EUMETSAT GPRC Report. Jo Schmetz Tim Hewison, Sebastien Wagner, Rob Roebeling, Peter Miu, Simon Elliot, Harald Rothfuss, Bartolomeo Viticchie EUMETSAT

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1 EUMETSAT GPRC Report Jo Schmetz Tim Hewison, Sebastien Wagner, Rob Roebeling, Peter Miu, Simon Elliot, Harald Rothfuss, Bartolomeo Viticchie EUMETSAT Slide: 1

2 Overview Satellite Status Calibration Support for MSG-3 Commissioning Instrument Event Logs Bias Plotting Tool Development of GSICS Products at EUMETSAT GEO-LEO IR : Double-differencing MetopA/IASI-MetopB/IASI Implementation of DCC algorithm to MSG Implementation of ROLO to MSG lunar observations Re-calibration of Meteosat archive data Products development Time Line Slide: 2

3 EUMETSAT commitment to long term continuity... YEAR METEOSAT FIRST GENERATION METEOSAT-6 METEOSAT-7 METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION METEOSAT-8 METEOSAT-9 METEOSAT-10 METEOSAT-11 Mandatory Programmes EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM (EPS) METOP-A METOP-B METEOSAT THIRD GENERATION MTG-l-1 MTG-S-1 MTG-l-2 MTG-l-3 MTG-S-2 METOP-C EPS SECOND GENERATION MTG-l-4 Optional and 3 rd Party Programmes OCEAN SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY MISSION JASON-2 JASON-3 JASON CONTINUITY OF SERVICES (CS) THIRD-PARTY PROGRAMMES GMES SENTINEL-3 GMES SENTINEL-4 ON MTG-S GMES SENTINEL-5 ON EPS SECOND GENERATION

4 Meteosat Long-Term Planning Perspective 2013 N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M 3.4ºW 0º 3.5ºE 9.5ºE MSG-3 Commissioning MSG-3 Launch Met-9 Met-8 Met-10 drift start Met-9 drift start Met-10 drift stop MSG-4 Commissioning MSG-4 Launch Met-8 at 3 inclination Met-9 RSS stop/drift start Met-10 drift stop/rss start Met-11 IOS (Duration TBD) Met-11 drift start Met-10 drift start Met-11 drift stop MTG-I1 Commissioning MTG-I1 Launch Met-11 Met-9 Met ºE 63ºE 67.5ºE Met-7 Met-8 RSS stop/drift start Met-9 drift stop/rss start Met-8 takes over IODC (if agreed by Council) Met-7 disposal Met-7 Met-8 Met-8 at 5 NS inclination N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M Slide: 5

5 MSG spacecraft relocations completed Met-10 Met-9 Met W E 9.5 E Full Earth Scan Back up Rapid Scan Service Slide: 6

6 Support for Recent & Forthcoming Launches Supported commissioning of Meteosat-10 (MSG3) by running prototype inter-calibration wrt Metop-A/IASI Validated potential variations to official SRF Performed SEVIRI Solar Channel Calibration & analyzed Monitor Metop-A/IASI and Metop-B/IASI by double-differencing against Meteosat/SEVIRI also applicable to Metop-A/HIRS and Metop-B/HIRS but not started Starting planning inter-calibration activities for Sentinel-3 SLSTR Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer Completed Study on inter-calibration with IASI OLCI - Ocean and Land Colour Instrument Slide: 7

7 Overview Satellite Status Calibration Support for MSG-3 Commissioning Instrument Event Logs Bias Plotting Tool Development of GSICS Products at EUMETSAT GEO-LEO IR : Double-differencing MetopA/IASI-MetopB/IASI Implementation of DCC algorithm to MSG Implementation of ROLO to MSG lunar observations Re-calibration of Meteosat archive data Products development Time Line Slide: 8

8 MSG-3 Commissioning Results IR Inter-Cal v. IASI IASI during MSG commissioning for 1 st time Rapid changes in IR13.4 Ice Contamination changes SRF Fits same model as MSG2 for 0-3μm ice Rate of change decreasing with age Decontaminations: July, Sept & Dec 2012 Doesn t return to zero bias afterwards IR3.9 shows sinusoidal variation Interference effects of thin film of ice ~λ Apparent in other shortwave channels Also seen in MSG2 long time series (4yr) Slide: 10

