ZIMBABWE PRISON CENSUS

Transcription

1 ZIMBABWE PRISON CENSUS 2nd QUARTER 2011 P. O. Box CY 342, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe Tel: (263-04) or (263-04) Fax: (263-04) Website: Price US $ 2.00 May

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3 Table of Contents Page Table of Contents... i List of Tables... iii Acronyms...v List of Figures... vii Chapter 1: Prison Population Introduction Distribution of Prisons Prison Population...1 Chapter 2: Admissions and Discharges Introduction Admissions Discharges...3 Chapter 3: Socio- Economic Background of Prisoners Introduction Age Group, Origin and Sex Crime Counts and Type, Origin and Sex Age Group and Sex Crime Counts and Type by Age Group and Sex Introduction...7 Chapter 4: Nationality of Prisoners Nationality and Sex Crime Counts and Type, Nationality and Sex...7 Chapter 5: Marital Status Introduction Marital Status and Sex Marital Status, Age Group and Sex Crime Counts and Type by Marital Status and Sex...9 Chapter 6: Religion i

4 6.1 Introduction Religion and Sex Religious Belief, Age group and Sex Crimes and Their Type by Religion and Sex Chapter 7: Education Introduction Highest Level of Education Completed by Sex Highest Level of Education Completed, Age Group and Sex Crime Counts and Type, Education Level and Sex Chapter 8: Employment and Occupation Introduction Employment Status and Sex Employment Status, Age Group and Sex Crime Counts and Type of Employment Status and Sex Occupation and Sex Occupation, Age and Sex Tables Appendices ii

5 List of Tables Table Page Table 1 Number of Prisoners by Province and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter -2 nd Quarter Table 2 Number of Releases/discharges, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter Table 3 Number of Zimbabwean Prisoners by Age Group, Origin and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 4 Crime Counts and Type by Origin and Sex for Zimbabwean Prisoners, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 5 Number of Prisoners by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census,1 st Quarter nd Quarter Table 6 Crime Counts and Type by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 7 Number of Prisoners by Nationality and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter Table 8 Crime Counts and Type by Nationality and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 9 Number of Prisoners by Marital Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter Table 10 Number of Prisoners by Marital Status, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 11 Crime Counts and Type by Marital Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 12 Number of Prisoners by Religious Belief and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter Table 13 Number of Prisoners by Religious Belief, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 14 Crime Counts and Type by Religious Belief and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter iii

6 Table 15 Number of Prisoners by Highest Level of Education Completed and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter Table 16 Number of Prisoners by Education Level, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 17 Crime Counts and Type by Highest Level of Education Completed and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 18 Number of Prisoners by Employment Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter Table 19 Number of Prisoners by Employment Status, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 20 Crime Counts and Type by Employment Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Table 21 Number of Prisoners by Occupation Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census,1 st Quarter nd Quarter Table 22 Number of Prisoners by Occupation Group, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter iv

7 Acronyms Organisations ZIMSTAT ZPS Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency Zimbabwe Prison Service Crimes Assault GBH Crim Law Amend Act CP and E DD (possess) DD (cultivate) DD (supply) DD (smoke) HB and Theft Law & Order (poss arms) M.I.P. Misc. Offences Act Other Mov/Veh Offences POSA Receive Stolen Prop R.M.T. R.T.A. Theft by F/Pretences Witchcraft S Act Assault Grievous Body Harm Criminal Law Amendment Act Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act Possession of Dangerous Drugs Cultivation of Dangerous Drugs Supplying of Dangerous Drugs Smoking of Dangerous Drugs House Breaking and Theft Law and Order Act (Possession of Arms) Malicious Injury to Property Miscellaneous Offences Act Other Moving Vehicle Offences Public Order and Security Act Receive Stolen Property Road Motor Transportation Act Road Traffic Act Theft by False Pretences Witchcraft Suppression Act Education Levels DC. Prim DC. Sec G/Post Grad Diploma/Certificate after Primary Diploma/Certificate after Secondary Graduate/Post Graduate v

