Definition of the Logistics Park Hinterland Based on the Analysis of Spatial Medium Effect Applying to Weighted Voronoi Diagram

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1 2016 Internatonal Congress on Computaton lgorthms n Engneerng (ICCE 2016) ISBN: Defnton of the Logstcs Park Hnterland Based on the nalyss of Spatal Medum Effect pplyng to Weghted Vorono Dagram Hachao Nan* Department of Ralway Lne & Staton Desgn and Research, Chna Ralway SIYUN Desgn and Survey Group Co. LTD., Wuhan, Hube, Chna BSTRCT: ccurately defnng the logstcs park hnterland s the bass of the ratonal plannng of the logstcs park as well as further mprovng the logstcs effcency. However, currently, the parameters of the methods and models for defnng the logstcs park hnterland are stll not perfect, whch lead those reasonableness and accuracy are also not deal. Subsequently, based on the Vorono dagram basc theory n computatonal geometry whch reflects the advantage of the contnuty of space dvson as well as by ntroducng both the scale parameter of the space obect n the breakng-pont model and the heterogenety of the spatal medum caused by both the transportaton network and the regonal comprehensve strength factors nto Vorono dagram, the model based on the analyss of spatal medum effect applyng to weghted Vorono dagram to defne the logstcs park hnterland was bult. Then the plug-n used n GIS software was programmed. Fnally, ths model and plug-n were practcally appled to the plannng example of Xnn logstcs park n Schuan Provnce. Practce has proved that ths model overcome the defects exstng n the conventonal space dvson theores and the ordnary Vorono dagram theory, whch makes the defnton of the logstcs park hnterland more reasonable and scentfc. Keywords: logstcs park; Hnterland; Vorono dagram; GIS 1 INTRODUCTION Hnterland was especally referred to the materal dstrbuton area around the harbor at frst (Kong, 2007). Then, wth the wdely development the research content of economc geography, the concept of hnterland gradually was ntroduced nto the layout research of the varous economc center of the nland ctes as well as the urban functonal areas or facltes, so some scholars began to call t radaton scope, attractng scope or nfluencng scope. Due to the ncreasngly promnent role the logstcs park played n regonal economc development, the study of the defnton of ts hnterland was also ncreased and, Zhang (2011) frstly defned the hnterland of the logstcs park n hs study. s the accurate defnton the hnterland of the logstcs park provded the drect decson makng bass for the precse predcton of the logstcs volume n the logstcs park and the reasonable layout of functon settngs and scentfc desgn for *Correspondng author: benamnzyb@163.com the proft model, t was crucal for the ratonal, scentfc and accurate plannng of the entre logstcs park proect. Wth the advent of the nformaton age, the technology that usng GIS made spatal data analyss was developed and beng appled, thus more and more scholars began usng Vorono dagram theory n computatonal geometry whch had the advantage of the precse contnuty n space-dvson to defne hnterland. Wang et al. (2002) frstly appled the Vorono dagram theory to dvde the urban nfluencng scope. Some subsequent scholars (Zhang et al., 2000, Wang, 2006 and Feng, 2010) extended ts applcaton to the nfluencng scope dvson of the urban publc facltes and functonal areas. Many scholars (Duan, 2010, and Huang et al., 1990) had combned the Vorono dagram theory wth the breakng-pont model to create weghted Vorono dagram theory whch had more practcal value and was tested well. However, the exstng Vorono dagram theory faled to fully reflect the mpact of heterogenety caused by the spatal medum on defnng the hnterland. Therefore, based on the basc Vorono dagram theory as well as fully con- 233

2 sderng the effect of the space obect scale and the heterogenety of the spatal medum caused by both the transportaton network and the regonal comprehensve strength factors, the new method that weghted Vorono dagram based on the analyss of spatal medum effect whch was appled to defnng the logstcs park hnterland was proposed. 2 VORONOI DIGRM BSIC THEORY In 1908, Vorono dagram theory proposed by Russan mathematcan M.G. Vorono was used to dvde spatal plane. In ths theory, n any convex, Vorono polygon the dstance that any pont wthn some convex polygon from the space obect wthn the convex polygon s less than any pont from any other space obects n the spatal plane. Therefore, an mportant property of the Vorono dagram s that the dstance that each pont wthn the Vorono grd from the occurrence pont n the grd s less than that from any occurrence pont n other Vorono grds. Defnton (1) represents the Vorono dagram. p x d (1) Where p s the Vorono dagram area of the space obect p ; x s the set of space obect stands for any pont n the space; d s the Eucldean dstance functon. Thereafter, snce the Vorono dagram had the advantages of precse contnuty n space dvson, many scholars gradually developed ths theory. For example, both the varables such as the scale of the space obect and traffc network that caused the heterogenety of the spatal medum were respectvely ntroduced nto the Vorono dagram theory to form weghted Vorono dagram theory (Duan, 2010) and Vorono dagram theory based on spatal network analyss(lan, 2010); n addton, the two varables were smultaneously ntroduced nto the Vorono dagram theory to form the weghted Vorono dagram theory based on spatal network analyss (Zhang, 2011). These theores had been appled to solvng practcal problems and acheved good results. 3 MODELING x, p dx, p, p, p P, 3.1 Weghted Vorono dagram based on the analyss of spatal medum effect lthough the weghted Vorono dagram theory based on spatal network analyss mproved the Vorono dagram theory from the perspectve of both the scale of the space obect and traffc network that caused the heterogenety of the spatal medum, t was stll nsuffcent n analyzng the factors caused the heterogenety of the spatal medum, namely, the dfferences between exstent dfferent regons whch caused the heterogenety of the spatal medum were not taken nto account. Therefore, the dfferences between exstent dfferent regons were ntroduced nto the factors that caused the heterogenety of the spatal medum, and then weghted Vorono dagram based on the analyss of spatal medum effect was proposed n ths study. Suppose D = {P 1, P 2, P 3,, P n} s the set of the ponts on plane L. The network R = {l 1, l 2, l 3,, ln} s composed of a varety of curve on plane L; R s an open network, namely, t can get free access to network R at any pont; J = {G 1, G 2, G 3,, G n} s a set of the dfferent regons on plane L, and Defnton (2) s the weghted Vorono dagram based on the analyss of spatal medum effect. S n p, d x, p d x, p tr tr p 1,2,3, n (2) Where S n (p, λ ) s the Vorono dagram of space obect p ; P s the set of obectves; d tr s the dstance or tme functons of obectve p based on the heterogenety of the spatal medum caused by both the regonal network and the regonal comprehensve strength factors; t s the regonal network factor; r s the exstent regonal dfferences factor; x s any pont of space; λ s the weght of obectve p. Defnton (2) was ntroduced nto the defnton of logstcs park hnterland to obtan Defnton (3). S n p d x p d x p tr, tr,, C p 1,2,3, n (3) C Where S n (p, C ) s the Vorono dagram of logstcs park p ; P s the set of logstcs parks; d s the dstance or tme functons of logstcs park p based on the heterogenety of the spatal medum caused by both the transport network and the regonal comprehensve strength factors; t s the transport network factor, whch s determned by the relatve speed of the dfferent knds or levels of roads compared wth the non-transport network areas, as shown n Table 1; r s the exstent regonal dfferences factor, whch s evaluated by ndex system establshed n Part 3.3; x s any pont of space; C s the central strength of the logstcs park p, whch s evaluated by ndex system establshed n Part system of evaluatng the logstcs park centralty On the bass of the prncples such as Macroscopc, comprehensveness, operaton and dynamc, the ndex system of evaluatng the logstcs park centralty was establshed n ths study, as shown n Table 2. C tr 234

3 Table 1. Relatve speed of the dfferent knds or levels of roads compared wth the non-transport network areas. Roads level Ralway Expressway Natonal road Provncal road Non-transport network areas Desgn real speed(km/h) Relatve speed Influencng factors Logstcs park scale Equpment and faclty of the logstcs Table 2. of evaluatng the comprehensve strengths of the logstcs parks. Refnement ndex Logstcs gross product annually ( X 1 ) Investment ntensty ( X 2 ) Settled company qualfcaton ( X 3 ) Whether t has bonded area ( X 4 ) Preferental polcy ( X 5 ) Qualty of equpment and faclty ( X 6 ) Informaton network level ( X 7 ) Mult-modal transport level ( X 8 ) Supportng