9 Overview Satellite Status Calibration Support for MSG-3 Commissioning Instrument Event Logs Bias Plotting Tool Development of GSICS Products at EUMETSAT GEO-LEO IR : Double-differencing MetopA/IASI-MetopB/IASI Implementation of DCC algorithm to MSG Implementation of ROLO to MSG lunar observations Re-calibration of Meteosat archive data Products development Time Line Slide: 13

10 Calibration Events Working Group Plan 2013/14 EUMETSAT Calibration Events Working Group (CE-WG) Initiated an internal project: to further assess requirements; to explore how to build upon existing systems; ITERATIVE PROCESS to consolidate user and system requirements; to set up a pilot calibration event logging system Collaborate NOAA, GSICS, and other scientific users: to validate the mandatory EventsList and EventsTypes Objects; to validate the mandatory Attributes of each EventsList and EventsTypes Object; (following ISO standards) to validate common data standards to be used. Reported at CGMS41 July 2013.

11 Overview Satellite Status Calibration Support for MSG-3 Commissioning Instrument Event Logs Bias Plotting Tool Development of GSICS Products at EUMETSAT GEO-LEO IR : Double-differencing MetopA/IASI-MetopB/IASI Implementation of DCC algorithm to MSG Implementation of ROLO to MSG lunar observations Re-calibration of Meteosat archive data Products development Time Line Slide: 15

12 GSICS Correction for GEO-LEO IR

13 GSICS Bias Plotting Tool New Interactive Bias Plotting Tool Developed by EUMETSAT Visualisation of GSICS Corrections Reads coefficients directly from GSICS Data Servers Expressed as Time Series of Bias For selectable scene radiance For selectable time period As BT for GEO-LEO IR Uses radiance-bt conversion functions & coeffs in netcdf Common tool for all Allows easy comparison of results Possible as we have standard directories, filenames, variables Click for Live Demo

14 Overview Satellite Status Calibration Support for MSG-3 Commissioning Instrument Event Logs Bias Plotting Tool Development of GSICS Products at EUMETSAT GEO-LEO IR : Double-differencing MetopA/IASI-MetopB/IASI Implementation of DCC algorithm to MSG Implementation of ROLO to MSG lunar observations Re-calibration of Meteosat archive data Products development Time Line Slide: 18

15 GSICS Products Development GEO-LEO IR hyperspectral GSICS Re-Analysis & Near-Real-Time Corrections for Meteosat/SEVIRI-MetopA/IASI Entered Pre-Operational status January 2013 Currently being generated for Meteosat-9 and -10 with Metop-A and Metop-B/IASI Plan to inject alternative calibration coefficients -> L1.5 HDR Delta Correction to migrate MetopB/IASI -> MetopA/IASI In development Plan to include in netcdf files of MetopB GSICS Corrections To allow users to convert back to MetopA/IASI Differences between IASI-A and B negligible (<40mK) Slide: 19

16 GSICS Products Development DCC Implementation of ATBD on-going: Decoupled processing of MODIS and SEVIRI to derive gains in place Angular transformation in place Ray-matching to establish bias between MODIS and SEVIRI BT missing Spectral transformation missing Uncertainty analysis missing Future work: Finalize implementation of DCC ATBD Validate against D. Doelling results Generate Demo product for MET-9 Generate validation data for GSICS Integrate algorithm in the monitoring processing chain (MET-8, 9 and 10) Reprocessing of the past data: MFGs (in particular MET-7) MSGs (MET-8 and 9) Meteosat-9 counts can saturate in DCCs!

17 Applying ROLO model to Meteosat Moon Obs Developed algorithm to extract Moon Based on mask from IR channel and space count statistics We easily spot the Moon in the IR8.7 channel Slide: 21

18 Applying ROLO model to Meteosat Moon Obs Developed algorithm to extract Moon Based on mask from IR channel and space count statistics Extracted Moon images from archive MSG1 (almost all), MSG2 (all), MSG3 (all) Working on Meteosat-7 (MFG) MSG1: observations used in the MSG1 ROLO run (subset of the archive ) ordered with increasing phase angles. We easily spot the Moon in the IR8.7 channel Slide: 22