8 Sex M F Male Female Countries DRC SA Democratic Republic of Congo South Africa Occupation Domestic Wkrs (Pvt Homes) Dir. /Mgrs & Comp. Sec Gvt & Snr Officials Services excl. Domestic Domestic Workers in Private Homes Directors, Managers and Company Secretaries Government and Senior Officials Service workers excluding domestic workers vi

9 List of Figures Figure Page Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4(a) Distribution of Prison Admissions by Province and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Distribution of Prison Discharges by Reason and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Distribution of Prisoners by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Distribution of Male Prisoners by Marital Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Figure 4(b) Distribution of Female Prisoners by Marital Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7(a) Distribution of Prisoners by Religious Background and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Distribution of Prisoners by Educational Level and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Distribution of Male Prisoners by Employment Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Figure 7(b) Distribution of Female Prisoners by Employment Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter vii

10 Chapter 1: Prison Population 1.1 Introduction The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) through the Zimbabwe Prison Service (ZPS) collects information on prisons admissions and discharges on a monthly basis. Data are collected using the Admissions and Discharge/Release questionnaires (See Appendix 1). The information is used to measure and assess changes in crime trends and prison population characteristics. This report presents results for the 2 nd Quarter of Distribution of Prisons The list of all prisons according to four ZPS regions and ten provinces used by ZIMSTAT is shown in Appendix 2. Midlands Province has the highest number of prisons of eight, followed by Harare with five, while Mashonaland Central, Matabeleland South and Masvingo have the lowest number of prisons, with three each. 1.3 Prison Population The total prison population refers to the Zimbabwe Prison Service unlock figures, which refer to the total number of prisoners during the unlocking of prison doors or the total number of prisoners who would have slept in prison on the night of the previous day. Whereas the statistics in the remainder of this publication refer to the 2 nd quarter of 2011 ending 30 June, the total prison population refers to unlock figures taken on the last Monday of the quarter, that is, 27 June The total prison population in the 2 nd Quarter of 2011 was , a decrease of nearly 1 percent when compared to inmates in the 1 st Quarter of

11 Chapter 2: Admissions and Discharges 2.1 Introduction This chapter focuses on prison admissions and discharges by reason of discharge and sex. Population characteristics are recorded on admission of prisoners into prison. 2.2 Admissions Table 1, illustrated in Figure 1, on the number of prisoners admitted by province and sex, shows that a total of persons, consisting of males and 393 females, were imprisoned during the 2 nd Quarter of The total number of prison admissions in the 2 nd Quarter of 2011 declined by 3 percent when compared to the 1 st Quarter of 2011 while the number of new female prisoners declined by 27 percent in the period under review. Figure 1: Distribution of Prison Admissions by Province and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter

12 Harare province had the highest number of prisoners admitted during the 2nd Quarter of 2011 with 822 males and 80 females followed by Midlands with 793 males and 69 females and Mashonaland Central with 566 males and 28 females. The lowest number of prisoners of 127 (121 males and 6 females) was recorded in Masvingo. The female only Prison, Chikurubi Female Prison, recorded the largest number of admissions of female prisoners of 80 during the 2 nd Quarter of Discharges As shown in Table 2 and depicted in Figure 2 below, prisoners were discharged or released from prison for various reasons during the 2 nd Quarter of The total number of prisoners discharged during the quarter was a decline from the prisoners released in the 1 st Quarter of In the 2 nd Quarter of 2011, for both males and females most of the prisoners were released on expiry of their sentences (1 233), payment of bail or free bail (1 001), or other reasons (598). Eleven prisoners died in prison while one escaped from custody during the 2 nd Quarter of A total of 178 persons were released to perform community service. Of the 433 female prisoners released, 144 were on paid bail and 123 had served their sentence terms. Figure 2: Distribution of Prison Discharges by Reason and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter

13 Chapter 3: Socio- Economic Background of Prisoners 3.1 Introduction This and ensuing chapters describe characteristics of prisoners who were admitted during the 2 nd Quarter of This chapter describes the socio-economic background of prisoners, including their origin, sex, types of crime committed, frequency of crimes committed and nationality. Origin refers to the usual place of residence (rural or urban) of the prisoner at the time of imprisonment. 3.2 Age Group, Origin and Sex The distribution of Zimbabwean prisoners admitted during the 2 nd Quarter of 2011 by age group, place of origin and sex is presented in Table 3. Figure 3 below, depicts the distribution of the prisoners by age group and sex. The highest number of prisoners from both rural and urban areas was of age 25 to 29 years (1 244), followed by those of age 20 to 24 years (1 077) and then 30 to 34 years (782). 4

14 Figure 3: Distribution of Zimbabwean Prisoners by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter Crime Counts and Type, Origin and Sex Table 4 presents the crime counts committed by prisoners of Zimbabwean nationality admitted in the 2 nd Quarter of 2011 classified by area of origin (urban/rural) and sex of prisoners. The most frequent crimes committed by males in urban areas were other theft, common assault and HB & theft while males in rural areas had common assault, other theft, HB & theft and rape as their most frequent crimes. Crimes committed predominantly by females in urban areas were other theft, fraud and sexual offences while females in rural areas were mostly involved in other theft, common assault and sexual offences. 3.4 Age Group and Sex Table 5 presents the distribution of prisoners admitted in the 2 nd Quarter of 2011 by age group and sex. The highest percentage of male prisoners (27 percent) was of age 25 to 29 years followed by those aged 20 to 24 years (23 percent). For females prisoners, the highest percentage was of age 20 to 24 years (25 percent) followed by those aged 25 to 29 years (23 percent). In the 5

15 first quarter the highest percentage of females was of age 25 to 29 years followed by those aged 20 to 24 years. 3.5 Crime Counts and Type by Age Group and Sex Table 6 shows the number of crime counts committed by prisoners admitted in the 2 nd Quarter of 2011 by age group and sex. The predominant crime committed by males under age 15 years was rape. Other theft, common theft and H.B. & theft were the most frequent crimes for males aged 15 to 44 years. For males aged 60 years and above, the most common crimes was rape. The most frequent crimes committed by females of age 15 to 44 years were other theft, sexual offences and common assault. 6

16 Chapter 4: Nationality of Prisoners 4.1 Introduction In this chapter, the nationality of prisoners admitted in the 2 nd Quarter of 2011, is analysed according to the following countries or regions: Countries: Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, United Kingdom, Zambia and Zimbabwe Regions: America, Asian Countries, Oceania, Other African countries and Other European countries 4.2 Nationality and Sex From Table 7, ninety-four percent of the prisoners admitted were Zimbabweans. The highest number of foreign prisoners were from Other African countries (108 males and 2 females), followed by Asia countries (34 males and 7 females) and Nigeria (35 males). In comparison with the 1 st quarter of 2011(1 percent), foreign nationals were 6 percent of the prisoners admitted in the 2 nd Quarter of The number of prisoners from Other African countries increased by 99 prisoners while prisoners from Asia and Nigeria increased by 38 and 32 prisoners, respectively. 4.3 Crime Counts and Type, Nationality and Sex The types of crime committed by prisoners by nationality and sex are presented in Table 8. The most frequent crimes committed by Zimbabwean males were other theft, common assault, H.B. & theft and rape. Violation of the Immigration Act accounted for most of the imprisonment of foreign nationals, with 237 out of the 284 counts committed by nationals from other countries. 7

17 Chapter 5: Marital Status 5.1 Introduction This chapter presents information on the marital status of prisoners. The prisoners were categorised into never married, married, divorced/separated and widowed. 5.2 Marital Status and Sex The distribution of prisoners admitted in the 2 nd Quarter of 2011 by marital status at the time of committing crime and sex is shown in Table 9 and illustrated in Figures 4(a) and 4(b). Figure 4(a): Distribution of Male Prisoners by Marital Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Figure 4(b): Distribution of Female Prisoners by Marital Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 The highest number of male prisoners were married (2 879), followed by those who were never married (1 535). For female prisoners, 165 were married while 155 were never married. The 8

