine more about clouds, but also assist in determining the profile of the atmosphere. A better 8
9 understanding can lead to better parameterizations of water-dependant processes, and help to act as a reference point for model output. Conclusions Traditional sonde techniques are still useful and the data collected from them has been useful for building statistical population sets for determining various atmospheric parameters. However, they are expensive, and they are drift in any winds aloft. The MWR is a useful tool for determining moisture characteristics of the atmosphere. It can be operated remotely, and takes a single column measurement. While it is a powerful tool, it is even more useful when used in conjunction with other instruments, such as surface meteorology instruments, ceilometers, and sounders. When compared to traditional techniques of just using MWR data, the suite of tools often provides much better results under cloudy conditions. 9
10 Additional Figures: Error in vapor column retrieval (retrieval - MWRPROF)/MWRPROF Date (GMT) 7/1/22 7/3/22 7/5/22 7/7/22 7/9/22 7/11/22 7/13/22 7/15/22 7/17/ error.4 error VAP Error in Sonde measurement (Sonde - MWRPROF)/MWRPROF Date (GMT) 7/1/22 7/3/22 7/5/22 7/7/22 7/9/22 7/11/22 7/13/22 7/15/22 7/17/ error error sonde VAP Figure 7, 8-Error from direct physical inversion & sonde measurements relative to MWRPROF data. 1
11 Density root mean square error as a function of time density (grams/cubic meter) density RMSE.4.2 7/1/22 7/3/22 7/5/22 7/7/22 7/9/22 7/11/22 7/13/22 7/15/22 7/17/22 time & date (GMT) Temperature root mean square error as a function of time 25 2 Temperature (K) 15 1 temp RMSE 5 7/1/22 7/3/22 7/5/22 7/7/22 7/9/22 7/11/22 7/13/22 7/15/22 7/17/22 time & date (GMT) Figure 9,1-RMS error in density & pressure from MWRPROF dataset. 11
12 Column liquid measurements vs. time columnar liquid amount (cm) MWR LIQ RET LIQ.1.5 7/1/22 7/3/22 7/5/22 7/7/22 7/9/22 7/11/22 7/13/22 7/15/22 7/17/22 date & time (GMT) Precipitation as a function of time and date 12 1 mm of precipitation Precip (mm) 2 6/29/2 7/1/2 7/3/2 7/5/2 7/7/2 7/9/2 7/11/2 7/13/2 7/15/2 7/17/2 7/19/2 time and date (GMT) Figure 11, 12-Column liquid measurements versus time and precipitation versus time. 12
13 Column vapor measurements vs. time Columnar vapor amount (cm) MWR VAP RET VAP sonde vap /1/22 7/3/22 7/5/22 7/7/22 7/9/22 7/11/22 7/13/22 7/15/22 7/17/22 time and date (GMT) Figure 13 Column vapor measurements versus time. Note data is from MWR (with quality control checks), physical inversion, and sonde measurements. 13
14 References: Han, Y. and Westwater, E. R Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Water by Integrated Ground-Based Systems. JAOT 12, Liljegren, J.C Two-channel microwave radiometer for observations of total column precipitable water vapor and cloud liquid water path. Fifth Symposium on Global Change Studies, pp January 23-28, 1994, American Meteorological Society, Nashville, Tennessee. Liljegren, J.C., and B.M. Lesht Measurements of integrated water vapor and cloud liquid water from microwave radiometers at the DOE ARM Cloud and Radiation Testbed in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. Presented at the IEEE International Geosciences and Remote Sensing Symposium, Lincoln, Nebraska. Solheim, F. Microwave Radiometer for Passively and Remotely Measuring Atmospheric Temperature, Water Vapor, and Cloud Liquid Profiles. Radiometrics Corp. Summary Document. ARM Microwave Water Radiometer summary pagehttp:// Water vapor retrievals from microwave radiometer data, combined with other ground based remote sensors - QME comparing the retrieved water vapor and temperature profiles from the VAP mwrprof with radiosonde profiles 14
Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Measurements and Radiosonde Comparisons During the WVIOP2000 Field Experiment
Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Measurements and Radiosonde Comparisons During the WVIOP2000 Field Experiment D. Cimini University of L Aquila L Aquil, Italy E. R. Westwater Cooperative Institute for
More informationClear-Air Forward Microwave and Millimeterwave Radiative Transfer Models for Arctic Conditions
Clear-Air Forward Microwave and Millimeterwave Radiative Transfer Models for Arctic Conditions E. R. Westwater 1, D. Cimini 2, V. Mattioli 3, M. Klein 1, V. Leuski 1, A. J. Gasiewski 1 1 Center for Environmental
