Research Article Evaluation of Farming Cultivated Land Quality Based on Extension Method in Reclaimed Region

Transcription

1 Advance Journal of Food Scence and Technology 10(2): , 2016 DOI: /afst ISSN: ; e-issn: Maxwell Scentfc Publcaton Corp. Submtted: Aprl 17, 2015 Accepted: May 28, 2015 Publshed: January 15, 2016 esearch Artcle Evaluaton of Farmng Cultvated Land Qualty Based on Extenson Method n eclamed egon Wang Zhmn, Lu Shbao, Bao Haun, Zhu Jnxa and Zhao Jaqan School of Urban-ural Plannng and Management, Zheang Unversty of Fnance and Economcs, Hangzhou , Chna Abstract: Ths study proposed a new model of cultvated land by the use of extenson method, whch was based on the ndex and ts evaluaton crtera. esults of Yu Huan county, Zheang provnce demonstrated that the proposed models was effectve for the evaluaton of cultvated land qualty and t would a new useful and obectve method to evaluate the cultvated land qualty. Keywords: Cultvated land qualty, extenson method, Yu Huan county INTODUCTION A large populaton wth relatvely lttle arable land s basc natonal condtons of Chna, especally the eastern coastal areas. The per capta cultvated land s less than 1 acre and land carryng capacty has been reached or even exceeded the lmtaton n the eastern coastal areas. Land provdes an mportant resource securty and support for the rapd economc growth of eastern coastal areas. However, the rapd progress of ndustralzaton and urbanzaton makes the growng shortage of land resources. Tdeland resources (Mudflat) s mportant, whch can reserve land resources of eastern coastal areas. The economc value of tdeland resources s the most reasonable n the sx reserve land resources: barren hlls and land, grassland, alkal land, wasteland and barren sand land. Tdeland resources are the most vable nvestment and the greatest potental for development. The arable land that enclosed tdeland for cultvaton allevated the contradctons to help supplement the amount of cultvated land. Agrcultural land s the basc materal of agrcultural producton. It s the ndspensable condton for the survval of manknd. Arable farmland s the essence of agrcultural land and the lfelne of human survval and development. The sze of arable land and the level of qualty drectly related to Chna's economc constructon and socal development especally n area of food securty. The challenge brought by the declne of the qualty of cultvated land wll be large. It would be more potental for the soco-economc development after compared wth the amount of cultvated land, whch had been reduced n a perod of rapd urbanzaton. Therefore, quantty management n farmland management should be detected and more attenton should be pad to the quantty and qualty of the farmland. The qualty assessment s the basc work of the Qualty management of arable land. Cultvated Land Qualty Evaluaton contans the natural evaluaton and economc evaluaton and the coordnaton degree of arable systems (u, 2004). Natural qualty evaluaton of cultvated land manly takes these two calculaton methods by the use of egulatons of Farmland Gradng: the geometrc mean method and the weghted average methods, then use GIS classfcaton (Lu et al., 2005; Dong et al., 2007; Yu and Zhao, 2006). The geometrc mean method wll enlarge the role of a lmtng factor and the weghted average method wll cover up the role of a lmtng factor (Zhang et al., 2005). Both of them are dffcult to completely reflect the dfferences n the natural qualty of arable land. Thus, academc crcles based on gray correlaton method (Lu et al., 2006) and the cluster analyss method of fuzzy matter element proxmty of Cultvated Land Qualty Evaluaton (Ne, 2005) was proposed to provde a certan amount of techncal supportng for qualty evaluaton of cultvated land. However, these fuzzy settng based methods rarely focused on the thng tself n the doman and the varablty of the nature of the thngs. The evaluaton results are not relable. Extenson theory can determne the extent of thngs belongng to a collecton based on the magntude of thngs about characterstcs. The correlaton functon can make the evaluaton robust and quanttatve, whch provdes a new way to solve the dentfcaton problem. Ths artcle wll ntroduce the extenson theory based on the extenson set, by settng up the extenson model of the natural qualty to evaluate the reclamaton area and demonstrated. Correspondng Author: Lu Shbao, School of Urban-ural Plannng and Management, Zheang Unversty of Fnance and Economcs, Hangzhou , Chna Ths work s lcensed under a Creatve Commons Attrbuton 4.0 Internatonal Lcense (UL: 122

