Kelly Hamby. Department of Entomology University of Maryland

Transcription

1 Spotted wing drosophila Kelly Hamby Department of Entomology University of Maryland

2 Outline I. Introductions II. Spotted Wing Drosophila A. Background B. Monitoring C. Management D. Future III. New Invasive?

3 Outline I. Introductions II. Spotted Wing Drosophila A. Background B. Monitoring C. Management D. Future III. New Invasive?

4 Current Position Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist in the Entomology Department at the University of Maryland, College Park Office information: 3124 Plant Sciences Building (301)

5 Background B.S. in Environmental Toxicology from the University of California, Davis M.S. and Ph.D. in Agricultural Entomology (IPM) working with Frank Zalom at the University of California, Davis

6 Outline I. Introductions II. Spotted Wing Drosophila A. Background B. Monitoring C. Management D. Future III. New Invasive?

7 Spotted Wing Drosophila Photos: Dr. Martin Hauser

8 Invasion Timeline Detected in CA strawberries, identified as Drosophila spp. no concern Detected in OR, WA, and FL Detected throughout New England and Mid Atlantic CA samples Identified as D. suzukii Detected in NC, SC, UT, LA, MI, WI, and eastern Canada Detected throughout the Midwest

9 SWD Detections Updated from Burrack et al Cini et al. 2012

10 SWD Life Cycle Generation time (adult to adult): days Adults can live 1+ month No known diapause Pupate on or near fruit or outside of fruit in the soil Slide from Dr. Hannah Burrack NC State

11 Some SWD Hosts Southern Wisconsin Mid- Atlantic, British Colombia and Northern Italy

12 Damage to Cherries

13 Damage to Blueberries

14 Damage to Strawberries

15 Damage to Blackberries

16 Damage to Raspberries

17 Outline I. Introductions II. Spotted Wing Drosophila A. Background B. Monitoring C. Management D. Future III. New Invasive?

18 Monitoring Larvae Soak gently crushed berries in salt or sugar water solution E.g. 2 cups water 1.5 tbsp non-iodized salt for 10 mins

19 Monitoring Larvae Pouring water through sieves can help Also keeping berries for 1-2 days in a warm place

20 Monitoring Adults Traps can be made out of any kind of container

21 Monitoring Adults Trap CA cherry WA cherry MI blueberry NC raspberry OR blackberry 8.33 ± ± ±2.30 Clear 24.2 ±4.71 b 17.2 ±2.73 c ab ab ab Contech 21.7 ±1.26 b 0.82 ±0.31 d 10.2 ±0.58 d 2.65 ±0.16 c 2.50 ±1.00 c 15.2 ±1.60 Haviland 61.4 ±11.6 a 16.8 ±7.89 a 38.2 ±3.31 a 58.1 ±21.5 a ab Mod ± ± ±4.86 b 3.03 ±0.83 c 14.8 ±3.97 b Hav. bc bc 36.4 ± ± ±4.32 Red 47.8 ±7.10 a 28.1 ±5.71 a ab bc ab Van 38.4 ± ± ± ± ±4.25 a Steen. ab bc ab ab P-value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

22 Monitoring Adults Liquid lures were most common some commercially available dry lures now

23 Monitoring Adults Liquid lures were most common some commercially available dry lures now

24 Captures 1 st 10 Weeks of Harvest N = 4 traps for each lure

25 Larvae 1 st 19 Weeks of Harvest

26 Southern CA Cherries Color represents cherry fruit ripeness Insecticide applications at blush (pink color)

27 Sex Ratio of Captures Cherry harvest first 3 weeks of May a 50% male Citrus Male Female % male 37% male 43% male Citrus October-> July b Male Cherries Female 27% male g p p p % male 0.0% male 22% male 0 6 Mar 14 Mar 21 Mar 27 Mar

28 Monitoring Larvae Best way to be sure you already have damage

29 Outline I. Introductions II. Spotted Wing Drosophila A. Background B. Monitoring C. Management D. Future III. New Invasive?