More informationObservations of Integrated Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Water at SHEBA. James Liljegren
Observations of Integrated Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Water at SHEBA James Liljegren Ames Laboratory Ames, IA 515.294.8428 liljegren@ameslab.gov Introduction In the Arctic water vapor and clouds influence
More informationInstrument Cross-Comparisons and Automated Quality Control of Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Data
Instrument Cross-Comparisons and Automated Quality Control of Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Data S. Moore and G. Hughes ATK Mission Research Santa Barbara, California Introduction Within the Atmospheric
More informationNew Technique for Retrieving Liquid Water Path over Land using Satellite Microwave Observations
New Technique for Retrieving Liquid Water Path over Land using Satellite Microwave Observations M.N. Deeter and J. Vivekanandan Research Applications Library National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder,
More informationAnalysis and Improvement of Tipping Calibration for Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers
1260 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 38, NO. 3, MAY 2000 Analysis and Improvement of Tipping Calibration for Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers Yong Han and Ed R. Westwater, Senior
More informationA Comparison of Clear-Sky Emission Models with Data Taken During the 1999 Millimeter-Wave Radiometric Arctic Winter Water Vapor Experiment
A Comparison of Clear-Sky Emission Models with Data Taken During the 1999 Millimeter-Wave Radiometric Arctic Winter Water Vapor Experiment E. R. Westwater, Y. Han, A. Gasiewski, and M. Klein Cooperative
More informationRemote Sensing of Precipitation
Lecture Notes Prepared by Prof. J. Francis Spring 2003 Remote Sensing of Precipitation Primary reference: Chapter 9 of KVH I. Motivation -- why do we need to measure precipitation with remote sensing instruments?
More informationCalibration and Temperature Retrieval of Improved Ground-based Atmospheric Microwave Sounder
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 6, NO. 1, 2010 6 Calibration and Temperature Retrieval of Improved Ground-based Atmospheric Microwave Sounder Jie Ying He 1, 2, Yu Zhang 1, 2, and Sheng Wei Zhang 1 1 Center for Space
More informationRadiometric profiling of temperature, water vapor and cloud liquid water using various inversion methods
Radiometric profiling of temperature, water vapor and cloud liquid water using various inversion methods Fredrick Solheim and John R. Godwin Radiometrics Corporation, Boulder, Colorado E. R. Westwater
More informationClear-Air Forward Microwave and Millimeterwave Radiative Transfer Models for Arctic Conditions
Clear-Air Forward Microwave and Millimeterwave Radiative Transfer Models for Arctic Conditions E. R. Westwater 1, D. Cimini 2, V. Mattioli 3, M. Klein 1, V. Leuski 1, A. J. Gasiewski 1 1 Center for Environmental
More informationMeasurements of Temperature, Water Vapor, Clouds, and Winds Derived from Ground-Based Remote Sensors
Measurements of Temperature, Water Vapor, Clouds, and Winds Derived from Ground-Based Remote Sensors James Liljegren ARM Climate Research Facility Instrument Coordinator Argonne National Laboratory Reference
More informationMicrowave Radiometric Technique to Retrieve Vapor, Liquid and Ice, Part I Development of a Neural Network-Based Inversion Method
224 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 35, NO. 2, MARCH 1997 Microwave Radiometric Technique to Retrieve Vapor, Liquid and Ice, Part I Development of a Neural Network-Based Inversion
More informationLecture 19: Operational Remote Sensing in Visible, IR, and Microwave Channels
MET 4994 Remote Sensing: Radar and Satellite Meteorology MET 5994 Remote Sensing in Meteorology Lecture 19: Operational Remote Sensing in Visible, IR, and Microwave Channels Before you use data from any
More informationModule 11: Meteorology Topic 3 Content: Weather Instruments Notes
Introduction In order for meteorologists to accurately predict the weather, they take thousands of different weather measurements each day. Meteorologists need to use many tools in order to draw an accurate
More informationMeteorological Satellite Image Interpretations, Part III. Acknowledgement: Dr. S. Kidder at Colorado State Univ.
