Progress of the Climate Observation System in Japan, as Contributions to GCOS Regional Activities in Asia

Transcription

1 1 Progress of the Climate Observation System in Japan, as Contributions to GCOS Regional Activities in Asia SUDA Kazuto Director, Atmospheric Environment Division Japan Meteorological Agency

2 Climate Observations in Japan Contributing organizations to GCOS Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA): GCOS National Coordinator Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) / Water and Disaster Management Bureau Japanese Alliance for Climate Change Observation (JACCO) 2

3 3 Atmospheric Observation Monthly monitoring results Annual Reports GSN Monitoring Centre (DWD and JMA) CBS Lead Centres for GCOS Contact with NMHSs -Diagnose problems -Technical advice GCOS Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) CLIMAT messages GTS GSN Monitoring Centre Focal Point NMHS CBS Lead Centres for GCOS in East Asia and Southeast Asia GCOS Surface Network (GSN) GCOS Upper Air Network (GUAN) Sapporo Wakkanai Nemuro The averaged performance index has continued to be around 0.9. Averaged performance index for all GSN stations in JMA s area of responsibility (East and Southeast Asia) Akita Wajima Tateno Choshi Nagasaki Oita Shionomisaki Kagoshima Naha Chichijima Miyakojima Minamidaitojima Minamitorishima Ishigakijima

4 Atmospheric Observation Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Greenhouse Gases Ryori Yonagunijima Minamitorishima WMO World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG): starting to collect satellite data GAW Quality Assurance/Science Activity Centre (QA/SAC) for Asia and the South-West Pacific GAW World Calibration Centre (WCC) for Methane in Asia and the South-West Pacific Regional Dobson Calibration Centre (RDCC) for Asia WMO/GAW Regional Dobson Intercomparison for Asia in March 2016 at Tsukuba (with China, Pakistan and Thailand) Source: GAWSIS Total ozone data archived at GAW/WOUDC 4 Naha Sapporo Tsukuba Minamitorishima

5 JMA's Reanalysis Project JRA-55 the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis Covering a period of 55 years extending back to 1958 when regular radiosonde observations became operational on a global basis The first global atmospheric reanalysis to apply four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var), dating back to the pre-satellite era Continuously producing JRA-55 dataset on a near real-time basis using the same data assimilation system (also called JRA-55) Improved quality with the use of reprocessed Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV) and Clear Sky Radiance (CSR) from GMS, GOES-9 and MTSAT-1R JMA's reprocessed data are also provided to CMA (CRA-40) and ECMWF RMSEs in five-day forecasts of 500-hPa geopotential height 5

6 Regional Capacity Development GCOS Cooperation Mechanism Supplied radiosondes to Rarotonga, Cook Islands and renovated two GSN stations, Pukapuka and Penrhyn in 2010 Supplied radiosondes again to Rarotonga, also to Yerevan, Armenia and to Khartoum, Sudan in 2011 and 2012 Provided support for operation (e.g. radiosonde and balloons) of the GUAN station at Yerevan, Armenia in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 Supplied radiosondes and balloons to Gan, Maldives in 2015 jointly with the UK Other Cooperation Projects Promoting the establishment of strategic environmental monitoring systems using satellites in the Asia-Pacific region, pilot projects concerning the utilization of satellite, and capacity development Training seminars on long-range forecasting, climate monitoring, and other topics at the Tokyo Climate Center (TCC), as a WMO Regional Climate Center Supporting a long-running training course in meteorology, including the production of climate information, conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 6

7 GMS/MTSAT/Himawari Satellite Observation Computing Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs), Clear Sky Radiance (CSR), and land surface albedo data from the observations of past satellites Providing the results to WMO SCOPE-CM ( Sustained and COordinated Processing of Environmental satellite data for Climate Monitoring ) AMVs and CSR products also provided to reanalysis projects (CRA, ERA, JRA) Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) GOSAT launched in 2009, estimating column-averaged dry-air mole fractions, as well as regional fluxes of CO 2 and CH 4 The successor, GOSAT-2, to be launched in 2018 to continue and enhance measurement of GHGs started by GOSAT, as well as monitor carbon cycle changes due to climate change and human activities "Global Change Observation Mission" (GCOM) series GCOM-W (Water) launched in 2012 to observe continuously water-related parameters such as water vapor, snow depth, sea ice and soil moisture GCOM-C (Climate) to be launched by early 2018 for long-term monitoring of aerosols, clouds, snow cover, as well as vegetation and temperature, in the land and ocean regions 7

