Detect Sensor (6B) Eddy Current Sensor. Young Won Lim 11/19/09
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1 Detect Sensor (6B) Eddy Current Sensor
2 Copyright (c) 2009 Young W. Lim. Permission is granteo copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". Please send corrections (or suggestions) to youngwlim@hotmail.com. This document was produced by using OpenOffice and Octave.
3 Induction Electromagnetic Induction Faraday s Law of Induction I Current Magnetic Field Magnetic Field Current 6B Detect Sensor 3
4 Faraday s Law of Induction Faraday s Law of Induction Changing Magnetic Field electric current induced emf The amount of induced voltage is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic field I = d Magnetic Field Current = N d N turns in a coil 6B Detect Sensor 4
5 Lenz s Law Lenz s Law of Induction = d Opposite signs ( ) induced emf change in flux I The induced current is in the direction that creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in magnetic flux Magnetic Field EMF the polarity of the induced EMF : opposing the change 6B Detect Sensor 5
6 Eddy Current induced secondary magnetic field that opposes the change in magnetic flux = d Changing magnetic flux induces emf current in a circuit (loop, coil) Changing magnetic flux in bulk pieces of metal induces circulating currents eddy currents 6B Detect Sensor 6
7 Self-induction The current i L does not immediately increase from 0 to the max value E/R R As the current i L increases the magnetic flux increases emf and current are induced i L the secondary magnetic field is created, E v L L which opposes the change in the original magnetic field Back EMF (the induced v L ) opposite direction to the battery E Self Induction: changing flux in a circuit the induced emf in the same circuit 6B Detect Sensor 7
8 Inductance (1) The current i L does not immediately increase from 0 to the max value E/R R The induced emf v L equals to the negative of change rate of the magnetic flux magnetic flux magnetic field i L E v L L the current i L = L d I Inductance is a measure of ability to induce voltage because of the change in its current The direction of induced voltage is to oppose the change in its current 6B Detect Sensor 8
9 Inductance (2) The current i L does not immediately increase from 0 to the max value E/R R Self-Inductance = L d I i L E v L L Faraday s Law of Induction = N d = L d I = N d L I = N 6B Detect Sensor 9
10 Eddy Current Sensor (1) High frequency magnetic field Eddy current High Freq Osc When metal target is present Eddy current induced Secondary magnetic field is created to oppose the original magnetic field The inductance of sensor coil is reduced As a target approaches, the oscillation amplitude becomes smaller the phase difference becomes larger Detecting changes in amplitude and phase 6B Detect Sensor 10
11 Eddy Current Sensor (2) No target present Metal target present Eddy current The total magnetic flux is reduced Because of the opposing magnetic field that is induced by the eddy current net = 1 2 6B Detect Sensor 11
12 Eddy Current Sensor (2) No target present Metal target present 2 1 inc Eddy current To get the same magnetic 1 net = inc 2 6B Detect Sensor 12
13 Eddy Current Sensor (3) No target present Metal target present 1 net = inc 2 magnetic flux magnetic field current i L To increase magnetic flux the current must be increased The effective inductance is decreased To get the same magnetic flux, the current must be increased. 1 Because the increased magnetic flux is obtained by increasing the current inc L = N I L I = N 6B Detect Sensor 13
14 References [1] [2] Nam Ki Min, Sensor Electronics, Dong-il Press [3] R. A. Serway, J. W. Jewett, Jr., Physics for scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Thomson Brooks/Cole [4] Thomas L Floyd, Electric Circuit Fundamentals [5]
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