Chapter: Work and Machines
|
|
- Kevin Hawkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 Table of Contents Chapter: Work and Machines Section 1: Work Section 2: Using Machines Section 3: Simple Machines
3 1 Work What is work? To many people, the word work means something they do to earn money. The word work also means exerting a force with your muscles.
4 1 Work What is work? Someone might say they have done work when they push as hard as they can against a wall that doesn t move. However, in science the word work is used in a different way.
5 1 Work Work Makes Something Move Remember that a force is a push or a pull. In order for work to be done, a force must make something move. Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move. If you push against the desk and nothing moves, then you haven t done any work.
6 1 Doing work Work There are two conditions that have to be satisfied for work to be done on an object. One is that the applied force must make the object move, and the other is that the movement must be in the same direction as the applied force.
7 1 Doing work Work For example, when you lift a stack of books, your arms apply a force upward and the books move upward. Because the force and distance are in the same direction, your arms have done work on the books.
8 1 Work Force and Direction of Motion When you carry books while walking, you might think that your arms are doing work. However, in this case, the force exerted by your arms does no work on the books.
9 1 Work Force and Direction of Motion The force exerted by your arms on the books is upward, but the books are moving horizontally. The force you exert is at right angles to the direction the books are moving.
10 1 Work Work and Energy When work is done, a transfer of energy always occurs. This is easy to understand when you think about how you feel after carrying a heavy box up a flight of stairs. You transferred energy from your moving muscles to the box and increased its potential energy by increasing its height.
11 1 Work Work and Energy You may recall that energy is the ability to cause change. Another way to think of energy is that energy is the ability to do work. If something has energy, it can transfer energy to another object by doing work on that object.
12 1 Work Work and Energy When you do work on an object, you increase its energy. The student carrying the box transfers chemical energy in his muscles to the box.
13 1 Work Work and Energy Energy is always transferred from the object that is doing the work to the object on which the work is done.
14 1 Work Calculating Work The amount of work done depends on the amount of force exerted and the distance over which the force is applied. When a force is exerted and an object moves in the direction of the force, the amount of work done can be calculated as follows:
15 1 Work Calculating Work In this equation, force is measured in newtons and distance is measured in meters. Work, like energy, is measured in joules. One joule is about the amount of work required to lift a baseball a vertical distance of 0.7 m.
16 1 Work When is work done? Suppose you give a book a push and it slides along a table for a distance of 1 m before it comes to a stop. Even though the book moved 1 m, you do work on the book only while your hand is in contact with it.
17 1 Power Work Suppose you and another student are pushing boxes of books up a ramp and load them into a truck. To make the job more fun, you make a game of it, racing to see who can push a box up the ramp faster.
18 1 Power Work Power is the amount of work done in one second. It is a rate the rate at which work is done.
19 1 Work Calculating Power To calculate power, divide the work done by the time that is required to do the work. The SI unit for power is the watt (W). One watt equals one joule of work done in one second.
20 1 Work Calculating Power Because the watt is a small unit, power often is expressed in kilowatts. One kilowatt (kw) equals 1,000 W.
21 1 Work Power and Energy Just as power is the rate at which work is done, power is also the rate at which energy is transferred. When energy is transferred, the power involved can be calculated by dividing the energy transferred by the time needed for the transfer to occur.
22 1 Question 1 Section Check is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move. A. Conversion B. Energization C. Power D. Work
23 1 Answer Section Check The answer is D. In order for work to be done, the applied force must make the object move in the same direction as the applied force.
24 1 Question 2 Section Check The amount of work done depends on what two things? Answer The amount of work done depends on the amount of force exerted and the distance over which the force is applied.
25 1 Question 3 Section Check Which of the following equations can be used to calculate power? A. W = F/d B. P =Wt C. t = W/P D. P = t/w
26 1 Answer Section Check The answer is C. This is a rearrangement of the equation for calculating power, P = W/t.
27 2 Using Machines What is a machine? A machine is a device that makes doing work easier. Machines can be simple. Some, like knives, scissors, and doorknobs, are used everyday to make doing work easier.
28 2 Using Machines Making Work Easier Machines can make work easier by increasing the force that can be applied to an object. A second way that machines can make work easier is by increasing the distance over which a force can be applied. Machines can also make work easier by changing the direction of an applied force.
29 2 Using Machines Increasing Force A car jack is an example of a machine that increases an applied force. The upward force exerted by the jack is greater than the downward force you exert on the handle.
30 2 Using Machines Increasing Force However, the distance you push the handle downward is greater than the distance the car is pushed upward. The jack increases the applied force, but doesn t increase the work done.
31 2 Using Machines Force and Distance The work done in lifting an object depends on the change in height of the object. The same amount of work is done whether the mover pushed the furniture up the long ramp or lifts it straight up. If work stays the same and the distance is increased, then less force will be needed to do the work.
32 2 Using Machines Changing Direction Some machines change the direction of the force you apply. The wedge-shaped blade of an ax is one example.
33 2 Using Machines The Work Done by Machines When you use an ax to split wood, you exert a downward force as you swing the ax toward the wood. The blade changes the downward force into a horizontal force that splits the wood apart.
34 2 Using Machines The Work Done by Machines When you use a machine such as a crowbar, you are trying to move something that resists being moved. If you use a crowbar to pry the lid off a crate, you are working against the friction between the nails in the lid and the crate.
35 2 Using Machines The Work Done by Machines You also could use a crowbar to move a large rock. In this case, you would be working against gravity the weight of the rock.
36 2 Using Machines Input and Output Forces Two forces are involved when a machine is used to do work. The force that is applied to the machine is called the input force. F in stands for the effort force. The force applied by the machine is called the output force, symbolized by F out.
37 2 Using Machines Input and Output Forces Two kinds of work need to be considered when you use a machine the work done by you on the machine and the work done by the machine. The work done by you on a machine is called the input work and is symbolized by W in. The work done by the machine is called the output work and is abbreviated W out.
38 2 Using Machines Conserving Energy When you do work on the machine, you transfer energy to the machine. When the machine does work on an object, energy is transferred from the machine to the object.
39 2 Using Machines Conserving Energy The amount of energy the machine transfers to the object cannot be greater than the amount of energy you transfer to the machine. A machine cannot create energy, so W out is never greater than W in.
40 2 Using Machines Conserving Energy When a machine is used, some of the energy transferred changes to heat due to friction. The energy that changes to heat cannot be used to do work, so W out is always smaller than W in.
41 2 Using Machines Ideal Machines Suppose a perfect machine could be built in which there was no friction. None of the input work or output work would be converted to heat. For such an ideal machine, the input work equals the output work.
42 2 Using Machines Ideal Machines Suppose the ideal machine increases the force applied to it. This means that the output force, F out, is greater than the input force, F in. Recall that work is equal to force times distance.
43 2 Using Machines Ideal Machines If F out is greater than F in, then W in and W out can be equal only if the input force is applied over a greater distance than the output force is exerted over.
44 2 Using Machines Mechanical Advantage The ratio of the output force to the input force is the mechanical advantage of a machine. The mechanical advantage of a machine can be calculated from the following equation:
45 2 Using Machines Mechanical Advantage Window blinds are a machine that changes the direction of an input force. A downward pull on the cord is changed to an upward force on the blinds.
46 2 Using Machines Mechanical Advantage The input and output forces are equal, so the MA is 1.
47 2 Using Machines Ideal Mechanical Advantage The mechanical advantage of a machine without friction is called the ideal mechanical advantage, or IMA. The IMA can be calculated by dividing the input distance by the output distance.
48 2 Efficiency Using Machines Efficiency is a measure of how much of the work put into a machine is changed into useful output work by the machine. A machine with high efficiency produces less heat from friction so more of the input work is changed to useful output work.