19 Applying ROLO model to Meteosat Moon Obs Developed algorithm to extract Moon Based on mask from IR channel and space count statistics Extracted Moon images from archive MSG1 (almost all), MSG2 (all), MSG3 (all) Working on Meteosat-7 (MFG) Implemented ROLO Model [Kieffer & Stone, 2005] Validated by Tom Stone Found Phase-angle-dependent Bias Developed empirical correction Working with Tom Stone to fix model MSG1: observations used in the MSG1 ROLO run (subset of the archive ) ordered with increasing phase angles. Relative Bias of MSG1-ROLO Lunar Irradiance v. Phase Angle Slide: 23

20 Applying ROLO model to Meteosat Moon Obs Developed algorithm to extract Moon Based on mask from IR channel and space count statistics Extracted Moon images from archive MSG1 (almost all), MSG2 (all), MSG3 (all) Working on Meteosat-7 (MFG) Implemented ROLO Model [Kieffer & Stone, 2005] Validated by Tom Stone Found Phase-angle-dependent Bias Developed empirical correction Working with Tom Stone to fix model Results confirm excellent cal stability <1%/8yr for MSG VIS0.6 and VIS0.8 Highly reproducible NIR1.6 and HRV channels more variable Absolute Calibration only good to ~5-10% (Limited by ROLO & solid angle uncertainty) MSG1: observations used in the MSG1 ROLO run (subset of the archive ) ordered with increasing phase angles. Time Series of Operational MSG1 Calibration wrt ROLO as Percentage Bias in Integrated Irradiance after Phase Angle Correction Slide: 24

21 Archive Re-Calibration of Meteosat-HIRS MET2 MET3 4 3 MET4 Original MET5 Instrument Calibration changes Fig: Satellites used for the ISCCP climate data record. (Courtesy of Ken Knapp, NOAA-NCDC) Slide: 25

22 Meteosat 1 st generation was built for looking at the changing weather: No adequate calibration Slide: 26

23 The calibration jumps had reasons: => Calibration Improvements for Meteosat 1st Generation (vicarious calibrations for IR and WV channels) Vicarious calibrations were first introduced in 1986 (IR) and 1987 (WV). They were the basis for quantitative applications (Atmospheric Motion Vectors, cloud analysis, UTH, OLR, etc.): Real-time radiative transfer calculations for IR and WV channel IR channel: Use of SST from AVHRR (Reynolds) as lower boundary and profiles from ECMWF short-term forecast WV channel: Use of radiosonde temperature and humidity profiles and collocated clear-sky WV observations Essential was a good quality control of radiosondes

24 First operational calibration of the Meteosat WV channel: RT model with radiosonde profiles and collocated clear-sky WV raw radiances (counts), Applied Optics, 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 1995 The new operational WV calibration led to: - A large improvement of Cloud Motion Winds via the semi-transparency correction (see Schmetz et al., Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1993) - Quantitative use of the WV channel for UTH retrieval (e.g. Schmetz and Turpeinen, J. Appl. Meteor., 1988; Schmetz and van de Berg, GRL, 1994)

25 Upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) product: Improvement after introducing new WV calibration comparison with radiosondes Standard deviation radiosonde vs. Meteosat UTH (%) 20 % 10 % Time from 1983 until end of 1989

26 When doing reprocessing one should ask: Are the meta-data sufficiently accurate? (example here: spectral response functions of Meteosat 1 st generation) In the early days of satellites information on spectral response functions were not very accurate 110 K detector T 85 K detector T.. and, maybe it is hard to believe, the need was not appreciated! <= example for the IR-window channel (Note: Operating temperature of focal plane was 90 K)

27 Inter-calibration Meteosat s heritage channels Is pre-requisite for generation of FCDRs Is made part of the SCOPE-CM inter-calibration activity (IOGEO) Will follow GSICS-developed methods: Adapting where necessary Inter-calibration IR and WV channels Use HIRS on NOAA/Metop as reference instrument Need Spectral Band Adjustment Factors Account for calibration & orbital drift Inter-calibration VIS (and NIR) channels Use Deep Convective Clouds / Rayleigh Scattering / Moon As pseudo invariant targets to transfer calibration from Aqua/MODIS

28 Double-Differencing to inter-calibrate Meteosat-HIRS Delta

29 EUMETSAT s GSICS Product Development Plan GEO-LEO IR

30 Thank You! Slide: 34