Vegetable Diagnostics 101: Insects and Diseases

Transcription

1 Vegetable Diagnostics 101: Insects and Diseases

2 The 2013 Educational Program Committee is pleased to share conference educational materials with you under the condition that they are used without alteration for educational and non-commercial use only. All materials are protected by copyright law. The authors kindly request their work is properly cited, including the date of publication. For more information on Small Farms, visit our website at: or contact your local County Extension Agent. For inquiries about this topic, please contact: Danielle Treadwell, Educational Program Chair. Phone: (352) Suggested Citation: Author Full Name. Title of Presentation or Handout University of Florida-IFAS and Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University-CAFS Florida Small Farms and Alternative Enterprises Conference. August 2-4, Kissimmee, FL.

3 Identification of Pest and Beneficial Arthropods Hugh Smith University of Florida/IFAS/ Gulf Coast Research and Education Center

4 Arthropods Insects and Mites Need to know: Life Cycle Silverleaf whitefly Damage Host range Yellow calyx Pepper weevil damage Strappy leaves broad mite damage

5 Scouting twice a week Strike the plant onto a light surface to detect small, cryptic pests

6 Monitoring with Yellow Sticky Cards Aphids Whiteflies Leafminers Fungus gnats Shore flies Thrips

7 Use yellow sticky cards to monitor establishment of biocontrol agents. Whitefly parasitoid

8 Silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B

9 Silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B Adult Eggs Crawler Red-eyed nymph Nymphs Jane Medley UF/IFAS

10 Silverleaf whitefly adult and eggs

11 Whitefly nymphs mid instar and red-eyed (final instar) nymph Bemisia tabaci

12 Silvering of cucurbit leaves caused by feeding of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Biotype B

13 Tomato yellow leaf curl virus vectored by silverleaf whitefly

14 Squash leaf crumple virus vectored by silverleaf whitefly

15 Whitefly parasitoids Photos: Lyle Buss Encarsia formosa Eretmocerus eremicus Eretmocerus mundus

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17 Encarsia formosa adult. Photo: Lyle Buss Scouting for commercially-available naturally enemies - Parasitism Silverleaf whitefly exuvia with T- shaped exit hole (left); red-eyed nymph (right). Photo: Yankai Li. Whitefly nymphs and nymphs parasitized by Encarsia formosa. Arrow points to round exit hole of left by parasitoid. Photo: Yankai Li.

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19 Amblyseius swirskii, predatory mite: attacks whitefly, thrips, broad mite, others Photo: Lyle Buss

20 Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Lyle Buss

21 Western flower thrips prepupa Western flower thrips larva Lyle Buss

22 Thrips life cycle Egg In plant tissue Adult Larvae Pupae In soil/container media Koppert

23 Florida flower thrips vs Western flower thrips Antennal characteristics are used.

24 Stippling Bronzing Thrips damage Leaf abrasion and frass

25 Thrips damage bronzing and distortion

26 Thrips-vectored tospoviruses Tomato spotted wilt virus virus Photos: Gary Vallad Ground nut ring spot

27 Combine biocontrol agents that attack different life stages of the pest. Thrips Koppert

28 Orius Minute pirate bug

29 Orius nymph

30 Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Spider mite eggs

31 Spider mite damage Eggplant Strawberry

32 Scouting for commercially-available natural enemies - Predation Two-spotted spider mite with eggs Y. Li Amblyseius californicus feeding on spider mite eggs. Spider mites in lower right. L. Buss A. swirskii egg Y. Li

33 Amblyseius/Neoseiulus can survive on pollen or prey A. californicus Californicus Phytoseiulus persimilis only eats mites P. persimilis Persimilis Photos Lyle Buss

34 Aphid colony note honeydew and caste skins

35 Aphids have cornicles Green peach aphid alate Scott Bauer USDA ARS Cotton or melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) Cindy Fake - UCCE

36 Parasitized aphids Aphid mummies.

37 Aphid parasitoids All images UC IPM

38 Ladybird beetle life cycle UCDAVIS Chaney Chaney Chaney