18 lowest number of prisoners of 69 (41 male, 28 female) were widowed. The distribution of both male and females prisoners was similar with the previous quarter. 5.3 Marital Status, Age Group and Sex Table 10 shows the distribution of prisoners by marital status, age and sex. The highest number for both male and female prisoners who were never married was of age 20 to 24 years (605 males and 49 females). The highest number of married prisoners was in the age group 25 to 29 years for both sexes (846 males and 44 females). The highest number of divorced/separated male prisoners was of age 25 to 29 years and 35 to 39 years while that for divorced/separated females was of age 20 to 24 years. The highest number for the widowed prisoners was of age 30 to 34 for both sexes. 5.4 Crime Counts and Type by Marital Status and Sex From Table 11, the most frequent crimes committed by never married and married male prisoners were other theft, common assault, and H.B. & theft. Married female prisoners were mainly imprisoned for other theft and common assault. Divorced/separated male prisoners had rape, other theft and common assault as the most frequent crimes while their female counterparts had sexual offences and other theft as the most frequent crimes. 9

19 Chapter 6: Religion 6.1 Introduction This chapter presents information on the religion of prisoners classified as follows: Traditional, Christian, Islam, Hindu, Other and Non-religious. Other religion includes all unspecified religions while non-religious prisoners do not follow any religion. 6.2 Religion and Sex The distribution of new prisoners in the 2 nd Quarter of 2011 by religious beliefs and sex is shown in Table 12 and depicted in Figure 5. Fifty-nine percent of the prisoners were Christian, 24 percent had no religion and 13 percent were traditionalists, a pattern observed in the 1 st quarter were these were the top religious beliefs. As found in the previous quarter, very few prisoners follow Hindu, Islam or Other religions. In the quarter under review, no prisoner of the Hindu religion was imprisoned. Figure 5: Distribution of Prisoners by Religion and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter

20 6.3 Religious Belief, Age group and Sex Table 13 presents the distribution of prisoners by religion, age and sex. For almost all religions, the highest number of prisoners were of age 25 to 29 years (1 231 males and 91 females) followed by those of age 20 to 24 years (1 037 males and 98 females). 6.4 Crimes and Their Type by Religion and Sex From Table 14, the three most frequent crimes for males who cited that they were traditionalists or had no religious persuasion were common assault, other theft and HB & theft. For males who are Christians, the most frequent crimes were other theft, common assault and rape. Other theft and common assault were the most frequent crimes committed by female prisoners who are traditionalists. For females who are Christians, the most frequent crimes were other theft, common assault and fraud. Sexual offences were the most frequent crime for females who do not follow any religion. 11

21 Chapter 7: Education 7.1. Introduction This chapter describes crimes committed in relation to the level of education attained by the prisoners at the time of imprisonment. The levels of education were classified as none (never attended school or did not complete grade 1), grades 1 to 7, forms 1 to 2, forms 3 to 4, forms 5 to 6, diploma/certificate after primary, diploma/certificate after secondary and graduate/postgraduate. 7.2 Highest Level of Education Completed by Sex Table 15, illustrated in Figure 6, presents the distribution of prisoners admitted in the 2 nd Quarter 2011 by the highest level of education attained and sex. The highest number of prisoners (47 percent of the males and 56 percent of the females) had attained forms 3 to 4, followed by those who had completed grades 1 to 7 (31 percent of the males and 21 percent of the females), a pattern similar to the 1 st Quarter of Figure 6: Distribution of Prisoners by Educational Level and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter

22 7.3 Highest Level of Education Completed, Age Group and Sex The distribution of prisoners by level of education is presented in Table 16. The table shows that for all age groups, the highest number of prisoners of both sexes had form 3 to 4 as their highest level of education. Forty-seven percent of males had completed form 3 or 4, 31 percent had primary education and 14 percent had form 1 to 2 education. For females, 56 percent had form 3 to 4 education, 21 percent had primary education and 16 percent had form 1 to 2 education. 7.4 Crime Counts and Type, Education Level and Sex Table 17 shows the distribution of crime counts of prisoners by highest level of education completed and sex. The three major crimes of other theft, common assault and HB & theft were committed mainly by males who had primary and form 1 to 4 level of education. Males with no education were imprisoned mainly for immigration violations, other theft and common assault. Other theft was the most common crime among female prisoners and was committed by those with primary and forms 1 to 4 levels of education. 13

23 Chapter 8: Employment and Occupation 8.1 Introduction This chapter presents information on the employment status of prisoners and previous occupations of prisoners. The employment status was categorised into unemployed, employed and self-employed. 8.2 Employment Status and Sex Table 18, depicted in Figures 7(a) and 7(b), shows the distribution of prisoners by employment status and sex. Most of the prisoners were either unemployed (68 percent of the males and 82 percent of the females) or employed (19 percent of the males and 8 percent of the females). In the 1 st and 2 nd Quarters of 2011, 76 percent and 69 percent of the prisoners were unemployed, respectively. Figure 7(a): Distribution of Male Prisoners by Employment Status Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Figure 7(b): Distribution of Female Prisoners by Employment Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter

24 8.3 Employment Status, Age Group and Sex The 25 to 29 years age group provided the highest number of employed male prisoners (252) followed by those aged 20 to 24 years (171) as shown in Table 19. Similarly, the highest number of unemployed male prisoners (806) was of age 25 to 29 years followed by those aged 20 to 24 years (733). The pattern was the same for the self employed. Most of the female prisoners were unemployed with the age group 25 to 29 years providing the highest number(78) followed by those aged 20 to 24 years (76). 8.4 Crime Counts and Type of Employment Status and Sex Table 20 presents the crimes committed in relation to employment status and sex of the offender. Unemployed male prisoners had common assault, other theft and HB & theft as the most committed crimes while unemployed females had other theft, sexual offences and common assault. Employed males committed mostly other theft, common assault and HB & theft while employed females committed mostly other theft and fraud. Male prisoners who were selfemployed had other theft, common assault and rape as the most committed crimes. However, rape was committed more by males who were unemployed (242 counts) 8.5 Occupation and Sex From Table 21 on occupation and sex, 68 percent of the male prisoners were unemployed, 7 percent were in Agriculture and 5 percent were in Services (excl Domestic). Eighty-two percent of the female prisoners were unemployed, 6 percent were in Services (excl. Domestic) and 4 percent were in Agriculture. As observed in the 1 st Quarter of 2011, no student was imprisoned during the 2 nd Quarter. 8.6 Occupation, Age and Sex Table 22 shows the distribution of prisoners admitted in the 2 nd Quarter of 2011 in relation to occupation, age and sex. The highest number of unemployed prisoners was of age 25 to 29 years followed by those aged 20 to 24 years. The highest number of male prisoners who were in the agricultural sector at the time of imprisonment was of a broad age group 20 to 29 years. 15

25 Tables Table 1: Number of Prisoners Admitted by Province and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Location by Province 1st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total Manicaland Chipinge Little Kraal N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Mutare Mutare Farm N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Rusape Total Mashonaland Central Bindura Mazowe N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Mt Darwin Total Mashonaland East Chivhu Marondera Murewa Mutoko Ridigita N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Total

26 Table 1 (Contd) Location by Province 1st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total Mashonaland West Chinhoyi Kadoma Karoi Hurungwe N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Total Matabeleland North Binga Hwange Nkayi Tsholotsho Total Matabeleland South Beitbridge Gwanda Plumtree Total Midlands Connemara Gokwe Kwekwe Mberengwa Shurugwi Whawha Whawha Med Zvishavane Total

27 Table 1 (Contd) Location by Province 1st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total Masvingo Chiredzi Masvingo Mutimurefu Total Harare Chikurubi Farm N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Chikurubi Female N/A N/A Chikurubi Ma- N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Harare Central Harare Remand Total Bulawayo Anju N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Bulawayo Khami Ma-. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Khami Med. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Khami Remand Mlondolozi Total Grand Total Note: N/A No admissions - Data not received 18

28 Table 2: Number of Releases/ Discharges, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Reason for Period Discharge/Release 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total Sentence Expired Medical Grounds Deaths Bail Paid Fine Paid Case Withdrawn Escaped Further Remand Refused Community Service Cuts Inflicted Other Total Table 3: Number of Zimbabwean Prisoners by Age Group, Origin and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Age Group Area Urban Rural Grand Total Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

29 Table 4: Crime Counts and Type by Origin and Sex for Zimbabwean Prisoners, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Crime Area Urban Rural Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act CP & E Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones

30 Table 4 (Contd) Crime Area Urban Rural Total Male Female Male Female Male Female No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

31 Table 5: Number of Prisoners by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Age Group Period 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total < Total

32 Table 6: Crime Counts and Type by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Crime Age Group < Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act CP & E Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms

33 Table 6 (Contd) Crime Age Group < Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Theft by Fishing

34 Table 6 (Contd) Crime Age Group < Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence) POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

35 Table 6 (Contd) Crime Age Group Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act CP & E Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms

36 Table 6 (Contd) Crime Age Group Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Theft by Fishing

37 Table 6 (Contd) Crime Age Group Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence) POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

38 Table 7: Number of Prisoners by Nationality and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, Country/Region 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Period 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total D.R. Congo Botswana Malawi Mozambique S. Africa Zambia Nigeria Ghana Zimbabwe Other Africa Other Europe Asia Total

39 Table 8: Crime Counts and Type by Nationality and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Crime D.R. Congo Botswana Malawi Mozambique S. Africa Zambia Nigeria Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act CP & E Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms

40 Table 8 (Contd) Crime D.R. Congo Botswana Malawi Mozambique S. Africa Zambia Nigeria Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Theft by Fishing

41 Table 8 (Contd) Crime D.R. Congo Botswana Malawi Mozambique S. Africa Zambia Nigeria Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

42 Table 8 (Contd) Crime Ghana Zimbabwe Other Africa Other Europe Asia Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act CP & E Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms

43 Table 8 (Contd) Crime Ghana Zimbabwe Other Africa Other Europe Asia Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Theft by Fishing

44 Table 8 (Contd) Crime Ghana Zimbabwe Other Africa Other Europe Asia Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

45 Table 9: Number of Prisoners by Marital Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Marital Status 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total

46 Table 10: Number of Prisoners by Marital Status, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Age Group Marital Status Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

47 Table 11: Crime Counts and Type by Marital Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Crime Marital Status Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act CP & E

48 Table 11 (Contd) Crime Marital Status Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest

49 Table 11 (Contd) Crime Marital Status Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Theft by Fishing Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence) POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

50 Table 12: Number of Prisoners by Religious Belief and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Religion Period 1st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total Traditional Christian Islam Hindu Other None Total

51 Table 13: Number of Prisoners by Religious Belief, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Age Group Religion Traditional Christian Islam Other None Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

52 Table 14: Crime Counts and Type by Religious Belief and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Crime Religion Traditional Christian Islam Other None Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act CP & E Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms

53 Table 14 (Contd) Crime Religion Traditional Christian Islam Other None Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Theft by Fishing

54 Table 14 (Contd) Crime Religion Traditional Christian Islam Other None Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence) POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

55 Table 15: Number of Prisoners by Highest Level of Education Completed and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Educational Level 1st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total None Grade Form Form Form DC. Prim DC. Sec G/Post Grad Total

56 Table 16: Number of Prisoners by Education Level, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Age Group Educational Level None Grade 1-7 Form 1-2 Form 3-4 Form 5-6 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

57 Table 16 (Contd) Age Group Educational Level DC. Prim DC. Sec G/Post Grad Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

58 Table 17: Crime Counts and Type by Education Completed and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Crime Educational Level None Grade 1-7 Form 1-2 Form 3-4 Form 5-6 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Criminal Law Admt CP & E Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms Forests

