Fall Pest Management Meeting University of Arizona. Yuma Civic and Convention Center. Title: Sponsor: Date: Location:

Transcription

1 Title: Sponsor: Fall Pest Management Meeting University of Arizona Date: Location: Yuma Civic and Convention Center

2 Fall Produce Insect Pest Management Review John C. Palumbo

3 Whiteflies Aphid Complex I. Review of 23/24 II. III. Research and New Products Recommendations Worm Complex Thrips

4 Fall / Winter Temperatures Yuma Valley - AZMET Avg. Daily Temperature ( o F) Aug Sep 24 Sep 8 22 Date (week ending) 5 Nov 19 Nov Dec

5 Winter / Spring Temperatures Yuma Valley - AZMET Avg. Daily Temperature ( o F) Dec 17 Dec 1 Jan 14 Jan 28 Jan 11 Feb 25 Feb 11 Mar 25 Mar Date (week ending)

6 Avg Avg. Mar Feb Jan Dec Nov Sep Yr Avg Seasonal Rainfall (in.) Seasonal Rainfall Yuma Valley - AZMET

7 Silverleaf Whitefly Whitefly Adults 5 23 Aug 1 Sep 8 Sep Sep 29 Sep Nov 1 Nov 17 Nov 24 Nov 1 Dec 8 Dec 15 Dec

8 Field Performance of Admire in Commercial Lettuce Yuma, Gila, & Dome Valleys 5 Admire - 16 oz Untreated Nymphs / cm

9 Fall Broccoli 25 Nymphs / cm 2 Admire Untreated n =5 Nymphs / cm Fall Cantaloupes 2 Nymphs / cm 2 n =4 Admire Untreated n =4 Nymphs / cm

10 Oberon A new IGR like compound from Bayer Crop Sciences. Inhibits lipid biosynthesis. Spiromesifen (BSN 24) Foliar contact activity against whiteflies and mites. Highly effective on nymphs and pupal stage. Picture of whiteflies Considered harmless to pollinators. Excellent IRM tool.

11 21 Large and Red-eyed nymphs Spring Melons, 23 Nymphs / cm Assail 1.7 oz Courier 4SC 13.5 oz Oberon 2SC 8.5 oz Untreated 3 Pre-spray DAT - 1 st Spray 7 14 DAT - 2 nd

12 Management Options Admire 16-2 oz 1.5 to 2 below seed line 1-2 gpa Pyrethroid combinations Capture, Danitol Orthene Endosulfan Provado

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14 BAW and CL Populations in Untreated head Lettuce Yuma Ag Center Avg. Total Worms / Plant Sep 27 Sep Nov

15 Avg. Ambient Temp ( o F) 9 9 BAW and CL Populations in Untreated 23 head Lettuce Yuma Ag Center Avg. Total Worms / Plant Sep 27 Sep Nov

16 Avg. Ambient Temp ( o F) Avg. Total Worms / Plant Sep 27 Sep Nov

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18 Pyridalyl (S-1812) A new chemistry, active on worms Unknown Mode of Action Translaminar activity / contact and Ingestion Considered an OP replacement (EPA)

19 Pyridalyl (S-1812) Fall 23 Head Lettuce Large CL BAW / 5 Plants / 5 Plants 3 DAT #1 S 1812 data Intrepid 6 oz + Renounce 3.5 oz S (.15 lb ai) Success 5 oz Untreated 7 DAT #1 Intrepid 6 oz + Renounce 3.5 oz S (.15 lb ai) Success 5 oz Untreated 3 DAT #2 7 DAT #2

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21 Entrust vs. Success in Lettuce Large Larvae / Plant Large BAW Large Larvae / Plant Untreated Success -.78 lb ai/ac ( 5 oz) Entrust -.78 lb ai/ac ( 1.6 oz) Large CL 22 Sep 29 Sep

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23 Interaction between Entrust and Aza-Direct Trial Large BAW YAC, Fall 23 Large Larvae / Plant Sep 3 Sep Untreated Dipel 1 lb AzaDirect 42 oz Entrust 1.6 oz Entrust + AZA

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25 The Big 4 Effective, Residual control Environmentally soft Short REI and PHI Selective Activity Unique modes of action New Insecticide Chemistries For Lep Control

26 Lep-Specific Activity Intrepid Avaunt Proclaim Success Beet armyworm Cabbage looper Tobacco budworm

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28 Heavy Worm Pressure 3, 21 Untreated Check Avaunt Proclaim Intrepid Confirm Success Untreated Avg. No. Plants/ 45 row ft 6. oz 3.2 oz 6. oz 8. oz 5. oz * 6 % of all melons direct seeded 75% Stand loss

29 Factors Influencing Worm Control Spray applications ~ Coverage / Deposition ~ Adjuvants (+ or -) ~ Rates Weather conditions ~ wind ~ rain ~ dew ~ temp/sunlight Plant growth parameters Insect pressure

30 Worm Management In Desert Head Lettuce-23 Stand Establishment Post-thinning to Pre-heading Heading to Harvest Coty 2-4 lf 4-8 lf 9-14 lf Preheading Early Head Head 2-4" Head >4" Success Proclaim Avaunt Intrepid Lannate Larvin Orthene Endosulfan Stand-alone worm control Tank-mix application

31 Desert Aphid Complex Green peach aphid Myzus persicae Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbidae Acyrthosiphon lactucae Foxglove Aphid Aulacorthum solani Lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribis-nigri