Meteorological Satellite Image Interpretations, Part III Acknowledgement: Dr. S. Kidder at Colorado State Univ. Dates EAS417 Topics Jan 30 Introduction & Matlab tutorial Feb 1 Satellite orbits & navigation
More informationSIMULATION OF SPACEBORNE MICROWAVE RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS OF SNOW COVER FROM IN-SITU DATA AND EMISSION MODELS
SIMULATION OF SPACEBORNE MICROWAVE RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS OF SNOW COVER FROM IN-SITU DATA AND EMISSION MODELS Anna Kontu 1 and Jouni Pulliainen 1 1. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research,
More informationPerformance of Radar Wind Profilers, Radiosondes, and Surface Flux Stations at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Site
Performance of Radar Wind Profilers, Radiosondes, and Surface Flux Stations at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Site R. L. Coulter, B. M. Lesht, M. L. Wesely, D. R. Cook,
More informationSatellite data assimilation for Numerical Weather Prediction II
Satellite data assimilation for Numerical Weather Prediction II Niels Bormann European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) (with contributions from Tony McNally, Jean-Noël Thépaut, Slide
More informationF O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E
F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E December 6, 2018 Satellite Foundational Course for JPSS (SatFC-J) F O U N D A T I O N A L C O U R S E Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing (with a focus on passive
More informationRemote sensing of ice clouds
Remote sensing of ice clouds Carlos Jimenez LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, France GDR microondes, Paris, 09/09/2008 Outline : ice clouds and the climate system : VIS-NIR, IR, mm/sub-mm, active 3. Observing
More informationPARCWAPT Passive Radiometry Cloud Water Profiling Technique
PARCWAPT Passive Radiometry Cloud Water Profiling Technique By: H. Czekala, T. Rose, Radiometer Physics GmbH, Germany A new cloud liquid water profiling technique by Radiometer Physics GmbH (patent pending)
More informationLambertian surface scattering at AMSU-B frequencies:
Lambertian surface scattering at AMSU-B frequencies: An analysis of airborne microwave data measured over snowcovered surfaces Chawn Harlow, 2nd Workshop on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Land Surface
More informationCourse outline, objectives, workload, projects, expectations
Course outline, objectives, workload, projects, expectations Introductions Remote Sensing Overview Elements of a remote sensing observing system 1. platform (satellite, surface, etc) 2. experimental design
More informationABB Remote Sensing Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer AERI system overview. Applications
The ABB Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer AERI provides thermodynamic profiling, trace gas detection, atmospheric cloud aerosol study, air quality monitoring, and more. AERI high level overview
More informationA Microwave Snow Emissivity Model
A Microwave Snow Emissivity Model Fuzhong Weng Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications, Camp Springs, Maryland and Banghua Yan Decision Systems Technologies
More informationBlackbody radiation. Main Laws. Brightness temperature. 1. Concepts of a blackbody and thermodynamical equilibrium.
Lecture 4 lackbody radiation. Main Laws. rightness temperature. Objectives: 1. Concepts of a blackbody, thermodynamical equilibrium, and local thermodynamical equilibrium.. Main laws: lackbody emission:
More informationSensitivity of Convective Indices to Humidity Adjustments
Sensitivity of Convective Indices to Humidity Adjustments M. E. Splitt University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah R. A. Peppler Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies University of Oklahoma
More informationADVANCED ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER TEMPERATURE PROFILING WITH MTP-5HE MICROWAVE SYSTEM
ADVANCED ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER TEMPERATURE PROFILING WITH MTP-5HE MICROWAVE SYSTEM E. Kadygrov*, M. Khaikin*, E. Miller*, A. Shaposhnikov*, A. Troitsky** * Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny,
More informationObservational Needs for Polar Atmospheric Science
Observational Needs for Polar Atmospheric Science John J. Cassano University of Colorado with contributions from: Ed Eloranta, Matthew Lazzara, Julien Nicolas, Ola Persson, Matthew Shupe, and Von Walden
More informationThermodynamic Profiling during the Winter Olympics
Thermodynamic Profiling during the Winter Olympics CMOS 2010 Congress Scientific Session: Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games 4 June 2010 R. Ware 1, N. Cimini 2, G. Giuliani 2, E. Westwater
More informationMEASUREMENTS AND MODELLING OF WATER VAPOUR SPECTROSCOPY IN TROPICAL AND SUB-ARCTIC ATMOSPHERES.