49 2 Using Machines Calculating Efficiency To calculate the efficiency of a machine, the output work is divided by the input work. Efficiency is usually expressed as a percentage by this equation:
50 2 Using Machines Calculating Efficiency In an ideal machine there is no friction and the output work equals the input work. So the efficiency of an ideal machine is 100 percent. The efficiency of a real machine is always less than 100 percent.
51 2 Using Machines Increasing Efficiency Machines can be made more efficient by reducing friction. This usually is done by adding a lubricant, such as oil or grease, to surfaces that rub together. A lubricant fills in the gaps between the surfaces, enabling the surfaces to slide past each other more easily.
52 2 Question 1 Section Check What do a knife, a doorknob, and a car jack have in common? Answer These are all machines, because they are devices that make doing work easier.
53 2 Question 2 Section Check When a machine is used to do work, the force that is applied to the machine is the. A. fulcrum B. input force C. mechanical advantage D. output force
54 2 Answer Section Check The answer is B. The input force is applied to the machine.
55 2 Question 3 Section Check What is the effect of increasing a machine s efficiency? Answer Increasing efficiency increases the amount of input energy converted to useful output.
56 3 Simple Machines Types of Simple Machines A simple machine is a machine that does work with only one movement of the machine. There are six types of simple machines: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, screw and wedge.
57 3 Levers Simple Machines A lever is a bar that is free to pivot or turn around a fixed point. The fixed point the lever pivots on is called the fulcrum.
58 3 Levers Simple Machines The input arm of the lever is the distance from the fulcrum to the point where the input force is applied. The output arm is the distance from the fulcrum to the point where the output force is exerted by the lever.
59 3 Levers Simple Machines The output force produced by a lever depends on the lengths of the input arm and the output arm. If the output arm is longer than the input arm, the law of conservation of energy requires that the output force be less than the input force.
60 3 Levers Simple Machines If the output arm is shorter than the input arm, then the output force is greater than the input force. There are three classes of levers.
61 3 Simple Machines Ideal Mechanical Advantage of a Lever The ideal mechanical advantage, or IMA, can be calculated for any machine by dividing the input distance by the output distance. For a lever, the input distance is the length of the input arm and the output distance is the length of the output arm.
62 3 Simple Machines Ideal Mechanical Advantage of a Lever The IMA of a lever can be calculated from this equation:
63 3 Pulleys Simple Machines A pulley is a grooved wheel with a rope, chain, or cable running along the groove. A fixed pulley is a modified first-class lever. The axle of the pulley acts as the fulcrum.
64 3 Pulleys Simple Machines The two sides of the pulley are the input arm and output arm. A pulley can change the direction of the input force or increase input force, depending on whether the pulley is fixed or moveable.
65 3 Fixed Pulleys Simple Machines A fixed pulley is attached to something that doesn t move, such as a ceiling or wall. Because a fixed pulley changes only the direction of force, the IMA is 1.
66 3 Simple Machines Movable Pulleys A pulley in which one end of the rope is fixed and the wheel is free to move is called a movable pulley. Unlike a fixed pulley, a movable pulley does multiply force.
67 3 Simple Machines Movable Pulleys With a movable pulley, the attached side of the rope supports half of the 4-N weight. You have to apply a 2-N force to lift the weight.
68 3 Simple Machines Movable Pulleys The output force exerted on the weight is 4 N, and the applied input force is 2 N. Therefore the IMA of the movable pulley is 2.
69 3 Simple Machines Movable Pulleys For a fixed pulley, the distance you pull the rope downward equals the distance the weight moves upward. For a movable pulley, the distance you pull the rope upward is twice the distance the weight moves upward.
70 3 Simple Machines The Block and Tackle A system of pulleys consisting of fixed and movable pulleys is called a block and tackle. The IMA of a pulley system is equal to the number of rope segments that support the weight.
71 3 Simple Machines The Block and Tackle The block and tackle shown has a IMA of 4.
72 3 Simple Machines Wheel and Axle A wheel and axle is a simple machine consisting of a shaft or axle attached to the center of a larger wheel, so that the wheel and axle rotate together.
73 3 Simple Machines Wheel and Axle Doorknobs, screwdrivers, and faucet handles are examples of wheel and axles. Usually the input force is applied to the wheel, and the output force is exerted by the axle.
74 3 Simple Machines Mechanical Advantage of the Wheel and Axle A wheel and axle is another modified lever. The center of the axle is the fulcrum. The input force is applied at the rim of the wheel. So the length of the input arm is the radius of the wheel.
75 3 Simple Machines Mechanical Advantage of the Wheel and Axle The output force is exerted at the rim of the axle. So the length of the output arm is the radius of the axle. The IMA of a wheel and axle is given by this equation:
76 3 Gears Simple Machines A gear is a wheel and axle with the wheel having teeth around its rim. When two gears of different sizes are interlocked, they rotate at different rates. Each rotation of the larger gear causes the smaller gear to make more than one rotation.
77 3 Gears Simple Machines If the input force is applied to the larger gear, the output force exerted by the smaller gear is less than the input force. Gears also may change the direction of the force. When the larger gear is rotated clockwise, the smaller gear rotates counterclockwise.
78 3 Simple Machines Inclined Planes A sloping surface, such as a ramp that reduces the amount of force required to do work, is an inclined plane.
79 3 Simple Machines Mechanical Advantage of an Inclined Plane By pushing a box up an inclined plane, the input force is exerted over a longer distance compared to lifting the box straight up. The IMA of an inclined plane can be calculated from this equation.
80 3 Simple Machines Mechanical Advantage of an Inclined Plane The IMA of an inclined plane for a given height is increased by making the plane longer.
81 3 The Screw Simple Machines A screw is an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post. You apply the input force by turning the screw. The output force is exerted along the threads of the screw.
82 3 The Screw Simple Machines The IMA of a screw is related to the spacing of the threads. The IMA is larger if the threads are closer together. However, if the IMA is larger, more turns of the screw are needed to drive it into some material.
83 3 The Wedge Simple Machines The wedge is also a simple machine where the inclined plane moves through an object or material. A wedge is an inclined plane with one or two sloping sides. It changes the direction of the input force.
84 3 Simple Machines Compound Machines Two or more simple machines that operate together form a compound machine. A car is a compound machine. Burning fuel in the cylinders of the engine causes the pistons to move up and down.
85 3 Simple Machines Compound Machines This up-and-down motion makes the crankshaft rotate.
86 3 Simple Machines Compound Machines The force exerted by the rotating crankshaft is transmitted to the wheels through other parts of the car, such as the transmission and the differential. Both of these parts contain gears, that can change the rate at which the wheels rotate, the force exerted by the wheels, and even reverse the direction of rotation.
87 3 Question 1 Section Check What is the difference between a first-class lever and a second-class lever?
88 3 Answer Section Check In a first-class lever the fulcrum is between the input and output forces; in a second-class lever, the output force is between the input force and the fulcrum.
89 3 Question 2 Section Check Which is a third-class lever? A. baseball bat B. pulley C. screwdriver D. wheelbarrow
90 3 Answer Section Check The answer is A. The output force exerted by a third-class lever is less than the input force, but the distance over which the output force is applied is increased.
91 3 Question 3 Section Check A fixed pulley changes only.
92 3 Answer Section Check A fixed pulley changes only the direction of force, and the IMA is 1.
93 Help To advance to the next item or next page click on any of the following keys: mouse, space bar, enter, down or forward arrow. Click on this icon to return to the table of contents. Click on this icon to return to the previous slide. Click on this icon to move to the next slide. Click on this icon to open the resources file. Click on this icon to go to the end of the presentation.
94 End of Chapter Summary File
Work, Power, & Machines
Work, Power, & Machines 1 What is work? To many people, the word work means something they do to earn money. The word work also means exerting a force with your muscles. 1 What is work? Someone might say
More informationSection 1: Work and Power. Section 2: Using Machines. Section 3: Simple Machines
Table of Contents Chapter: Work and Simple Machines Section 1: Work and Power Section 2: Using Machines Section 3: Simple Machines 1 Work and Power What is work? Work is done when a force causes an object
More informationWork & Simple Machines. Chapter 4
Work & Simple Machines Chapter 4 Work & Power Section 1 Work Work - occurs when a force causes an object to move in the same direction that the force is applied. Work involves motion, not just effort.
More informationCheck out Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Name: Mr. Willis Conceptual Physics: Date: Unit IV Work, Power, and Machines Need extra help? Check out http://www.bayhicoach.com Unit IV Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that
More informationWork, Power, & Machines
Work, Power, & Machines What is work? The product of the force applied to an object and the distance through which that force is applied. Is work being done or not? Mowing the lawn Weight-lifting Moving
More informationSimple Machines. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege
F Simple Machines Simple Machines Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Simple machines are devices that can be used to multiply or augment a force that we apply often at the expense of a distance through which we apply
More informationWork, Power and Machines
CHAPTER 13.1 & 13.2 Work, Power and Machines Section one: Work, Power, and Machines Objective one: Calculate Work Objective Two: Differentiate Work and Power Objective Three: Discover that machines make
More informationCHAPTER 5. Work, Power and Machines
CHAPTER 5 Work, Power and Machines Section one: Work, Power, and Machines Objective one: Calculate Work Objective Two: Differentiate Work and Power Objective Three: Discover that machines make work easier
More informationChapter 8 Study Questions
Chapter 8 Study Questions Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Work is being done when a. you apply a force to an object. b. an
More information5.1 Work. 5.2 Using Machines. 5.3 Simple Machines. Work with Me. BIG Idea. Science Journal
SPS7. Students will relate transformations and flow of energy within a system. SPS8. Students will determine relationships among force, mass, and motion. Also covers: SCSh1, 3, 4, 9 BIG Idea Machines make
More informationChapter 15 Work, Power & Simple Machines
Chapter 15 Work, Power & Simple Machines Essential Questions: I. What is Work? (In Physics Terms!) II. What is Power? (In Physics Terms!) III. How do machines make work easier and how efficient are they?
More informationproduce sugar, which contains stored chemical energy. Most of the energy that we use on Earth originally came from the Sun.
Conservation of Energy Energy can be in many different forms. Students should know sources and properties of the following forms of energy: Heat energy is the transfer of thermal energy (energy that is
More informationDate Period Name. Energy, Work, and Simple Machines Vocabulary Review
Date Period Name CHAPTER 10 Study Guide Energy, Work, and Simple Machines Vocabulary Review Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once. compound machine joule resistance
More informationWork, Power and Simple Machines. Chapter 4 Physical Science
Work, Power and Simple Machines Chapter 4 Physical Science Work, Power and Simple Machines Machines make jobs easier by increasing the applied force on an object. The trade-off is that this also requires
More informationLesson 1: How can you describe motion?
Lesson 1 Summary Use with pp. 407 409 Lesson 1: How can you describe motion? Vocabulary velocity the speed and direction of an object s motion Types of Motion Motion is movement. When you see something
More informationWORK, ENERGY, AND MACHINES
WORK, ENERGY, AND MACHINES Vocabulary Review Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once. compound machine joule resistance force efficiency kinetic energy translational kinetic
More informationacceleration weight load
Instructions for Vocabulary Cards: Please photocopy the following pages onto heavy card stock (back to back, so the word is printed on the back side of the matching definition). Then, laminate each page.
More informationHow Do Objects Move? Describing Motion. Different Kinds of Motion
How Do Objects Move? Describing Motion Different Kinds of Motion Motion is everywhere. The planets are in motion around the Sun. Cars are in motion as they are driven down the street. There s even motion
More informationChapter 09 Multiple Choice Test
Class: Date: Chapter 09 Multiple Choice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A simple machine can multiply: a. forces only. b. energy only.
More informationUnit 1 Lesson 1.1 Mechanisms. Simple Machines. The Six Simple Machines. The Six Simple Machines. Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Mechanisms Simple Machines Lever, Wheel and Axle, and Pulley 2012 Simple Machines Mechanisms that manipulate magnitude of force and distance. The Six Simple Machines Lever Wheel and Axle Pulley The Six
More informationThe student will learn about the main purposes and the basic components of all machines. SIMPLE MACHINES. SPH4C Findlay
The student will learn about the main purposes and the basic components of all machines. SIMPLE MACHINES SPH4C Findlay What do you think of when you hear the word machine? Simple Machines Machines created
More informationUnit 10: Work and Energy. * When the object moves, it must move in the same direction as the force for there to be work.
Work: Occurs as a force is applied over a distance. Ex: *It is a vector. (Has a number and direction) Unit 10: Work and Energy *If there is no movement, there is no work on that object. * When the object
More information7.P Simple Machines Study Guide Multiple Choice: Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
7.P.2.4 - Simple Machines Study Guide Multiple Choice: Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. For work to be done on an object, a. some force need
More informationChapter 12 - Work and Energy. Section 1 - Work, Power, and Machines
Chapter 12 - Work and Energy Section 1 - Work, Power, and Machines 1 Imagine trying to lift a car without a jack You might be exerting a lot of force, but not moving the It would feel like you have done
More informationBroughton High School
1 Physical Science Vocabulary Vocabulary for Chapter 5 - Work and Machines No.# Term Page # Definition 2 1. Compound Machine 2. Efficiency 3. Inclined Plane 4. Input force 5. Lever 6. Machine 7. Mechanical
More informationMechanical Advantage & Simple Machines. Physics 5 th Six Weeks
Mechanical Advantage & Simple Machines Physics 5 th Six Weeks And now, for an appetizer: Bill Nye and using Mechanical Advantage Mechanical Advantage A machine is something that makes doing work easier
More informationA machine* is a device that makes work easier, changes the direction of the work, or changes the speed of the work
Simple Machines A machine* is a device that makes work easier, changes the direction of the work, or changes the speed of the work A simple machine works with only one movement There are six simple machines
More informationScience 9 Physics CHAPTER 13: WORK AND ENERGY MR. MILLER
Science 9 Physics CHAPTER 13: WORK AND ENERGY MR. MILLER WORK Work: The transfer of energy to an object by the application of a force that causes the object to move in the direction of the force. WORK
More informationMechanisms Simple Machines. Lever, Wheel and Axle, & Pulley
Mechanisms Simple Machines Lever, Wheel and Axle, & Pulley Simple Machines Mechanisms that manipulate magnitude of force and distance. The Six Simple Machines Lever Wheel and Axle Pulley The Six Simple
More informationSection 1: Work, Power, and Machines. Preview Key Ideas Bellringer What Is Work? Math Skills Power Machines and Mechanical Advantage
Section 1 Section 1: Work, Power, and Machines Preview Key Ideas Bellringer What Is Work? Math Skills Power Machines and Mechanical Advantage Section 1 Key Ideas How is work calculated? What is the relationship
More informationWork & Energy. Chapter 4 pg
Work & Energy Chapter 4 pg 106-127 Today s Learning Objectives 1) Know the vocabulary of this chapter. 2) What is the two-pronged test to see if something qualifies as work? 3) Solve and calculate problems
More informationis energy in particles of matter. Chemical energy can be released, for example in or, when these particles react to form new substances.
TYPES OF ENERGY Energy can be in many different. Students should know sources and properties of the following forms of energy: is the transfer of energy (energy that is associated with the of the particles
More informationCPO Science Foundations of Physics
CPO Science Foundations of Physics Unit 4, Chapter 10 Chapter 9 Unit 4: Energy and Momentum Chapter 10 Work and Energy 10.1 Machines and Mechanical Advantage 10.3 Energy and Conservation of Energy Chapter
More informationScience Olympiad. Machines. Roger Demos
Science Olympiad Machines. Roger Demos Some Basic Physics Concepts What do Machines do? Do they allow one to do more work? Not really, at best they make completing a task easier. So then what do Machines
More informationPhysics Unit: Force & Motion
Physics Unit: Force & Motion What is physical science? A. Physical science is a field of science that studies matter and energy. B. Physical science has 2 main branches: 1. PHYSICS: the study of how matter
More informationUNIT D: MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
1 UNIT D: MECHANICAL SYSTEMS Science 8 2 Section 2.0 AN UNDERSTANDING OF MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE AND WORK HELPS IN DETERMINING THE EFFICIENCY OF MACHINES. 1 3 MACHINES MAKE WORK EASIER Topic 2.1 4 WHAT WOULD
More information1 Work, Power, and Machines
CHAPTER 13 1 Work, Power, and Machines SECTION Work and Energy KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is work, and how is it measured? How are work and power related? How
More informationLever Lab: First Class Lever
Lever Lab 2 Name: Lever Lab: First Class Lever Objective: To investigate the use of a lever as a simple machine. Materials: Workshop Stand, Lever, Bolt, Hooked Masses Background: A lever is one of the
More informationAnswers. Forces. Year 7 Science Chapter 8
Answers Forces Year 7 Science Chapter 8 p173 1 Steering a car involves pulling on the steering wheel. A climb in the plane involves a pull from the propellor and a pull from gravity on the plane. A horse
More informationCHAPTER 4 TEST REVIEW
CHAPTER 4 TEST REVIEW Work = Force x Distance 1. Work is measured in. a. Newtons b. Joules c. Centimeters d. Grams 2. Sir Isaac Newton is famous for discovering the. a. Laws of motion b. Laws of work c.
More information2.1 Introduction to Simple Machines
2.1 Introduction to Simple Machines 2.1 Introduction to Simple Machines Simple Machines Unit DO NOT WRITE ANYWHERE IN THIS PACKAGE One of the few properties that separate us from animals is our ability
More informationPhysics Unit: Force & Motion
Physics Unit: Force & Motion What is physical science? A. Physical science is a field of science that studies matter and energy. B. Physical science has 2 main branches: 1. PHYSICS: the study of how matter
More information9 Energy. Ch 9 Energy. Be able to explain and calculate the work in and out of a machine. Identify and label three types of levers.
Ch 9 Energy Be able to explain and calculate the work in and out of a machine. Identify and label three types of levers. 9.1 Work Work is the product of the force on an object and the distance through
More informationl Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an
Motion and Machine Unit Notes DO NOT LOSE! Name: Energy Ability to do work To cause something to change move or directions Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but transferred from one form to another.
More informationWhat Will You Learn From This Module?
What Is This Module About? Imagine what life would be like without the various means of transportation at present. How would you reach far places then? Look at what you are wearing. How is cloth made into
More informationSection 1 Work, Power, and Machines
Chapter 12 Work and Energy Section 1 Work, Power, and Machines Section 2 Simple Machines Section 3 What is Energy? Section 4 Conservation of Energy Skills Experiment Design SI Units and SI unit conversions
More informationPre and Post-Visit Activities
Pre and Post-Visit Activities Simple Machines Table of Contents: Important Information: 2 Vocabulary: 3 Pre-Visit Activities: 4 Post-Visit Activities: 5 Vocabulary Word Search: 6 2 Important Information
More informationPHY 126 Lecture Notes Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Simple Machines OBJECTIVES Define a machine Examine energy transfer in machine to determine Mechanical Advantage and Energy Efficiency KEY WORDS: Simple and complex machines, Effort and resistance
More informationUnit 2: Energy THERMAL ENERGY HEAT TRANSFER POTENTIAL VS. KINETIC ENERGY WORK POWER SIMPLE MACHINES
Unit 2: Energy THERMAL ENERGY HEAT TRANSFER POTENTIAL VS. KINETIC ENERGY WORK POWER SIMPLE MACHINES Bellringer Day 01 1. What is energy? 2. There are different forms of energy. Name two. What is Energy?