2 Adv. J. Food Sc. Technol., 10(2): , 2016 Extenson theory: The Extenson Theory was founded by Tsa et al. (1997) Chnese scholars. It focuses on the rules and methods by the formal tools to solve the problem of contradctons from the pont vew of the qualtatve and quanttatve research (Tsa et al., 1997). Extenson theory manly ncludes matter-element theory and extenson set theory and ts logc cell s matter-element. Matter element theory: In order to descrbe the process of changng of the obectve thngs and makng the process to solve the contradcton problem of formalzaton, extencs ntroduced the concept of matter-element as the basc elements to descrbe thngs. Defnton 1 defnes the thngs name N, the magntude of the characterstc c s v, we use an ordered trad = (N, c, v) as the basc element for descrbng thngs, called matter-element, where N represents the matter; c, the characterstcs; v s the N s. Defnton 2 A thng can have multple characterstcs, f thngs can be descrbed by n features c 1, c 2,..., c n and the magntude correspondng to v 1, v 2,..., v n then: N, c1, v1 1 c2, v 2 2 = = M M M cn, vn n The above formula s n-dmensonal matterelement. Where n = (N, c, v ) s called sub-matter element of, C = [c 1, c 2,..., c n ] s a feature vector, V = [v 1, v 2,..., v n ] s the magntude correspondng to feature vector. Extenson set theory: To quantfy the problem-solvng process, extenson theory s used to establsh the correspondng mathematcal tool. Defnton 3 Let U be the doman of dscourse, f U defned n any one element u, have a correspondng real number K(u) (-,+ ) you called, A= {(u,y) u U, y= K(u) (, + ) } s a extenson set of the doman of dscourse Where n y = K (u) s the correlaton functon of A, K (u) s the degree of assocaton for extenson set A. THE NATUAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF ECLAMATION AEA ON ETENSION METHOD Factor ndex system and evaluaton crtera: The natural qualty evaluaton of reclamaton area nvolves many nfluencng factors, the prerequste and bass of the qualty evaluaton was settng up the ndex system that can reflect and measure the block comprehensvely. The evaluaton factors were selected accordng to the Delph method, whch was n accordance wth the system of comprehensve, scentfc, comparablty and operablty requrements. The ndex system was composed by 7 ndcators. These seven ndcators are foundaton sol fertlty, sol texture, organc matter, plow layer thckness, rrgaton, elevaton and dranage (Table 1). The ratng crtera of ndcators determned by the Delph method are shown n Table 2. The mnmum polygon formed by few maps (Sol maps, land use map and admnstratve maps) overlap as evaluaton unt. The evaluaton unt thus formed had clear space boundares and admnstratve afflaton, accurate area and landform types, sol types, land use patterns and farmng methods are bascally the same. Then score of each evaluaton unt was calculated based on the collected data and feld surveys. Table 1: The evaluaton ndex of cultvated land qualty n Yu Huan county Indcators number C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 Indcators name Basc fertle Sol texture Organc matter Plow layer thckness Irrgaton Alttude Dranage Table 2: The crtera of evaluaton ndex of cultvated land qualty n Yu Huan county Qualty scores Basc fertle Sol texture Organc matter Plow layer thckness Irrgaton Alttude Dranage Loam Slt loam\clay loam The sol clays\sandy loam Clay < Sand < <3 20 < <40 10 >