MEASUREMENTS AND MODELLING OF WATER VAPOUR SPECTROSCOPY IN TROPICAL AND SUB-ARCTIC ATMOSPHERES. J.P. Taylor, T.J. Hewison, A. McGrath and A. Vance. Airborne Remote Sensing Group, The Met Office, Y70 Building,
More informationAnalysis of Cloud-Radiation Interactions Using ARM Observations and a Single-Column Model
Analysis of Cloud-Radiation Interactions Using ARM Observations and a Single-Column Model S. F. Iacobellis, R. C. J. Somerville, D. E. Lane, and J. Berque Scripps Institution of Oceanography University
More informationAIRS and IASI Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) Absolute Accuracy at Tropical, Mid-Latitude, and Arctic Ground-Truth Sites
AIRS and IASI Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) Absolute Accuracy at Tropical, Mid-Latitude, and Arctic Ground-Truth Sites Robert Knuteson, Sarah Bedka, Jacola Roman, Dave Tobin, Dave Turner, Hank Revercomb
More informationLecture 14. Principles of active remote sensing: Lidars. Lidar sensing of gases, aerosols, and clouds.
Lecture 14. Principles of active remote sensing: Lidars. Lidar sensing of gases, aerosols, and clouds. 1. Optical interactions of relevance to lasers. 2. General principles of lidars. 3. Lidar equation.
More informationModelling and measurement of rainfall by ground-based multispectral microwave radiometry
Modelling and measurement of rainfall by ground-based multispectral microwave radiometry Frank S. Marzano 1, Domenico Cimini 1, Randolph Ware 2, Ermanno Fionda 3 and Piero Ciotti 1 1. Center of Excellence
More informationA Longwave Broadband QME Based on ARM Pyrgeometer and AERI Measurements
A Longwave Broadband QME Based on ARM Pyrgeometer and AERI Measurements Introduction S. A. Clough, A. D. Brown, C. Andronache, and E. J. Mlawer Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts
More informationMWR Rain Rate Retrieval Algorithm. Rosa Menzerotolo MSEE Thesis defense Aug. 29, 2010
MWR Rain Rate Retrieval Algorithm Rosa Menzerotolo MSEE Thesis defense Aug. 29, 2010 1 Outline Objective Theoretical Basis Algorithm Approach Geophysical Retrieval Results Conclusion Future Work 2 Thesis
More informationCOMPARISON OF SIMULATED RADIANCE FIELDS USING RTTOV AND CRTM AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES IN KOPS FRAMEWORK
COMPARISON OF SIMULATED RADIANCE FIELDS USING RTTOV AND CRTM AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES IN KOPS FRAMEWORK Ju-Hye Kim 1, Jeon-Ho Kang 1, Hyoung-Wook Chun 1, and Sihye Lee 1 (1) Korea Institute of Atmospheric
More informationAssimilation of Satellite Cloud and Precipitation Observations in NWP Models: Report of a Workshop
Assimilation of Satellite Cloud and Precipitation Observations in NWP Models: Report of a Workshop George Ohring and Fuzhong Weng Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation Ron Errico NASA/GSFC Global
More informationH. Sarkar, Ph.D. 1,2* ; S.K. Midya, Ph.D. 2 ; and S. Goswami, M.Sc. 2
A Comparative Study of Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) and of Attenuation of 94 GHz Signal from Radiometer and Radiosonde Observations during Monsoon Period over Kolkata, India. H. Sarkar, Ph.D. 1,2* ; S.K.
More informationClouds, Precipitation and their Remote Sensing
Clouds, Precipitation and their Remote Sensing Prof. Susanne Crewell AG Integrated Remote Sensing Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology University of Cologne Susanne Crewell, Kompaktkurs, Jülich 24.
More informationESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC COLUMN AND NEAR SURFACE WATER VAPOR CONTENT USING THE RADIANCE VALUES OF MODIS
ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC COLUMN AND NEAR SURFACE WATER VAPOR CONTENT USIN THE RADIANCE VALUES OF MODIS M. Moradizadeh a,, M. Momeni b, M.R. Saradjian a a Remote Sensing Division, Centre of Excellence
More informationLecture 4: Radiation Transfer
Lecture 4: Radiation Transfer Spectrum of radiation Stefan-Boltzmann law Selective absorption and emission Reflection and scattering Remote sensing Importance of Radiation Transfer Virtually all the exchange
More informationA two-season impact study of the Navy s WindSat surface wind retrievals in the NCEP global data assimilation system
A two-season impact study of the Navy s WindSat surface wind retrievals in the NCEP global data assimilation system Li Bi James Jung John Le Marshall 16 April 2008 Outline WindSat overview and working
More informationREMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS
EAS 6145 SPRING 2007 REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS Instructor: Prof. Irina N. Sokolik office 2258, phone 404-894-6180 isokolik@eas.gatech.edu Meeting Time: Mondays: 3:05-4:25 PM Wednesdays:
More informationThe assimilation of AMSU and SSM/I brightness temperatures in clear skies at the Meteorological Service of Canada
The assimilation of AMSU and SSM/I brightness temperatures in clear skies at the Meteorological Service of Canada Abstract David Anselmo and Godelieve Deblonde Meteorological Service of Canada, Dorval,
More informationLecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate
Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption and emission Cloud and radiation Radiative-convective equilibrium
More informationAdvancing Remote-Sensing Methods for Monitoring Geophysical Parameters
Advancing Remote-Sensing Methods for Monitoring Geophysical Parameters Christian Mätzler (Retired from University of Bern) Now consultant for Gamma Remote Sensing, Switzerland matzler@iap.unibe.ch TERENO
More informationRemote Sensing in Meteorology: Satellites and Radar. AT 351 Lab 10 April 2, Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing in Meteorology: Satellites and Radar AT 351 Lab 10 April 2, 2008 Remote Sensing Remote sensing is gathering information about something without being in physical contact with it typically
More informationThe Effect of Clouds and Rain on the Aquarius Salinity Retrieval
The Effect of Clouds and ain on the Aquarius Salinity etrieval Frank J. Wentz 1. adiative Transfer Equations At 1.4 GHz, the radiative transfer model for cloud and rain is considerably simpler than that
More informationTopics: Visible & Infrared Measurement Principal Radiation and the Planck Function Infrared Radiative Transfer Equation
Review of Remote Sensing Fundamentals Allen Huang Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies Space Science & Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Topics: Visible & Infrared
More informationFor those 5 x5 boxes that are primarily land, AE_RnGd is simply an average of AE_Rain_L2B; the ensuing discussion pertains entirely to oceanic boxes.
AMSR-E Monthly Level-3 Rainfall Accumulations Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document Thomas T. Wilheit Department of Atmospheric Science Texas A&M University 2007 For those 5 x5 boxes that are primarily
More informationMicrophysical Properties of Single and Mixed-Phase Arctic Clouds Derived From Ground-Based AERI Observations
Microphysical Properties of Single and Mixed-Phase Arctic Clouds Derived From Ground-Based AERI Observations Dave Turner University of Wisconsin-Madison Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 8 May 2003
More informationOn the Satellite Determination of Multilayered Multiphase Cloud Properties. Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 2
JP1.10 On the Satellite Determination of Multilayered Multiphase Cloud Properties Fu-Lung Chang 1 *, Patrick Minnis 2, Sunny Sun-Mack 1, Louis Nguyen 1, Yan Chen 2 1 Science Systems and Applications, Inc.,
More informationPrinciples of Global Positioning Systems Spring 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 12.540 Principles of Global Positioning Systems Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 12.540
More informationAn Annual Cycle of Arctic Cloud Microphysics
An Annual Cycle of Arctic Cloud Microphysics M. D. Shupe Science and Technology Corporation National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado T. Uttal
More informationASSIMILATION OF CLOUDY AMSU-A MICROWAVE RADIANCES IN 4D-VAR 1. Stephen English, Una O Keeffe and Martin Sharpe
ASSIMILATION OF CLOUDY AMSU-A MICROWAVE RADIANCES IN 4D-VAR 1 Stephen English, Una O Keeffe and Martin Sharpe Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB Abstract The assimilation of cloud-affected satellite
More informationAtmospheric Profiles Over Land and Ocean from AMSU
P1.18 Atmospheric Profiles Over Land and Ocean from AMSU John M. Forsythe, Kevin M. Donofrio, Ron W. Kessler, Andrew S. Jones, Cynthia L. Combs, Phil Shott and Thomas H. Vonder Haar DoD Center for Geosciences
More informationClimate & Earth System Science. Introduction to Meteorology & Climate. Chapter 05 SOME OBSERVING INSTRUMENTS. Instrument Enclosure.