59 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level None Grade 1-7 Form 1-2 Form 3-4 Form 5-6 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Theft by Fishing

60 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level None Grade 1-7 Form 1-2 Form 3-4 Form 5-6 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence) POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

61 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level DC. Prim DC. Sec G/Post Grad Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Criminal Law Admt CP & E Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms Forests

62 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level DC. Prim DC. Sec G/Post Grad Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Theft by Fishing

63 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level DC. Prim DC. Sec G/Post Grad Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence) POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

64 Table 18: Number of Prisoners by Employment Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Employment Status Period 1st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total Employed Unemployed Self Employed Total

65 Table 19: Number of Prisoners by Employment Status, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Age Group Employment Status Employed Unemployed Self Employed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

66 Table 20: Crime Counts and Type by Employment Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Crime Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Employment Status Employed Unemployed Self Employed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault GBH Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Arson Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Criminal Law Admt CP & E Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) DD(supply) DD(smoke) Fire Arms Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order(Other) Liquor(drunk) Liquor Other

67 Table 20 (Contd) Crime Employment Status Employed Unemployed Self Employed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Misc. Offence Act Parks & Wildlife Precious Stones No Drivers Licence Reckless Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft by Conversion Theft by Fishing Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence) POSA-(Other) Corruption Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Car Jacking/Robbery Total

68 Table 21: Number of Prisoners by Occupation Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Occupation Period 1st Quarter nd Quarter 2011 Male Female Total Male Female Total Armed Forces Gvt & Snr Officials Dir./Mgrs & Comp. Sec Natural Sciences Engineers and Technicians Life Sciences Professionals Education Business and Finance Social Science Artists Religion Machine Operators Law and Security Administration Clerks and Secretaries Transport Services(excl. Domestic) Domestic Workers(Pvt. Homes) Agriculture Mining and Construction Mechanics Manufacturing Unemployed Total

69 Table 22: Number of Prisoners by Occupation Group, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 2 nd Quarter 2011 Occupation Type Age Group < Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Armed Forces Gvt & Snr Officials Dir./Mgrs & Comp. Sec Natural Sciences Engineers and Technicians Life Sciences Professionals Education Business and Finance Law and Security Social Science Artists Religion Administration Clerks and Secretaries Transport Services(excl. Domestic) Domestic Workers(Pvt. Homes) Agriculture Mining and Construction Mechanics Manufacturing Machine Operators Unemployed Total

70 Table 22 (Contd) Occupation Type Age Group Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Armed Forces Gvt & Snr Officials Dir./Mgrs & Comp. Sec Natural Sciences Engineers and Technicians Life Sciences Professionals Education Business and Finance Law and Security Social Science Artists Religion Administration Clerks and Secretaries Transport Services(excl. Domestic) Domestic Workers(Pvt. Homes) Agriculture Mining and Construction Mechanics Manufacturing Machine Operators Unemployed Total

71 Appendices Appendix 1: Admission and Discharge Questionnaires CONFIDENTIAL Zimbabwe Prison Statistics New Prisoners Prison Code Month Year Page 1.1 New Prisoners Number (Do not include the year of admission) 1 Identity 2 Education and Employment 3Crime Religion Highest Crime o Length Age Place of o District Employment (When crime was committed) For 3.1 F F 4.2. Age Marital a Educat Office r C Usual Residence r Of N 2 on Last Status i Tradi- Level Use O u Crime O Residence t 1 ion Status Occupation o Of (when Usual S Birth tional 1 Was E -day o Completed Only f t ce ted) f Employed f n Senten Commit- f X 1 n 2 Never a Christian (see code 2 i s i Marri 1 at the ed l Unemployed code c (see c M 3 back) i a Islam e e at the 2 l t 3 back) Marri e y 4 Self- O O ed Hindu Employed n n 2 3 (see F 5 l l Divor code e Other y y ced/ at the m Separ back) a 6 ated l None e 4 Wido wed For Office Use Only Compiled by.. Date. Officer in Charge 62