3 Adv. J. Food Sc. Technol., 10(2): , 2016 Table 3: The weghts of the evaluaton ndex of cultvated land qualty n Yu Huan county Evaluaton ndex Basc fertle Sol texture Organc matter Plow layer thckness Irrgaton Alttude Dranage Weghts The extenson model of natural qualty evaluaton of cultvated land of reclamaton area: Constructon of the same ntrnsc matter element model: N-dmensonal wth ntrnsc materal element model of the cultvated land evaluaton unt accordng to the matter-element theory s as follows: N, C 1, V1 C, V M M C n, Vn 2 2 = (N,C,V ) = = 1, 2, L n In the above formula N represents the th evaluaton unts of arable land; C 1, C 2,..., C n, represents the man features of the natural qualty of the evaluaton unt (the evaluaton ndex), such as the bass of fertlty, sol texture, organc matter, the plow layer thckness, rrgaton, elevaton and dranage; V l, V 2,..., V ni represents a magntude whch evaluaton unt correspond to C ( = 1, 2,..., n). Determnaton of the classcal doman and secton doman: N G 1, G2 L Gm N G G L G C <a > <a > L <a > 1 2 m m 1m 0= = C V1 V2 L V m M M M M M C n <a n1 n1> <a n2 n2> L <a nm nm> 0 s the same matter-element body of the same ntrnsc matter-element 1, 2,... m, where G represents evaluaton category, C represents ndcators, V = <a, b > s the value range predetermned by N about C, that s the classc doman of data range of the correspondng ndcators on each of the categores. Let, [ p] p= P, C, V = P C1 V 1p=<a 1p 1p > C 2 V 2p=<a 2p 2p > M M C n V np =<a np np > where, P = All categores V p = The magntude range taken by P about C P = Secton doman and V <VIP ( = 1, 2,... and n; = 1, 2,..., m) N t C 1 t1 C 2 t2 0 t = t= 1,2,3,4 C 3 t3 C 4 t4 In the above formula N t represents the evaluaton unt level, when t = 1, 2, 3, 4, N t respectvely level 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectvely. t1, t2, t3, t4 represents the magntude of the range specfed n the correspondng feature about N t, when t = 1, 2, 3, 4, the scope of ts magntude s <75, 100>, <50, 75>, <25, 50>, <0, 25> respectvely. Settng secton doman n ths example s: [ p] p= P, C, V = P C 1 <0,100> C 2 <0,100> M M C 20 <0,100> Determnaton of the weght coeffcent of pendng matter element and ndex: The score results obtaned was n accordance wth the evaluaton ndex of the pendng evaluaton unt Q, whch was represented by matter element: q C1 V1 C2 V 2 M M Cn Vn callng pendng matter element of q. V s the magntude of q for the evaluaton C, n other words q s the ndex score. The weght coeffcent of the arable land natural qualty was set up usng the Delph method. The evaluaton factors ndcators C of Yu Huan reclamaton area s a and T =1, shown n Table 3. Calculaton of the degree of assocaton of the evaluaton: Establsh the correlaton functon of the evaluaton unt q on level as follows: K (v ) Among them: -ρ(v,v ) v [a ] V = ρ(v,v ) v [a ] p ρ(v,v )-ρ(v,v ) In ths case, the classc doman of each ndcators of the evaluaton unt s: 124 a +b b -a ρ(v,v )=ρ(v,<a >)= v

4 Adv. J. Food Sc. Technol., 10(2): , 2016 Table 4: Scores of the evaluaton ndex of each proect Evaluaton ndex Evaluate on unt C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 q q q q q q q v = b -a a +b b -a ρ(v,v p)=ρ(v,<a p p >)= v p p p p Calculaton of matter element based on comprehensve correlaton degree: Accordng to the degree of assocaton on level, whch was determned by weght coeffcent a of ndcator C and each evaluaton of evaluaton unt q, the comprehensve correlaton degree of pendng matter element was calculated as K (q) = ( ). atng: Comparng the sze of each level assocated degrees to determne the results of the assessment. The degree of assocaton of the level greater, whch ndcates that the evaluaton unt q complance ths level set was good. If s belong to level 0., the evaluaton unt q Calculate Level varable egenvalue of the evaluaton unt q: * m - m - = K (q) K (q) among them: =1 =1 K (q)- mnk (q) - K (q)= maxk (q) - mnk (q) The level varable egenvalues reflect the devaton degree of the level 0 of the evaluaton unt q tend to the other categores. Case study: Fve evaluaton unts of Yu Huan were used to test the proposed extensve comprehensve evaluaton model. Accordng to