Climate & Earth System Science Introduction to Meteorology & Climate MAPH 10050 Peter Lynch Peter Lynch Meteorology & Climate Centre School of Mathematical Sciences University College Dublin Meteorology
More informationREVISION OF THE STATEMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR GLOBAL NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION. (Submitted by Dr. J. Eyre)
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION Distr.: RESTRICTED CBS/OPAG-IOS (ODRRGOS-5)/Doc.5, Add.5 (11.VI.2002) COMMISSION FOR BASIC SYSTEMS OPEN PROGRAMME AREA GROUP ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS ITEM: 4 EXPERT
More informationCorrecting Microwave Precipitation Retrievals for near- Surface Evaporation
Correcting Microwave Precipitation Retrievals for near- Surface Evaporation The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation
More informationSpectrum of Radiation. Importance of Radiation Transfer. Radiation Intensity and Wavelength. Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate
Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Radiation Intensity and Wavelength frequency Planck s constant Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption
More informationGround-based temperature and humidity profiling using microwave radiometer retrievals at Sydney Airport.
Ground-based temperature and humidity profiling using microwave radiometer retrievals at Sydney Airport. Peter Ryan Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia Peter.J.Ryan@bom.gov.au ABSTRACT The aim
More informationP1.12 MESOSCALE VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION OF PROFILING RADIOMETER DATA. Thomas Nehrkorn and Christopher Grassotti *
P1.12 MESOSCALE VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION OF PROFILING RADIOMETER DATA Thomas Nehrkorn and Christopher Grassotti * Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. Lexington, Massachusetts Randolph Ware Radiometrics
More informationObservation minus Background Statistics for Humidity and Temperature from Raman lidar, microwave radiometer and COSMO-2
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss Observation minus Background Statistics for Humidity and Temperature from Raman lidar, microwave radiometer
More informationGIFTS SOUNDING RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT
P2.32 GIFTS SOUNDING RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT Jun Li, Fengying Sun, Suzanne Seemann, Elisabeth Weisz, and Hung-Lung Huang Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) University
More informationPrecipitable water observed by ground-based GPS receivers and microwave radiometry
Earth Planets Space, 52, 445 450, 2000 Precipitable water observed by ground-based GPS receivers and microwave radiometry Yuei-An Liou, Cheng-Yung Huang, and Yu-Tun Teng Center for Space and Remote Sensing
More informationRetrieval of tropospheric and middle atmospheric water vapour profiles from ground based microwave radiometry
Retrieval of tropospheric and middle atmospheric water vapour profiles from ground based microwave radiometry René Bleisch Institute of Applied Physics 26..212 1 / 45 Outline 1 Introduction Measuring water
More informationSnowfall Detection and Rate Retrieval from ATMS
Snowfall Detection and Rate Retrieval from ATMS Jun Dong 1, Huan Meng 2, Cezar Kongoli 1, Ralph Ferraro 2, Banghua Yan 2, Nai-Yu Wang 1, Bradley Zavodsky 3 1 University of Maryland/ESSIC/Cooperative Institute
More informationBERGEN 2011 METEOROLOGICAL TEMPERATURE PROFILER MTP-5
BERGEN 2011 METEOROLOGICAL TEMPERATURE PROFILER MTP-5 How it work? Each 5 minutes the program starts to measure of the temperature profile. During this procedures the program send commands to controller
More informationLecture Notes Prepared by Mike Foster Spring 2007
Lecture Notes Prepared by Mike Foster Spring 2007 Solar Radiation Sources: K. N. Liou (2002) An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation, Chapter 1, 2 S. Q. Kidder & T. H. Vander Haar (1995) Satellite Meteorology:
More informationPhysical Basics of Remote-Sensing with Satellites
- Physical Basics of Remote-Sensing with Satellites Dr. K. Dieter Klaes EUMETSAT Meteorological Division Am Kavalleriesand 31 D-64295 Darmstadt dieter.klaes@eumetsat.int Slide: 1 EUM/MET/VWG/09/0162 MET/DK
More informationNWP SAF. Quantitative precipitation estimation from satellite data. Satellite Application Facility for Numerical Weather Prediction
NWP SAF Satellite Application Facility for Numerical Weather Prediction Document NWPSAF-MO-VS-011 Version 1.0 15 April 2006 Quantitative precipitation estimation from satellite data Sante Laviola University
More informationMeasuring Global Temperatures: Satellites or Thermometers?
