AST101IN Final Exam. 1.) Arrange the objects below from smallest to largest. (3 points)

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1 Name: Possibly useful formulae: AST101IN Final Exam F g = Gm 1 m 2 /r 2 p 2 =a 3 F=ma E=mc 2 1.) Arrange the objects below from smallest to largest. (3 points) The sun The Earth The universe The Milky Way Jupiter The solar system (smallest) (largest) 2.) Arrange the numbers below from smallest to largest. (2 points) 6.5x x x x10-9 (smallest) (largest)

2 3.) Write the letter of the location on Earth that corresponds to each celestial sphere diagram below. The North and South celestial poles are indicated with the labels NCP and SCP, respectively. The circles represent the paths taken by stars. The ground is shown in gray, where the observer stands on top of this gray area as viewed from this perspective. Use each answer choice once. (0.5 points each) A) The North Pole (latitude = 90ºN, longitude = ---) B) Oslo (latitude = 60ºN, longitude = 11ºE) C) Quito (latitude = 0ºS, longitude = 79ºW) D) Rio de Janeiro (latitude = 23ºS, longitude = 43ºW)

3 4.) Jupiter s axis is tilted 3.1º, compared to the 23.5º tilt of Earth s axis. Which of these two planets will experience more extreme seasons? (1 point) 5.) Circle the position of the Earth on the diagram below that corresponds to winter in the Northern hemisphere. (1 point) Unnumbered)Figure)3)Page)49 "2014"Pearson"Education,"Inc.

4 Choose the letter that corresponds to the location of the moon at each phase. The black arrows indicate the direction the moon travels in its orbit. It may help to draw the dark and light sides of the moon on the diagram and indicate which part of the moon is visible from Earth. (1 point each) 6.) New moon 7.) Waning gibbous moon 8.) At what time of day is the full moon highest in the sky? (1 point) A) 6 am B) 12 pm (noon) C) 6 pm D) 12 am (midnight) 9.) A lunar eclipse happens during which moon phase? (1 point) A) Full moon B) First quarter moon C) New moon D) Last quarter moon

5 10.) During a full moon, the Earth will experience (1 point) A) Spring tides (strong tides) B) Neap tides (weak tides) 11.) In the geocentric model, what object is at the center of the solar system? (1 point) 12.) Which of the following planets will take the longest time to complete an orbit around the sun? (1 point) A) A planet with the same mass as the Earth at a distance of 0.1 AU from the sun B) A planet with twice the mass of the Earth at a distance of 0.5 AU from the sun C) A planet with half the mass of the Earth at a distance of 1 AU from the sun D) A planet with one third the mass of the Earth at a distance of 4 AU from the sun 13.) Evaluate the following statement: if an object is not moving, there are no forces acting on it. (1 point) A) True B) False 14.) A planet travels at a higher speed when it is in which part of its orbit? (1 point) A) Near perihelion B) Near aphelion 15.) How does the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the sun compare to the gravitational force exerted by the sun on the Earth? (1 point) A) The Earth exerts a smaller gravitational force on the sun than the sun exerts on the Earth. B) The Earth exerts larger gravitational force on the sun than the sun exerts on the Earth. C) The Earth exerts the same gravitational force on the sun that the sun exerts on the Earth.

6 16.) Which object, the Earth or the sun, experiences a greater acceleration due to the force of gravity between them, and why? Hint: think about Newton s laws of motion. (3 points) 17.) What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if the distance between them is tripled? (1 point) A) It increases by a factor of 9. B) It decreases by a factor of 9. C) It increases by a factor of 3. D) It decreases by a factor of ) The amount of time a planet takes to orbit the sun depends on which of the following properties? Circle all that apply. (2 points) The planet s mass The planet s radius The planet s distance from the sun The planet s composition 19.) Which of the following is true about mass and weight? (1 point) A) On the moon, both my mass and my weight are less than their values on Earth. B) On the moon, both my mass and my weight are the same as their values on Earth. C) On the moon, my mass is less than my mass on Earth but my weight stays the same. D) On the moon, my weight is less than my weight on Earth but my mass stays the same. For each pair below, circle the value that is larger. If they are the same, circle them both. (1 point each) 20.) The frequency of a blue photon The frequency of a red photon 21.) The wavelength of a blue photon The wavelength of a red photon 22.) The energy of a blue photon The energy of a red photon 23.) The speed of a blue photon The speed of a red photon

7 24.) Which of the electron transitions in the energy level diagram below will result in the emission of a photon with the greatest energy? (1 point) 25.) If the spectrum labeled Laboratory spectrum shows an object s emission lines at rest, which of the objects below is moving toward us with the highest speed? (1 point) Blue Red

8 26.) What kind of telescopes are most commonly used for research today? (1 point) A) Reflectors B) Refractors 27.) Telescope A has five times the diameter of telescope B. In the same amount of time, how much light will the two telescopes collect? (1 point) A) Telescope A will collect the same amount of light as telescope B. B) Telescope A will collect 5 times as much light as telescope B. C) Telescope A will collect 1/5 as much light as telescope B. D) Telescope A will collect 25 times as much light as telescope B. 28.) Why are X-ray telescopes located in space rather than on the Earth s surface? (2 points) 29.) In a few sentences, explain how our solar system formed based on the nebular theory of solar system formation. (5 points)

9 30.) Where was the frost line during the formation of our solar system? (1 point) A) B) C) D) Between Venus and Earth Between Earth and Mars Between Mars and Jupiter Between Jupiter and Saturn 31.) Which of the following is true? (1 point) A) Early in the solar system s history, there were fewer collisions between objects than there are today. B) Early in the solar system s history, there were more collisions between objects than there are today. C) The frequency of collisions hasn t changed much over the solar system s history. 32.) Circle the surface that is geologically older. The surfaces in question are shown below their respective descriptions. (1 point) The surface of Earth s moon The tiger stripes of Enceladus

10 33.) Explain how the greenhouse effect works and how it influences the temperature at a planet s surface. (3 points) 34.) Evaluate the following statement: All of the Jovian planets have rings. (1 point) A) True B) False Write asteroids or comets next to the following statements to indicate which objects they apply to. (1 point each) 35.) are made of rocks and metals. 36.) orbit the sun past the orbit of Neptune but sometimes enter the inner solar system. 37.) The orbits of asteroids are primarily influenced by the gravitational pull of which planet? (1 point) A) Earth B) Mars C) Jupiter D) Saturn 38.) Pluto is probably one of the largest objects in (1 point) A) the Oort cloud B) the asteroid belt C) the Kuiper belt D) the solar system

11 39.) Choose one method of extrasolar planet detection and explain how it works in a few sentences. (3 points) 40.) Evaluate the following statement: Astronomers have discovered a large number of hot Jupiters because they are the most common kind of planet in the Milky Way. (1 point) A) True B) False 41.) Why is liquid water important in the search for life in the universe? (2 points) 42.) What is one reason why contacting alien civilizations might be difficult? (2 points)

12 Extra Credit: List as many phenomena as you can think of that involve tidal forces. (1 point each) Explain in a few sentences why the sky is blue. (3 points) Write down your favorite fact that you ve learned about one of the planets in our solar system. Your fact must be true to earn credit! (1 point)

13 Part 1: Explain what the Drake Equation is used for (1 point). Part 2: List as many factors as you can think of that go into the Drake Equation. You must explain what each factor means a list of variable names does not count! (0.5 points per factor)