32 Sticky trap monitoring Aphids Mean / Trap / Day Yuma Valley - Interior Colorado River Aug 23Sep 7 Sep 28 Sep Nov Nov Nov 16 2Dec 16 Dec3 Dec6 Dec 26Dec Jan 13 Jan Feb Jan4 1Feb 24 1 Feb24 Jan 16Mar Apr 24 Mar 5

33 Green Peach Aphid Avg. Green Peach Aphids / Plant wet date Nov 1 wet date Nov 15 wet date Nov 3 Dec 17 Dec 1 Jan 14 Jan 28 Jan 11 Feb 25 Feb 11 Mar 25 Mar

34 Foxglove Aphid Wet date Nov 3 Dec 13 Dec Mean Aphids / Plant Wet date Nov 3 Dec 12 Dec -42 Wet date Nov 3 Dec 12 Dec Nov 3 Dec 17 Dec 1 Jan 14 Jan 28 Jan 11 Feb 25 Feb 11 Mar 25 Mar

35 Seasonal Avg. Green Peach Aphids / Plant Wet date Season 11 2 Nov 15 Nov 3 Dec 15 Dec 5 Yr Avg Season Avg

36 Seasonal Avg. Potato Aphids * / Plant Wet date Season 11 2 Nov 15 Nov 3 Dec 15 Dec 5 Yr Avg Season Avg * includes Acrythosiphum lactucae populations

37 Seasonal Avg. Foxglove Aphids * / Plant Wet date Season 11 2 Nov 15 Nov 3 Dec 15 Dec 5 Yr Avg Season Avg

38 Seasonal Avg. for Total Aphid Complex Wet date Season 11 2 Nov 15 Nov 3 Dec 15 Dec 5 Yr Avg Season Avg

39 Winged Aphids Dark abdominal dorsal markings Abdominal Dorsal Patch Dark patch on upper abdomen Antennae Tubercule Convergent Cornicles dark and swollen No abdominal dorsal markings Pear shaped with red eyes, Abdomen appears to have white stripes Legs and cornicles Light Green Peach aphid Acyrthosiphum lactuacae Abdominal Dorsal Stripes Body elongate, large, 3-4mm long Legs segments dark, tips of cornicles dark Cauda is long Tips of cornicles dark Cornicles dark Potato aphid Foxglove aphid Lettuce aphid

40 Wingless Aphids Green spots near cornicles Dark patch on upper abdomen Body shiny, pear shaped Very mobile No abdominal stripes Abdominal stripes or bands Body dull, waxy bloom Whitish stripes Cornicles, antnennae, legs light Acyrthosiphum lactuacae Foxglove aphid Antennae tuberlces converging inward Pear shaped, legs and cornicle slight Lateral dark green stripes along abdoman No spots near cornicle Antennae tuberlces diverging out Body elongate, long cauda and cornicles Very mobile Body shiny, tan to red, Dark abdominal stripes Tips of cornicles dark Antennae, legs have dark segments Lettuce aphid Green Peach aphid Potato aphid

41 N Cl N NC N Flonicamid Assail Pyridinecarboxamide OP Replacement Active primarily on Aphids Neonicotinoid Reduced-risk Aphid and Whitefly activity

42 Aphid Control with New Insecticides, Spring Mean Aphids / Plant Assail Fulfill Flonicamid Untreated Jan 12 Jan 2 Jan 27 Feb 3 Feb 1 Feb 18 Feb 25 Mar 3 Mar 11

43 Aphid Control with New Insecticides, Spring % Contaminated Heads at Harvest (> 5 aphids) Green peach aphid Foxglove aphid Assail Fulfill Flonicamid Untreated

44 Effective Insecticides for Aphid Management Admire Provado Endosulfan Dimethoate Orthene MSR Fulfill Assail (CA) Season-long * 7 day residual 7-1 d 7-1 d Head lettuce; 21 d PHI Head lettuce; 28 d PHI 7-14 d 14 d * Higher rates in late Nov-Dec plantings for foxglove aphid

45 Keys to Economic Aphid Management Acyrthosiphon lactucae Early detection of colonization Proper ID of species Treat when populations begin to colonize plants (1-5% infestation) Use Insecticides at effective rates

46 Onion Thrips (3%) Western Flower Thrips (93%)

47 Western Flower Thrips Avg. Temp ( o F) Mean Total Thrips / Plant Wet Date Sep Nov 14 Dec 3 Dec Nov 21 Nov 11 Dec 1 Jan 2 Jan 9 Feb 1 Mar 21 Mar 8 Apr

48 Seasonal Avg. Thrips / Plant Wet date Season 17 Sep Nov 2 Dec 15 Dec 5 Yr Avg Season Avg

49 Western Flower Thrips No reliable sampling plan Lack of quantitative data on damage / quality Control is reliant on a few AI: - Lannate - Success - Orthene Insecticide resistance is a concern Lack of New alternatives ~ Flonicamid / Assail

50 Western Flower Thrips in Organic Lettuce

51 Western Flower Thrips Control with Entrust Fall % Control Total Thrips Avg. - 3 Sprays 8 Col 1 vs Ad Success 6 oz Entrust 1.9 oz Entrust + AzaDirect 24 oz Entrust + Pyganic 32 oz

52 Romaine Spring, 24 Untreated Pyganic Adults Larvae Success 1 st Application 2 nd Application Entrust Success +Mustang Lannate +Mustang Entrust +Pyganic Mean Thrips / 3 Plants

53 Key to Economic Thrips Management Early detection of thrips populations A few probably means a lot Treat before thrips larvae become established Use Insecticides at effective rates By ground when possible

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