Measuring Global Temperatures: Satellites or Thermometers? January 26, 2016 by Dr. Roy Spencer, http://www.cfact.org/2016/01/26/measuring-global-temperatures-satellites-orthermometers/ The University of
More informationResults of Year-Round Remotely Sensed Integrated Water Vapor by Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry
JULY 1999 GÜLDNER AND SPÄNKUCH 981 Results of Year-Round Remotely Sensed Integrated Water Vapor by Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry J. GÜLDNER AND D. SPÄNKUCH Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches
More informationGround-Based Radiometric Profiling during Dynamic Weather Conditions
Ground-Based Radiometric Profiling during Dynamic Weather Conditions R. Ware 1,2, P. Herzegh 3, F. Vandenberghe 3, J. Vivekanandan 3, and E. Westwater 4 1 Corresponding Author: Radiometrics Corporation,
More informationWeighting Functions and Atmospheric Soundings: Part I
Weighting Functions and Atmospheric Soundings: Part I Ralf Bennartz Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin Madison Outline What we want to know and why we need
More informationTHE Advance Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) measurements
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY 2005 1087 One-Dimensional Variational Retrieval Algorithm of Temperature, Water Vapor, and Cloud Water Profiles From Advanced Microwave
More informationThe QME AERI LBLRTM: A Closure Experiment for Downwelling High Spectral Resolution Infrared Radiance
VOL. 61, NO. 22 JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 15 NOVEMBER 2004 The QME AERI LBLRTM: A Closure Experiment for Downwelling High Spectral Resolution Infrared Radiance D. D. TURNER,* D. C. TOBIN, S.
More informationRadiative Transfer in the Atmosphere
Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere Lectures in Brienza 19 Sep 2011 Paul Menzel UW/CIMSS/AOS Outline Radiation Definitions Planck Function Emission, Absorption, Scattering Radiative Transfer Equation
More informationAssimilation of precipitation-related observations into global NWP models
Assimilation of precipitation-related observations into global NWP models Alan Geer, Katrin Lonitz, Philippe Lopez, Fabrizio Baordo, Niels Bormann, Peter Lean, Stephen English Slide 1 H-SAF workshop 4
More informationProjects in the Remote Sensing of Aerosols with focus on Air Quality
Projects in the Remote Sensing of Aerosols with focus on Air Quality Faculty Leads Barry Gross (Satellite Remote Sensing), Fred Moshary (Lidar) Direct Supervision Post-Doc Yonghua Wu (Lidar) PhD Student
More informationSatellite data assimilation for NWP: II
Satellite data assimilation for NWP: II Jean-Noël Thépaut European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with contributions from many ECMWF colleagues Slide 1 Special thanks to: Tony McNally,
More informationProfiling Boundary Layer Temperature Using Microwave Radiometer in East Coast of China
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 4, 19 6, 14 Profiling Boundary Layer Temperature Using Microwave Radiometer in East Coast of China Ning Wang *, Zhen-Wei Zhao, Le-Ke Lin, Qing-Lin Zhu, Hong-Guang
More informationEffects of Possible Scan Geometries on the Accuracy of Satellite Measurements of Water Vapor
1710 JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 16 Effects of Possible Scan Geometries on the Accuracy of Satellite Measurements of Water Vapor LARRY M. MCMILLIN National Environmental Satellite,
More informationAnonymous Referee #2 In black => referee observations In red => our response. General comments
Response to interactive comment of Referee #2 on Experimental total uncertainty of the derived GNSS-integrated water vapour using four co-located techniques in Finland by E. Fionda et al. Anonymous Referee
More informationSNOWFALL RATE RETRIEVAL USING AMSU/MHS PASSIVE MICROWAVE DATA
SNOWFALL RATE RETRIEVAL USING AMSU/MHS PASSIVE MICROWAVE DATA Huan Meng 1, Ralph Ferraro 1, Banghua Yan 2 1 NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, 5200 Auth Road Room 701, Camp Spring, MD, USA 20746 2 Perot Systems Government
More informationPrinciples of Radiative Transfer Principles of Remote Sensing. Marianne König EUMETSAT
- Principles of Radiative Transfer Principles of Remote Sensing Marianne König EUMETSAT marianne.koenig@eumetsat.int Remote Sensing All measurement processes which perform observations/measurements of
More informationChannel frequency optimization of spaceborne millimeter-wave radiometer for integrated water vapor retrieval in Arctic region
Issue 3, Volume 2, 2008 157 Channel frequency optimization of spaceborne millimeter-wave radiometer for integrated water vapor retrieval in Arctic region Haibo Zhao and Jungang Miao Abstract Water vapor
More informationAssessing the Radiative Impact of Clouds of Low Optical Depth
Assessing the Radiative Impact of Clouds of Low Optical Depth W. O'Hirok and P. Ricchiazzi Institute for Computational Earth System Science University of California Santa Barbara, California C. Gautier
More informationAPPLICATIONS WITH METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES. W. Paul Menzel. Office of Research and Applications NOAA/NESDIS University of Wisconsin Madison, WI
APPLICATIONS WITH METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES by W. Paul Menzel Office of Research and Applications NOAA/NESDIS University of Wisconsin Madison, WI July 2004 Unpublished Work Copyright Pending TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationP2.7 CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRS TEMPERATURE AND WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY USING CORRELATIVE OBSERVATIONS
P2.7 CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRS TEMPERATURE AND WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY USING CORRELATIVE OBSERVATIONS Eric J. Fetzer, Annmarie Eldering and Sung -Yung Lee Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
More informationActive rain-gauge concept for liquid clouds using W-band and S-band Doppler radars
Active rain-gauge concept for liquid clouds using W-band and S-band Doppler radars Leyda León-Colón *a, Sandra L. Cruz-Pol *a, Stephen M. Sekelsky **b a Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ.
More informationOutline. December 14, Applications Scattering. Chemical components. Forward model Radiometry Data retrieval. Applications in remote sensing
in in December 4, 27 Outline in 2 : RTE Consider plane parallel Propagation of a signal with intensity (radiance) I ν from the top of the to a receiver on Earth Take a layer of thickness dz Layer will
More informationTHE IMPACT OF GROUND-BASED GPS SLANT-PATH WET DELAY MEASUREMENTS ON SHORT-RANGE PREDICTION OF A PREFRONTAL SQUALL LINE
JP1.17 THE IMPACT OF GROUND-BASED GPS SLANT-PATH WET DELAY MEASUREMENTS ON SHORT-RANGE PREDICTION OF A PREFRONTAL SQUALL LINE So-Young Ha *1,, Ying-Hwa Kuo 1, Gyu-Ho Lim 1 National Center for Atmospheric
More informationECE 583. xˆ, x ˆ. b ˆ. Lecture 11 Aerosol size distribution retrieval, Gaseous absorber retrieval. Atmospheric Remote Sensing Retrievals
11-1 ECE 583 Lecture 11 Aerosol size distribution retrieval, Gaseous absorber retrieval The Remote Sensing Retrieval Problem Atmospheric Remote Sensing Retrievals Based on some sort of relation defined
More informationTowards a better use of AMSU over land at ECMWF
Towards a better use of AMSU over land at ECMWF Blazej Krzeminski 1), Niels Bormann 1), Fatima Karbou 2) and Peter Bauer 1) 1) European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Shinfield Park,
More informationx = x a +(K T S e -1 K+S a -1 ) -1 K T S e -1 *[R-F(x)+K*(x-x a )]
P2.7 RETRIEVALS OF ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE FROM UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCANNING-HIGH-RESOLUTION INTERFEROMETER SOUNDER (S-HIS) UPWELLING RADIANCE OBSERVATIONS USING A BAYESIAN MAXIMUM A POSTERIORI
More informationSurface Radiation Budget from ARM Satellite Retrievals
Surface Radiation Budget from ARM Satellite Retrievals P. Minnis, D. P. Kratz, and T. P. charlock Atmospheric Sciences National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia
More information