servces level ( X 9 ) Envronmental level ( X 10 ) Servce prce level ( X 11 ) Influencng factors Economy scale Economy qualty Table 3. of evaluatng the regonal comprehensve strength. Refnement ndex Gross regonal product ( Y 1 ) Total retal sales of consumer goods ( Y 2 ) Gross mport and export ( Y 3 ) Per capta GDP ( Y 4 ) verage money wage of staff and workers ( Y 5 ) Per capta dsposable ncome ( Y 6 ) Per capta growth rate of socal retalng consumer goods ( Y 7 ) Gross product n prmary ndustry ( Y 8 ) Gross product n secondary ndustry ( Y 9 ) Gross product n tertary ndustry ( Y 10 ) Urbanzaton rate ( Y 11 ) 3.3 system of evaluatng the regonal comprehensve strength The regonal comprehensve strength was also known as regonal comprehensve compettveness. In ths study, the comprehensve strength of the regon was llustrated by two aspects such as the scale of the economy and the qualty of the economy, as shown n Table 3. and of the same level and type as Xnn Logstcs Park, namely, Jazhou Logstcs Park, Ya an Logstcs Park, Qngbaang Logstcs Park and Western Chna Modern Logstcs Park, as shown n Fgure 1. 4 EXMPLE The method proposed n ths study was used n ths example to defne the hnterland of Xnn Logstcs Park whch was the key constructon proect of regonal plannng n Chengdu-Chongqng economc zone. Based on the analyss of the exstent logstcs parks n Schuan Provnce, the four logstcs parks around Fgure 1. Locaton of the logstcs parks, transport network and regons. 235

4 4.1 Evaluaton of the logstcs park centralty ccordng to the ndex system of evaluatng the logstcs park centralty establshed n Table 1, the relevant orgnal data was quered n statstcs or obtaned the experts gradng, as shown n Table 4. Table 4. Relevant orgnal data of the ndex evaluatng the regonal comprehensve strength of the fve logstcs park. Logstcs parks X1 (10 2 mllon Yuan) () X2 (10 2 mllon Yuan/mu) B C D E (B) Logstcs parks X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X B C D E Then the prncpal component analyss was utlzed to evaluate the orgnal data by SPSS software. ccordng to the total varance explaned table shown n Table 5 and based on the prncple egenvalues that are greater than 1 and the cumulatve contrbuton rate whch s more than 85%, the three man ngredents were determned. X3 Table 5. Total varance explaned. Component Intal Egenvalues Total % of Varance Cumulatve % Then the scores of the prncpal components multpled the proporton that the correspondng egenvalues for each prncpal component accounted for the sum of all the prncpal components to get the comprehensve evaluaton scores. s the comprehensve evaluaton scores of some logstcs parks calculated by SPSS were negatve whch could not be drectly used n the model proposed n ths study, Mn-Max Normalzaton method as shown n Equaton (4) was used to make the lnear transformaton of the orgnal data whch was mapped to the new data range 1, 4.04 to form the new data column, so the centralty of the logstcs parks was obtaned, as shown n Table 6. V ' V mn max mn new_ max new_ mn new_ mn (4) X4 X5 Table 6. Comprehensve strengths of the fve logstcs parks. Logstcs parks Comprehensve scores Comprehensve strength (C ) calculated by the mnmum-maxmum standardzed method Weghts C ) ( B C D E Where V s the data after normalzaton, V s the orgnal data; max and max B are respectvely the maxmum data and mnmum data n orgnal data column; new_ max and new_ max B are respectvely the maxmum data and mnmum data n new data column. 4.2 Evaluaton of the comprehensve strength of the regons ccordng to the ndex system of evaluatng the regonal comprehensve strength establshed n Table 2, the relevant orgnal data was quered n statstcs, as shown n Table 7. Then the prncpal component analyss was utlzed to evaluate the orgnal data by SPSS software. ccordng to the total varance explaned table shown n Table 8 and based on the prncple egenvalues that are greater than 1 and the cumulatve contrbuton rate whch s more than 85%, the man ngredents were determned. Then the scores of the prncpal components multpled the proporton that the correspondng egenvalues for each prncpal component accounted for the sum of all the prncpal components to get the comprehensve evaluaton scores. s the comprehensve evaluaton scores of some regons calculated by SPSS was negatve whch could not be drectly used n the model proposed n ths study, Mn-Max Normalzaton method was used to make the lnear transformaton of the orgnal data whch was mapped to the new data range (1, 8.885) to form the new data column, so the centralty of the logstcs parks was obtaned, as shown n Table 9. Table 7. Relevant orgnal data of the ndex evaluatng the regonal comprehensve strength of the fve logstcs parks. Ctes Y1 (10 2 mllon Yuan) () Y2 (10 thousand Yuan) Y3 (10 thousand dollars) Y4 (Yuan) Y5 (Yuan) O P Q R S T U V