Table 1 and 2, scores these fve evaluaton unt of the varous factor ndex, the results are demonstrated n Table 4. The correlaton about level of the varous factor ndex of these fve evaluaton unt was calculated based on the correlaton functon of the above establshed evaluaton unt q and the evaluaton ndex about, the results are shown n Table 5. Fve unts evaluaton results was obtaned by the calculaton of the weght of each evaluaton value, whch was based on the comprehensve correlaton Table 5: Correlaton values of K (v) about the level for each evaluaton ndex of the evaluated proects v 1 v 2 v 3 v 4 v 5 v 6 v 7 K1 (v) q q q q q K2 (v) q q q q q K3 (v) q q q q q K4 (v) q q q q q Table 6: esults of evaluaton K (q) Evaluate on unt N 1 N 2 N 3 N 4 0 J * q q q q q

5 Adv. J. Food Sc. Technol., 10(2): , 2016 functon. There are two evaluaton unts n the level 2 and 3 evaluaton unts n level 3. In other words, q 1 and q 2 evaluaton results s the Level 2 and the remanng three evaluaton unt level s 3. Accordng to the level of characterstc values of the evaluaton unt (the smaller value of the characterstcs of the present study the hgher of the level), ts excellent degree sequence s q 2, q 1, q 3, q 5 and q 4, whch s shown n Table 6. CONCLUSION Ths study proposed the extenson evaluaton model whch appled quanttatve solutons to the natural qualty evaluaton of arable land of the reclamaton area. Ths model can reduce the ambguty and subectvty of the evaluaton and reflect the scentfc and obectve of the natural qualty evaluaton of arable land of the reclamaton area. The extenson evaluaton model s further enrched the dvson method of the natural qualty of agrcultural land and can provde the bass for farmland gradng. The results of the qualty evaluaton of cultvated land can provde techncal support for the specfc techncal process of the general Land Use Plannng (ao et al., 2009) (such as structural adustment and layout of agrcultural land, urban development drecton, land consoldaton area delneaton, the reserves of back-up area of arable land, farmland demand forecast and determne the nsurance number of cultvated land, etc.). The evaluaton results could also be used for the converson coeffcent of farmland gradng determnaton and arable producton capacty accountng, etc. In addton, the causng and constrants of dfferent natural qualty space dfferences can be determne by extractng certan attrbutes lke sol condton value, rrgaton stuaton, etc. Optmzaton of the transformaton measures, such as through the strengthenng of rrgaton and water conservancy facltes constructon, changng farmng systems of dry farmng, optmzng plantng structure, promotng water-savng rrgaton, afforestaton and grass, water savng and sand fxng, mprovng the producton capacty of low-grade farmland, was be possble by the use of ths proposed model. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Ths research has receved fnancal support from the Natonal Natural Scence Foundaton of Chna ( , ) and ZJNSFC (LY13D010004, 14YSK02ZD). EFEENCES Dong, Y., Z. Zhou,. Zhang and Y. Zhang, GIS support under the agrcultural land classfcaton study. Sol Water Conserv. es., 4: Lu, J., Y. Lu and J. Yang, GIS n agrcultural land classfcaton applcaton. Mappng Geospatal Inform., 6: Lu, W., Q.L. N and J. Chen, Gray correlaton degree n cultvated land qualty evaluaton. Land esour. Technol. Manag., 4: Ne, Y., Evaluated based on the qualty of cultvated land of the GIS and fuzzy matterelement the proxmty cluster analyss model. Sol Sc., 4: Tsa, W., C. Yang and W. Ln, Extenson Engneerng Methods. Scence Press, Beng. ao, B., Y. Chen, B. Lu and J. Chen, The applcaton problems and suggestons n Chna agrcultural land classfcaton achevements. Chna Agr. esour. eg. Plan., 6: u, S., Plot scale farmland qualty evaluaton and method explore. esour. Envron. Yangtze ver Basn, 1: Yu, D. and. Zhao, Agrcultural land gradng nformaton system desgn and development n Jangx Provnce. J. Agr. Eng., 6: Zhang, F., W. Yun and C.Z. Hu, Few theoretcal ssues and drecton n regulatons of farmland gradng. esour. Sc., 2: