transfer of heat energy by conduction, convection, and radiation Doppler effect static electricity
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2 Energy, Force, and Motion identifying energy transformations; Identifying and analyzing the transfer of heat energy by conduction, convection, and radiation interpreting a phase diagram; describing and calculating velocity and acceleration; comparing Newton s three laws; calculating mechanical advantage; understanding the work of simple machines Waves, Electricity, and Magnetism investigating light and sound phenomena and comparing light to sound; Doppler effect; describing the causes of static electricity; constructing and analyzing series and parallel circuits; describing the relationship between voltage, current and resistance and relating electricity and magnetism and common applications
3 SPEED Describes how fast an object is moving.
4 Average Speed = distance time
5 Velocity The speed of an object in a certain direction.
6 Velocity d V = t speed of an object in a certain direction. V = velocity (meters/second) d = distance (meters) t = time (seconds)
7 Velocity speed of an object in a certain direction. 0 3 seconds 2 1
8 Total time= Speed=? Velocity=? 4 seconds 12 meters 16 meters 20 meters
9 Numerator Denominator 5 12
10 Acceleration
11
12 Acceleration is how quickly velocity changes over time. X L eh ray shun 0 3 Speed 1 2 Meters/second
13 Acceleration how quickly velocity changes over time. A = (V - V ) final initial time
14 Acceleration the change in velocity over time. Acceleration = Acceleration = change in velocity time (v 2 v 1 ) Time V 1 = beginning velocity V 2 = ending velocity
15 The graph below relates speed and time of four cars (1, 2, 3, and 4) traveling along a straight highway. Which two cars move with zero acceleration? 1 and 4 2 and 3 1 and 2 3 and 4
16 Which of the following is certain to change as a ball accelerates? mass of the ball inertia of the ball velocity of the ball force acting on the ball
17 What must happen to an object in order to accelerate it? A net force must be applied. Some weight must be removed. Its frictional coefficient must be reduced. It must contain momentum.
18 Which of these describes the object with the largest acceleration? An object with a small change in velocity over a small change in time An object with a small change in velocity over a large change in time An object with a large change in velocity over a small change in time An object with a large change in velocity over a large change in time
19 Scalar a measurement that does NOT contain direction. Egg sample: Speed Vector a measurement that contains direction. Egg sample: Velocity
20 Forces of Nature Gravitational Magnetic
21 Mass and Inertia The universe consists of matter in motion
22 The greater the mass The greater harder it is to move. the harder And... harder it is to stop moving. the harder
23 Lower mass objects are easier to move...and to stop moving. easier
24 NEWTON s Laws 1st Law of Motion : An object remains at a constant speed in a straight path,until a net force acts on it.
25 NEWTON s 1st Law of Motion is the law of ih ner shah An object will remain at a constant speed (unless disturbed).
26 the force of a moving body. the mass times velocity of an object p = m v Momentum = mass x velocity (Kgrams) (meters/second)
27 Momentum = mass x velocity Higher mass higher momentum Higher velocity higher momentum p = m v
28 includes velocity. So, it has direction. Momentum points in the direction of motion.
29 Conservation of momentum When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.
30 Conservation of momentum When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.
31 Conservation of momentum When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.
32 Conservation of momentum When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.
33 NEWTON s 2 nd Law of Motion : An object that has a force acting on it will change its speed (accelerate).
34 NEWTON s 2 nd Law of Motion : f = m a f = net force (newtons) m = mass mass (Kilograms) force = mass acceleration a = acceleration (meters/second 2 )
35 NEWTON s 2 nd Law of Motion : f = m a mass mass of the club acceleration of the club force of the club
36 Net force is the total amount of Force (minus the forces that cancel each other out). Force of gravity Force of muscles Net force
37 When the net force is Zero. -> NO movement When the net force is NOT Zero. -> movement
38 Static Equilibrium Balanced forces When all forces are balanced. The net force is Zero. There is NO movement. 3 Kg? 2 Kg
39 50 N 50 N 50 N 50 N
40 NEWTON s 3rd Law of Motion: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
41 NEWTON s 3rd Law of Motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
42 NEWTON s 3rd Law of Motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
43
44 Gravity Inertia Friction Balanced or unbalanced? Action Reaction
45 Gravity UN balanced Sp peed (m/s) BALL Ground Time (msec)
46 Inertia PUTTER UN balanced Sp peed (m/s) BALL Time (msec)
47 Friction SKATE UN balanced Sp peed (m/s) Time (Sec)
48 A car is traveling down a hill. Which of the following will affect the amount of energy the car has? how long the car is the time of day how much the car weighs the color of the car
49 Friction the resistive force that occurs when two surfaces travel past each other. causes physical deformation generates heat
50 Friction the resistive force that occurs when two surfaces contact each other.
51 Oliver the dog doesn't want to walk in the rain. He can make his owner pull harder on the leash to get him out the door by sitting on the vinyl floor. sitting on the tile floor. sitting on the carpeted floor. sitting on the wood floor.
52 Pauline needs to measure the sliding friction of a brick. How should she go about doing this? attach the brick to a string and then to a spring scale and read the force needed to quickly lift the brick off the ground drag the brick by a string attached to a spring scale so that it gradually speeds up drag the brick by a string attached to a spring scale along the surface of a table at a constant speed and read the force hang the brick from a string attached to a spring scale and read the force
53 Sliding friction-the drag force created when the surface of one object slides across the surface of another object. Sliding Friction Lab Object Surface force (Newstons)
54 terminal velocity gravity will accelerate an object until air resistance (friction) does not allow it to go any faster.
55 In the absence of air resistance, which of these objects will fall at the fastest rate when dropped? the ball with a mass of 75 kg the ball with a mass of 25 kg the ball with a mass of 10 kg They all fall at the same rate.
56 Pressure is the amount of force exerted over a certain area. Pressure = Force Area
57 Pressure = Force Force (newtons) Area (m (m 2 ) 1 Pascal = 1 Newton/meter 2
58
59 Distance{ W = f d Force Distance {
60 Gravitational force
61 Gravitational force
62 Gravitational force o INCREASES with Mass o DECREASES with Distance
63 All objects in the universe are attracted to each other by the force of effort. friction. gravity. inertia.
64 Four pairs of objects have the masses shown below. If the objects in each pair are the same distance apart, the gravitational force between the objects in which pair is greatest? 1 kilogram and 1 kilogram 1 kilogram and 2 kilograms 2 kilograms and 1 kilogram 2 kilograms and 2 kilograms
65 As an astronaut travels from Earth to a space station orbiting Earth, what happens to her mass and weight? Her mass decreases, but her weight remains the same. Her mass increases as her weight decreases. Her mass remains the same, but her weight decreases. Her mass decreases and her weight also decreases.
66 Which hill would you slide down the fastest? hill A hill B hill C It would take the same time to slide down all of the hills.
67 Projectile Motion Velocity (m/s) forward downward seconds 2 1
68 Projectile Motion Velocity (m/s) forward downward seconds 2 1
69 Simple Machines and work Lever Inclined plane Pulley Wedge Screw Wheel and axle
70 Simple Machines Pulley Wheel & Axle Lever Inclined plane Screw Wedge Gear
71
72 Simple Machines Pulley Inclined plane Wheel & Axle Screw Lever Wedge Gear
73 Which activity involves the use of a simple machine? riding on a seesaw flying a kite listening to a radio skiing down a hill
74
75 Simple Machine A mechanism that lowers the amount of force needed to do work, by increasing the distance.
76 On which simple machine is a fulcrum found? pulley wheel axle lever
77 ALL Simple Machines work the same way
78 Lever action 1 meter 2 meters Force=13 N Force=?
79 Mechanical Advantage= final distance starting distance 3 meters 9 meters
80 Mechanical Advantage= distance distance 8 meters 2 meters
81 Which of the following is often used as a lever? file nail saw crowbar
82 The Wedge
83 The bottom of this light bulb is an example of what type of simple machine? a lever a pulley a screw a wedge
84 What type of simple machine is used to split things apart? screw wheel and axle wedge inclined plane
85 What type of simple machine is used to pull a flag up to the top of a flagpole? screw wheel and axle inclined plane pulley
86 Pulley Lab A fixed pulley B movable pulley C double pulley (end in top) D double pulley (end in bottom)
87 DO THIS FIRST! Hook on Bottom dude! Force of the weight ONLY. A. fixed pulley B. movable pulley Get out your own sheet of paper 1. Write down the force of the weight (newtons). 2. For each pulley system write down the NEW force of the weight. Pull the string exactly 20 cm. Write down the distance (cm) that the weight C. double pulley (end in top) D. double moved. pulley (end in bottom)
88 BIG Teeth=16 small Teeth =8 16:8 2:1 So, the small gear spins TWICE AS FAST as the big gear.
89 A 200 pound man lifts a rock weighing 800 pounds by standing on the end of calculating a lever. How much mechanical advantage did the lever provide? mechanical Advantage M.A. = 800 Kg/200 Kg = 4
90 If you wuz n a Merry-go-round & yuz let go, Which wayz wud yu go?
91 CENTRIPETAL FORCE The inward force on a spinning object, that stops it from going in a straight line. Perpendicular
92 CENTRIPETAL FORCE
93 CENTRIPETAL FORCE sen tripit ul The inward force on a Spinning object.
94 CENTRIPETAL FORCE The inward force on a Spinning object.
95 Satellites stay in place as they orbit because of... the repeated firing of rocket boosters. the gravitational pull of Earth. a narrow path through the vacuum of space. solar panels generating energy to hold them in place
96 2009 All rights reserved.
97 This powerpoint was kindly donated to is home to over a is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
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