From Space-Based Measurements to Climate Data Records

Transcription

1 From Space-Based Measurements to Climate Data Records Jörg Schulz Rob Roebeling, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Viju John, Alessio Lattanzio, Frank Rüthrich, Arndt Meier, Andrey Bogdanov, Julia Figa, Craig Andersson Andersson, Axel Von Engeln Engeln, Christian Marquardt, Tim Hewison 1 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

2 Introduction to Climate Monitoring EUMETSAT 2 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

3 EUMETSAT s Role in Climate Monitoring Operates one of the longest satellite time series (Meteosat); Operates benchmark quality instruments, t e.g., IASI, GRAS; We have the capability to enhance the value of past observations through inter- satellite calibration and reprocessing; We generate 16 instrument Fundamental Climate Data Records (FCDR) in VIS, IR and MW spectral range; We generate Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDR) contributing to 20 GCOS ECVs; Address GCOS needs and requirements and follow GCOS Climate Monitoring Principles and Guidelines as best as feasible. 3 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

4 Implemented contributions to GCOS ECVs Atmosphere Ocean Terrestrial Composition Surface Aerosol Properties Sea Surface Temperature Land Cover Methan & Long Lived GHGs Sea Level Fire Disturbance Ozone Sea Ice Soil Moisture Carbon Dioxide Ocean Colour Glacier and Ice Caps Precursors (for Aerosol & O3) Sea State Ice Sheets Upper Air Current Snow Cover Cloud Properties Sea Surface Salinity Albedo Temperature Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure Leaf Area Index Water Vapour Phytoplankton FAPAR Wind Speed and Direction Ocean Acidity Lakes Earth Radiation Budget Sub Surface Above Ground Biomass Surface Carbon Permafrost Surface Air Pressure Current Ground Water Surface Air Temperature Nutrients River Discharge Surface Precipitation Ocean Acidity Soil Carbon Surface Radiation Budget Oxygen Land Surface Temperature Water Vapour (Surface Humidity) (ocean only) Near-surface Wind Speed (ocean only) 4 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016 Salinity Temperature Tracers Global Ocean Heat Content EUMETSAT

5 EUMETSAT Satellites Past, Present and Future 5 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

6 Some missions are optimised for climate monitoring 6 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

7 Metop-A ASCAT Data Record ASCAT Ocean winds Sea ice drift Soil moisture Radar backscatter signature of tropical rainforest; Recalibration eliminates drifts and jumps in the time series; Reflects only natural variations of backscatter of the forest canopy; EUMETSAT provides the basis for improved ECV data records EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

8 ... but others were mainly built for monitoring weather No Name 8 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

9 Meteosat FCDR Developed Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) of METEOSAT First and Second Generation channels: WV channel ( µm) sensing water vapour in the upper troposphere IR channel ( µm) sensing surface emission 1982 present; i.e., 30+ years of time series which suffice climate analyses Changes of operational calibration approaches over time: Vicarious calibration (since beginning); Black body calibration (since 29 May 2000): Started with MET7 and updated on 4 January 2001; A cross calibration for MET5 using MET7 (since 31 May 2001); There have been many updates in these calibrations in between; Other changes: Instrument changes; Decontamination events; Gain settings. 9 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

10 Why do we need re-calibration? 10 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016 Brogniez et al., 2006

11 Calibration Approach for WV channel Schmetz, 1989 Soden and Lanzante, T B [K] 11 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

12 Impact of GSICS correction: Using IASI as reference Fig: MET-7 Infrared (IR) channel brightness temperature daily anomalies for the original time series and corrected time series using GSICS inter-calibration method. IASI instrument on board Metop-A is used as the reference instrument. Time series is smoothed to remove variability on time scales shorter than a month. 12 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

13 Selecting Reference Instruments HIRS-2/3/4 HIRS -2 HIRS-3/4 MET Availability of reference instruments AIRS HIRS/ IASI 13 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

14 Inter-calibrated Meteosat Brightness Temperature Every image IR 10.8 m (top) and WV 6.2 m (bottom) brightness temperature [K] at Libya site MFG 4 MFG 5 MFG 6 MFG 7 MSG 1 MSG 2 MSG MFG 2 MFG 3 MFG 4 MFG 5 MFG 6 MFG Figure courtesy of Reto Stoeckli, Meteo Swiss - I really like the (visual, not statistical) cleanness of the IR BT s over time. It s a marvel to look at it. 14 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

15 Free Troposphere Humidity TCDR Free tropospheric humidity (%) monthly means at Payerne site MFG 2 MFG 4 MFG 4 MFG 5 MFG MFG MFG 7 MFG 7 MSG 2 MSG 3 MSG EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

16 Innovation: EUMETSAT involvement in EU Research Support to Reanalysis Listen to Dick Dee on C3S on Friday to learn where all this goes; Visit Viju John s poster on MW Sounding FCDR today. Support to Quality Assurance Quantitative Uncertainty Characterisation m m2 k u1 u 2 u u2 Listen to Chris Merchant on metrological approaches on Thursday; Visit Peter Thorn s posters on GAIA-CLIM on Friday. 16 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016

17 Celebrate 30 Years EUMETSAT 17 EUM/OPS/VWG/16/874970, V1, 29 February 2016