Reading and Interpreting Weather Data
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1 Reading and Interpreting Weather Data WxLive! Session 2 Copyright 2012 Weather4Sailors The material contained in this document is for the exclusive use of WxLive webinar participants and may not be shared without the permission of the copyright holder.
2 Objectives For the Series How to get weather info onboard? How do we decide which equipment to use? How to read and interpret marine weather data FYI: How to apply weather data to your Newport Bermuda Race strategy will be held in June
3 Objectives For this Session How do weather systems work? How do we gather and interpret marine weather data to determine future weather conditions? What are the best weather data sources (publicallyavailable) What are the phases of planning? What weather data do we use in each phrase?
4
5 Some People Are Weather-wise, but Most Are Otherwise Benjamin Franklin
6 Hosts Bill Biewenga Over 400,000 nm at sea Multiple speed records, numerous races and deliveries 39 Transatlantics as well as passages through virtually every ocean of the world Author & lecturer Lou Roberts Co-owner Weather4Sailors.com Winner 2008 Marion to Bermuda Short Handed Trophy Corporate consultant in instructional media and training
7 Panelists Ken Campbell Commanders Weather Joe Sienkiewicz National Weather Service s Ocean Prediction Center (NOAA)
8 Weather Acumen Questions Use the Chat Room to answer the questions.
9 Public vs. Private Weather Forecasters What s the role of public (government) vs. private weather forecasting? What s the difference between human/machine forecasting and machine forecasting?
10
11 Topics Weather Maps (OPC) Satellite Images Radar Images Local Conditions
12 Weather Maps Surf Anal, N Atl, Valid , 12Z
13 The Difference Ship Obs Makes
14 Weather Map Symbols Weather Routing Wizard Weather Map Symbols Tool
15 Fronts
16 Professionals analyze frontal lows & high pressure centers first: Note added surface ship observations are used to better position fronts & pressure centers
17 Cold Front, Side View
18 Warm Front, Side View
19 Weather Maps Surf Anal, N Atl, Valid , 12Z
20 Weather Maps 24 Hr Frcst, W N Atl, Valid , 12Z
21 Weather Maps 48 Hr Frcst, N Atl, Valid , 12Z
22 Weather Maps 96 Hr Frcst, N Atl, Valid , 12Z
23 Weather Maps Surf Anal, N Atl, Valid , 12Z
24 Weather Map Animations Animations allow you to see the direction and movement of weather patterns. Ocean Prediction Center (OPC) website
25 Health Break
26 500 mb Chart & What It Tells Us Numbers refer to ALTITUDE not Pressure All the contours are 500 mb of pressure Altitude is measure in meters above sea level Helps predict Speed and direction of surface lows Intensity of surface lows Influence on surface lows Cut off lows Blocking ridges High amplitude jet stream Low amplitude jet stream
27 500 mb Chart How surface low pressure system works with the 5640 line Refer to 2 static maps (surface and 500 mb for the same timeframe)
28 500 mb Chart Valid , 00Z
29 Surface Analysis Chart Valid , 00Z
30 500 mb Chart Cut off Low
31 500 mb Chart Blocking Ridge
32 N Hemisphere High
33 N Hemisphere Low
34 Satellite Images Sat Pic, IR, N Atl, Valid , 12Z
35 Satellite Images Surf Anal, N Atl, Valid , 12Z
36 Scatterometer QuikScat
37 Scatterometer (ASCAT)
38 Scatterometer (OSCAT)
39 OSCAT in OPC operations ASCAT OSCAT
40 OSCAT and ASCAT in operations ASCAT and OSCAT: 1200 UTC 13 Mar GOES Sea Surface Temp: 1800 UTC 13 Mar GFS wind speeds: 1500 UTC 13 Mar ACSAT-GFS difference: 1500 UTC 13 Mar
41 Numerical Forecast Models GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODELS GFS U.S. NWS Global Forecast System 4 x s daily, global ECMWF EU Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting 2x s daily, global CMC Canadian Meteorological Center 2x s daily, global NOGAPS Navy Operational Global Atmos Prediction System 4x s daily, global UKMET - UK METeorological Office 2x s daily, global REGIONAL MODELS Weather Research Forecast (WRF) Model based NAM U.S. North American Mesoscale Model 12 km to 4 km (6 hour cycle) (output hourly thru 36 hrs, then 3 hourly to 84 hrs) RAP U.S. RAPid Refresh (formerly RUC, Rapid Update Cycle) 13 km (hourly cycle) (output to 18 hrs) NWW3 NOAA WAVEWATCH III
42 Using ASCAT/OSCAT to confirm buoy &ship reports
43 Satellite Imagery Interpretation The Weather Routing Wizard contains many job aids These job aids help simplify the process of apply the theory in this course. How to Read Satellite Images Tool
44 Animated Satellite maps NASA s Global Hydrology website shows animated and static near-real time satellite images NASA website
45 Health Break
46 GRIBs Gridded Binary files Based on computer models Common GRIB models include: GFS U.S. NWS Global Forecast System ECMWF EU Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasti CMC Canadian Meteorological Center NOGAPS Navy Operational Global Atmos Prediction System UKMET - UK METeorological Office NAM U.S. North American Mesoscale Model RAP U.S. RAPid Refresh (formerly RUC, Rapid Update Cycle) GFS model available at
47 Which model represents the best forecast?
48 Therefore, how useful are GRIBs?
49 Radar
50 Animated Radar Animated radar is available on the web Shows rain, but not necessarily wind Shows clouds, but not height (vs. satellite) Offshore constraints As a downloaded file - not practical for offshore sailors with limited bandwidth Available through Sirius Using your radar to track fronts at night
51 Local Conditions Influences the larger, synoptic scale wx But CAN be the dominant weather feature
52 Sea Breeze Weather Routing Wizard Sea Breeze Tool
53 Clouds & What They re Telling Us Weather Routing Wizard Cloud Forecasting Tool Cloud Gallery Website Cloud Gallery website
54 Dealing With Islands Between island Convergent winds Divergent winds Circulation around / over islands Bermuda Night land breezes Topographical influences
55 Between Islands Convergent and Divergent winds
56 Circulation around / over islands
57 Night land breezes Night land breezes are significantly influenced by Topographical features Temp differential between land and sea Not a sea breeze in reverse Topography based: If cooling is taking place in adjacent mountaintops, the cooler air at night time can roll down the mountain side and accelerate the night breeze Generally weaker than sea breeze
58 Gulf Stream Interaction between water and air TEMP. Formation of warm and cold eddies Resultant cloud formation.
59 The Planning Process Before Departure The single most important decision for a successful voyage may well be prior to your departure time. Know the forecast ahead of time Know ahead of time what products or services you will use at sea Know how to work with your private weather routing service Be in a position to intelligently engage; they are an advisory service only. The ultimate responsibility for weather forecasts and routing rests with the skipper and his/her properly trained crew.
60 The Planning Process While Underway Monitor the weather as part of watch keeping/navigation Log wind speed & direction, barometric pressure, sea state Monitor the weather Near shore: VHF, Smartphone, Wifi Offshore: HF-SSB, Satellite Update the current forecast and routinely verifying it with the most current analyses. Keep asking: Is the weather evolving as planned? If not determine why and redefine routing options
61 Organize your Weather Files
62 Resources Contributed by all speakers How best to use them Links to recorded session Further Study Speakers Contact Information Tables, Calculators, Tools When they will be available
63 Weather Routing Wizard
64 Upcoming Webinars NorthU Trim Bill Gladstone, Host March 24 (all day) March 27 and 29, 7p EDT Performance Software Featuring EXPEDITION Peter Isler, Host April 23 and 25, 7p EDT Newport Bermuda Race Strategy Bill Biewenga, Host June 4 and 11, 7 p, 2012 EDT
65 For Further Study Articles Mariner s Guide to 500 mb charts Mariner s Guide to Hurricanes Oceanography from Space Arctic Impact Study Books and CD s
66 Contacts Ken Campbell, Commanders Weather Tel: Website: Joe Sienkiewicz Lee Chesneau Bill Biewenga Website: Lou Roberts Website:
67 Reading and Interpreting Weather Data WxLive! Session 2 The End (Resources will be made available by )
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