End-of-chapter test Chapter 2 Foundation

Transcription

1 1 a Match the orbit with the type of satellite. geostationary orbit low Earth orbit (LEO) polar orbit Satellites stay over the same position on Earth all the time. Satellites travel over the North Pole and South Pole. Satellites orbit below 1000 km from the Earth. b Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. upthrust International Space Station Moon gravity The force need to keep a satellite in orbit is. The only natural satellite in orbit around the Earth is the 2 Complete the sentences. law. fast strong long generate You can electricity by moving a coil of wire in a magnetic field, or by moving a magnet near a coil of wire. The size of the potential difference you produce depends on: how how you move the magnet the magnet is how many turns there are on the. (4 marks) 3 a Circle the number of years before today that scientists think that the Big Bang happened years 15 billion years 5 billion years

2 b Put the events between the Big Bang and now in order by writing the numbers 2 5 in the correct boxes in the right hand column. The Big Bang 1 Humans lived Sun formed First animals lived Earth formed Today 6 4 The geocentric and the heliocentric models are two models of Solar System. a Label each model by writing geocentric or heliocentric under each box. (3 marks) b Name the model of the Solar System that is now thought to be accurate.

3 c Circle the name of the scientist who used a telescope to produce evidence for this model. Isaac Newton Galileo Galilei 5 Circle the correct word or words in the statements below. A radio/transmitter produces electromagnetic waves that you can use to send television pictures. Different frequencies/sounds are used for WiFi signals compared to television signals. An electromagnetic wave used to communicate is called a carrier/radio wave. Your television has an aerial/emitter that detects electromagnetic waves. (4 marks) 6 Match the word to its definition. alpha particle The nucleus of a helium atom. beta particle gamma ray half-life The time is takes for the radiation per second to fall to one half. An electromagnetic wave. Waves or particles emitted from radioactive materials. radiation An electron. (4 marks) 7 a The space programme has benefitted people in everyday life. Describe two ways in which people can benefit.

4 b Despite this, Oliver thinks that the space programme is not worth the money that was spent on it. Explain why he may think this. 8 Florence moves a coil towards a magnet and sees an induced potential difference on the voltmeter connected to it. State what happens to the reading on the voltmeter if. a State what happens to the reading on the voltmeter if she held the magnet inside the coil. b State what happens to the reading on the voltmeter if She turned the magnet round (so the other pole was facing the coil) and moved it towards the coil. Florence wonders what happens to the potential difference if she changed the number of turns on the coil. c Describe the data that she would need to collect to find out the answer to this question. d Predict what you think will happen. e Name the independent variable in this investigation. f State and explain why it will be very difficult to do a fair test in this investigation.

5 9 a Here is a list of observations. Tick the observation that provided evidence for a change to the model of the Solar System. The Moon has phases. Jupiter has moons. The Sun moves across the sky during the day. Jupiter s moons are in orbit around Jupiter. b Mars appears to move backwards across the sky. i Name this type of motion. ii Explain why this motion was important in changing people s ideas about the Solar System. 10 a Identify the two statements that show the correct use of the words below. radiation radioactive radioactivity A: Radioactive materials emit radioactivity. B: Radioactivity is the name given to the process of emitting radiation. C: You can detect alpha radiation emitted by some radioactive materials with a counter. Statement or statements:

6 b Radioactive materials are used in hospitals to find and treat diseases. Discuss the risks and benefits of using radioactive materials in this way. (6 marks) In this question you get marks for how well your answer is written. You will get marks for: spelling grammar organising your ideas and information clearly using key scientific words.