5 Ctes Y6 (Yuan) Y7 (%) (B) Y8 (10 2 mllon Yuan ) Y9 (10 2 mllon Yuan ) Y10 (10 2 mllon Yuan ) Y11 (%) O P Q R S T U V regon of Meshan Cty, the northern regon of Ya an Cty and the northeastern regon of Leshan, as shown n Fgure 3. Fnally, Calculate Geometry tool n rcmap was used to calculate the area of the hnterland of Xnn Logstcs Park whch was 10, square klometers. Table 8. Total varance explaned. Component Intal Egenvalues Total % of Varance Cumulatve % Fgure 2. The plug-n of weghted Vorono dagram based on the analyss of spatal medum effect n rcmap. Ctes Table 9. Regonal comprehensve strength of the ctes. Comprehensve scores Comprehensve strength (r) calculated by the mnmum-maxmum standardzed method Weghts ( r ) Chengdu(O) Deyang(P) Manyang(Q) Sunng(R) Zyang(S) Meshan(T) Ya an(u) Leshan(V) Defnton of the hnterland of Xnn Logstcs Park On the bass of the crystal growth algorthm, by usng rcobects development tools and C# programmng software to mplement the secondary development, the plug-n of weghted Vorono dagram based on the analyss of spatal medum effect that could be drectly nstalled nto rcmap for operaton was generated, as shown n Fgure 2. In addton, ths plug-n had the characterstcs of smple operaton and unversalty, because t can load the fle wth precse locaton nformaton ncludng Shape and Dwg format as well as drectly mport the relevant parameters from Excel. Wth ths plug-n, the related layers were loaded nto rcmap. Meanwhle, the parameters calculated n Parts 4.1 and 4.2 were also mported to obtan the defnton result, whch showed the hnterland of Xnn Logstcs Park covered the western and southern regon of Chengdu Cty, the southwestern and central 5 CONCLUSION Fgure 3. Dagram of the hnterlands of Xnn Logstcs Parks. Currently, snce the defnton of the hnterland based on the tradtonal space dvson model as well as the lterature about the defnton of the logstcs park hnterland was lmted, the weghted Vorono dagram based on the analyss of spatal medum effect was establshed n vew of ts own characterstcs of the logstcs park, whch provdes a more scentfc and ratonal bass for accurately defnng the logstcs park hnterland. t the same tme, the GIS plug-n by programmng further verfed the feasblty of ths method. However, ths method also needs further mprovement. For nstance, frst, the ndex system used for evaluatng the logstcs park centralty and the comprehensve strength of the regon was stll not perfect and comprehensve; second, when usng ths 237

6 method to defne the logstcs park hnterland, the dvdng lne was put n the frst place, so when the Vorono dagram formed was not a completely closed space, ths method was also subect to certan lmtatons. In a word, these defcences need to be further studed n the future. REFERENCES [1] Kong, X. B Study on cty s economc hnterland and t s spatal defnton-take Chengdu and Manyang as examples. Chengdu: Southwest Jaotong Unversty. [2] Zhang, Y. B Research on the method of defnng logstcs park hnterland-weghted Vorono dagram based on transportaton network. Chengdu: Southwest Jaotong Unversty. [3] Wang, X. S., L, Q. & Guo, Q. S The generalzaton and constructon of Vorono dagram and ts applcaton on delmtatng cty s affected coverage. Journal of Central Chna Normal Unversty (Natural Scences) 36(1): [4] Zhang, L., & Zhou, H. Y Research on publc establshment locaton selecton based on the Vorono dagram n GIS. Computer Engneerng and pplcatons, (9): [5] Wang, Y. F GIS and Vorono Polygon based publc health care accessblty analyss. Geomatcs & Spatal Informaton, 29(3): [6] Feng, S. M Study on servce coverage of dstrbuton center based on Vorono dagram. real Research and Development, 29(3): [7] Duan, Q. L Spatal scope and the layer of nanng s economc hnterland based on breakng pont theory. Resources and Envronment n the Yangtze Basn, 19(8): [8] Huang, J. Y., Zhang, P. Y. & Lu, Y The change of urban economc nfluence regons n Helongang provnce snce Economc Geography, 30(7): [9] Lan, L. Y., Zhang, Y. H. & Yang, Y. P Crystal growth of cty Vorono dagram wth general transportaton networks. Computer Engneerng and pplcatons, 46(10):