8 Satellite Observation Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) measured by GCOM-C & W, GOSAT Atmospheric Surface Upper-air Composition Air temperature Temperature Carbon dioxide Wind speed & direction Wind speed & direction Methane Water vapour Water vapour & other longlived GHGs * Pressure Precipitation Surface radiation budget Cloud properties Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiance) Ozone & Aerosol supported by their precursors ** * including N 2 O, CFCs, HCFCs, SF 6, PFCs ** in particular NO 2, SO 2, HCHO, CO ECVs measured by GCOM-C ECVs measured by GCOM-W ECVs measured by GOSAT 23 / 50 + ECVs are covered by GCOM-W, GCOM-C and GOSAT + ECVs largely dependent on satellite observations identified by CEOS and GCOS as shown in bold River discharge Water use Groundwater Lakes Snow cover Terrestrial Glaciers and ice caps Ice sheets Permafrost Albedo Land cover (including vegetation type Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPR) Leaf area index (LAI) Above-ground biomass Soil carbon Fire disturbance Soil moisture Surface Sea-surface temperature Sea-surface salinity Sea level Sea state Sea ice Surface current Ocean colour CO 2 partial pressure Ocean acidity Phytoplankton Oceanic Sub-surface Temperature Salinity Current Nutrients CO 2 partial pressure Ocean acidity Oxygen Tracers Courtesy of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and JAXA 8

9 Radiation and Aerosol Observation Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) SKYNET site map Source: AWI JMA (Sapporo, Ishigakijima and Minamitorishima) to join in 2018 Regional Radiation Centre (RCC) - Tokyo WMO RA-II 4th Regional Pyrheliometer Comparison, January/February 2017 in Tsukuba Source: SKYNET International Data Center SKYNET International Organization China, Hong Kong, Solomon Is., Australia, Japan, WRC Source: SKYNET International Data Center 9

10 Ocean Observation North-East Asian Regional GOOS (NEAR-GOOS) The NEAR-GOOS Regional Real Time Database is operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) (delayed mode at the Japan Coast Guard) Advanced Ocean Observing System (Argo Project) Japan Argo Real Time Data Base is operated by JMA for the real time distribution of Argo Profiling Float data. (delayed mode at JAMSTEC*) * Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Source: Pacific Argo Regional Center (PARC) 10

11 Ocean Observation Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) Status within the PSMSL data set - December 2010 Category 1: "Operational" stations for which the latest data is 2006 or later. Category 2: "Probably operational" stations for which the latest data is within the period Category 3: "Historical" stations for which the latest data is earlier than Category 4: "Stations for which no PSMSL data exist. Source: 11

12 Ocean Observation International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) Source: International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project Data are publicly available from JMA, WDCGG, Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas (SOCAT) database and PACIFICA database Source: SOCAT (NOAA/PMEL) 12

13 Terrestrial Observation GCOS Baseline River Discharge Network (GTN-R) FLUXNET and Asian Regional Network (AsiaFlux) The 2012 composition of the GCOS Baseline River Discharge Network (GTN-R) based on the GRDC (Global Runoff Data Centre) priority stations. (Source: GTOS, GRDC, 2012.) ChinaFLUX Source: FLUXNET2015 Dataset Source: JapanFlux 13

14 Summary Japan has participated in a wide range of monitoring networks contributing to the measurement of GCOS Essential Climate Variables (ECVs). Contributions are also made through the operation of international or regional centres, and through the cooperation with neighbouring countries. Satellite observations cover a significant part of ECVs and contribute to improved quality of reanalysis projects. GSN GUAN GAW BSRN GRUAN Skynet NEAR-GOOS Argo GLOSS IOCCP GTN-R FLUXNET 14