30 Maryland Fruit Cherries Floricane Red Rasp. Black Rasp. Strawberries Blueberries Blackberries Primocane Red Raspberries Frost Day Neutral Strawberries May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

31 Maryland Fruit Cherries Blueberries Blackberries Frost Floricane Red Rasp. Black Rasp. Strawberries Primocane Red Raspberries Highest Risk for SWD Damage Day Neutral Strawberries May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

32 CA Raspberry Adult Traps Mean SWD per Trap /1/2011 2/1/2011 3/1/2011 4/1/2011 5/1/2011 6/1/2011 7/1/2011 8/1/2011 9/1/ /1/ /1/ /1/2011 1/1/2012 2/1/2012 3/1/2012 4/1/2012 5/1/2012 6/1/2012 7/1/2012 8/1/2012 9/1/ /1/ /1/ /1/2012

33 CA Raspberry Adult Traps Mean SWD per Trap Risk Risk /1/2011 2/1/2011 3/1/2011 4/1/2011 5/1/2011 6/1/2011 7/1/2011 8/1/2011 9/1/ /1/ /1/ /1/2011 1/1/2012 2/1/2012 3/1/2012 4/1/2012 5/1/2012 6/1/2012 7/1/2012 8/1/2012 9/1/ /1/ /1/ /1/2012

34 SWD Risk Remember trap captures tend to be catching adults after there are larvae in fruit Probably some earlier damage but not enough to be noticeable Populations begin to pick up in August getting worse throughout the fall

35 Differences in Varieties? variety: F 18,435 =2.28, p = ; date, year random Slide from Dr. Hannah Burrack NC State

36 Primocane Fruiting Type variety: F 18,435 =2.28, p = ; date, year random Slide from Dr. Hannah Burrack NC State

37 Floricane Fruiting Type variety: F 18,435 =2.28, p = ; date, year random Slide from Dr. Hannah Burrack NC State

38 SWD Management Currently is pesticide intensive Could plant earlier ripening varieties to avoid some SWD risk

39 SWD Management Insecticides only target adults

40 SWD Management If fruit is already infested surviving larvae will replace the adults

41 8 states variety of crops: Van Steenwyk, Burrack, Liburd, Shearer, Beers, Tanigoshi, Spitler, Isaacs, Drummond, Collins, Loeb, Rodriguez-Saona, Nielsen, Polk, Sial SWD Insecticide Efficacy Excellent Good Fair Weak No activity

42 DISCLAIMER: This is not a recommendation. Read insecticide registration and label to ensure it can be used in your crop in Maryland. Pyrethroids- IRAC 3A Excellent Good Fair Weak No activity Abamectin Chlorantraniliprole Tolfenpyrad Thiamethoxam Esfenvalerate Acetamiprid Bifenthrin Bifenthrin Fenpropathrin Spinetoram Diazinon λ-cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam Spinosad Cyantraniliprole Malathion Zeta-Cypermethrin and Bifenthrin Phosmet Methomyl Β-cyfluthrin Malathion Spirotetramat Zeta-Cypermethrin Imidacloprid Pyrethrins Spinetoram Novaluron Carbaryl Flupyradifurone Spinosad Lambda-cyhalothrin

43 DISCLAIMER: This is not a recommendation. Read insecticide registration and label to ensure it can be used in your crop in Maryland. Organophosphates- IRAC 1B Excellent Good Fair Weak No activity Abamectin Chlorantraniliprole Tolfenpyrad Thiamethoxam Esfenvalerate Acetamiprid Bifenthrin Bifenthrin Fenpropathrin Spinetoram Diazinon λ-cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam Spinosad Cyantraniliprole Malathion Zeta-Cypermethrin and Bifenthrin Phosmet Methomyl Β-cyfluthrin Malathion Spirotetramat Zeta-Cypermethrin Imidacloprid Pyrethrins Spinetoram Novaluron Carbaryl Flupyradifurone Spinosad Lambda-cyhalothrin

44 DISCLAIMER: This is not a recommendation. Read insecticide registration and label to ensure it can be used in your crop in Maryland. Spinosyns- IRAC 5 Excellent Good Fair Weak No activity Abamectin Chlorantraniliprole Tolfenpyrad Thiamethoxam Esfenvalerate Acetamiprid Bifenthrin Bifenthrin Fenpropathrin Spinetoram Diazinon λ-cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam Spinosad Cyantraniliprole Malathion Zeta-Cypermethrin and Bifenthrin Phosmet Methomyl Β-cyfluthrin Malathion Spirotetramat Zeta-Cypermethrin Imidacloprid Pyrethrins Spinetoram Novaluron Carbaryl Flupyradifurone Spinosad Lambda-cyhalothrin

45 DISCLAIMER: This is not a recommendation. Read insecticide registration and label to ensure it can be used in your crop in Maryland. Carbamates- IRAC 1A Excellent Good Fair Weak No activity Abamectin Chlorantraniliprole Tolfenpyrad Thiamethoxam Esfenvalerate Acetamiprid Bifenthrin Bifenthrin Fenpropathrin Spinetoram Diazinon λ-cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam Spinosad Cyantraniliprole Malathion Zeta-Cypermethrin and Bifenthrin Phosmet Methomyl Β-cyfluthrin Malathion Spirotetramat Zeta-Cypermethrin Imidacloprid Pyrethrins Spinetoram Novaluron Carbaryl Flupyradifurone Spinosad Lambda-cyhalothrin

46 DISCLAIMER: This is not a recommendation. Read insecticide registration and label to ensure it can be used in your crop in Maryland. Neonicotinoids- IRAC 4A Excellent Good Fair Weak No activity Abamectin Chlorantraniliprole Tolfenpyrad Thiamethoxam Esfenvalerate Acetamiprid Bifenthrin Bifenthrin Fenpropathrin Spinetoram Diazinon λ-cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam Spinosad Cyantraniliprole Malathion Zeta-Cypermethrin and Bifenthrin Phosmet Methomyl Β-cyfluthrin Malathion Spirotetramat Zeta-Cypermethrin Imidacloprid Pyrethrins Spinetoram Novaluron Carbaryl Flupyradifurone Spinosad Lambda-cyhalothrin

47 DISCLAIMER: This is not a recommendation. Read insecticide registration and label to ensure it can be used in your crop in Maryland. Diamides- IRAC 28 Excellent Good Fair Weak No activity Abamectin Chlorantraniliprole Tolfenpyrad Thiamethoxam Esfenvalerate Acetamiprid Bifenthrin Bifenthrin Fenpropathrin Spinetoram Diazinon λ-cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam Spinosad Cyantraniliprole Malathion Zeta-Cypermethrin and Bifenthrin Phosmet Methomyl Β-cyfluthrin Malathion Spirotetramat Zeta-Cypermethrin Imidacloprid Pyrethrins Spinetoram Novaluron Carbaryl Flupyradifurone Spinosad Lambda-cyhalothrin

48 DISCLAIMER: This is not a recommendation. Read insecticide registration and label to ensure it can be used in your crop in Maryland. OMRI Approved Products Excellent Good Fair Weak No activity Abamectin Chlorantraniliprole Tolfenpyrad Thiamethoxam Esfenvalerate Acetamiprid Bifenthrin Bifenthrin Fenpropathrin Spinetoram Diazinon λ-cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam Spinosad Cyantraniliprole Malathion Zeta-Cypermethrin and Bifenthrin Phosmet Methomyl Β-cyfluthrin Malathion Spirotetramat Zeta-Cypermethrin Imidacloprid Pyrethrins Spinetoram Novaluron Carbaryl Flupyradifurone Spinosad Lambda-cyhalothrin

49 Rainfastness DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT No Rain 3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT Rain Percent control Percent control inches of rain on treated bushes 1 day after application Data From Rufus Isaacs Michigan

50 Preventing Infestation? Few of these products show rainfastness Must get good coverage, avoid rain, and apply frequently

51 Secondary Issues Broad spectrum insecticide applications targeting SWD are flaring secondary pests E.g. mites, scales, white flies

52 Outline I. Introductions II. Spotted Wing Drosophila A. Background B. Monitoring C. Management D. Future III. New Invasive?

53 Biological Control? Some wasp parasitoids and predatory insects Currently not providing control

54 Exclusion? Feasible and economic?

55 Improved Attractants? Bait formulation for insecticide (attract and kill) Improved attractant for mass trapping

56 Bait Sprays Can be more effective and sustainable GF-120 (Dow Bait Spray) Tephritid fruit fly bait mixed with 0.02% spinosad

57 Outline I. Introductions II. Spotted Wing Drosophila A. Background B. Monitoring C. Management D. Future III. New Invasive?

58 Spotted Lanternfly Confirmed overwintering in PA Sep 22, 2014

59 Spotted Lanternfly Most likely to impact grape, fruit tree, and logging industries

60 Spotted Lanternfly Lay their eggs on tree bark

61 Spotted Lanternfly Nymphs become active in April to May

62 Spotted Lanternfly Currently a quarantine pest We don t know if it will cause commercial damage

63 Spotted Lanternfly Report it if you spot it Try to prevent damage from a new invasive

64 Questions?