More informationPhysical Science midterm study guide. Chapter 1 and 2
Physical Science midterm study guide Chapter 1 and 2 1. Explain the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory a. Laws generalize observations b. Theories explain observations 2. Select
More informationName Date Class. This section describes the six kinds of simple machines. It also explains how to calculate the advantage of using simple machines.
Simple Machines This section describes the six kinds of simple machines. It also explains how to calculate the advantage of using simple machines. Use Target Reading Skills Before you read the section,
More informationW = Fd. KE = 1 2 mv2
Ch 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines work: moving an object in the direction of the force exerted upon it (Joules) work W = Fd force (Newtons) (meters) distance object is displaced in the direction of
More informationSKYRIDE: SOARING TO NEW HEIGHTS. Pre-Trip Information
SKYRIDE: SOARING TO NEW HEIGHTS Pre-Trip Information Soaring to New Heights is the perfect place to introduce your students to forces, motion, and simple machines with a fun circus theme! There will be
More informationChapter: Newton s Laws of Motion
Table of Contents Chapter: Newton s Laws of Motion Section 1: Motion Section 2: Newton s First Law Section 3: Newton s Second Law Section 4: Newton s Third Law 1 Motion What is motion? Distance and Displacement
More informationSPH 4C Unit 2 Mechanical Systems
SPH 4C Unit 2 Mechanical Systems Forces and Free Body Diagrams Learning Goal: I can consistently identify and draw Free Body Diagrams for given real world situations. There are 4 fundamental forces Gravity
More informationWork and Simple Machines
Work Work and Simple Machines Simple Machines Mechanical Advantage Calculating MA Misc. 200 200 200 200 200 400 400 400 400 400 600 600 600 600 600 800 800 800 800 800 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 FINAL JEOPARDY
More informationEDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA FURTHER MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS UNIT 11 - NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - LIFTING MACHINES
EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA FURTHER MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS UNIT 11 - NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - LIFTING MACHINES CONTENT Be able to determine the operating characteristics of lifting
More informationMotion. Definition a change of position
Potential energy Definition stored energy an object has because of its position Characteristics the higher up an object is, the greater its potential energy Example book sitting on the desk Kinetic energy
More informationWork and Energy Chapter 4 and 5
Section 1 Work and Energy Chapter 4 and 5 Motion Read Chapter 4 pages 100 121 and Chapter 5 pages: 126-153 Objectives: - Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy; calculate kinetic energy, describe
More informationLecture Outline. Chapter 7: Energy Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Energy This lecture will help you understand: Energy Work Power Mechanical Energy: Potential and Kinetic Work-Energy Theorem Conservation of Energy Machines Efficiency Recycled
More informationLecture Outline. Chapter 7: Energy Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Energy This lecture will help you understand: Energy Work Power Mechanical Energy: Potential and Kinetic Work-Energy Theorem Conservation of Energy Machines Efficiency Recycled
More informationgear gravity heat inclined plane
Equal and opposite forces which occur in pairs Upward force acting on objects when they are placed in water Substance which allows electric current to pass through it Force applied at one point of a machine
More informationChapter 3 Machines EXERCISE- 3 (A)
EXERCISE- 3 (A) Question 1: What do you understand by a simple machine? Solution 1: A machine is a device by which we can either overcome a large resistive force at some point by applying a small force
More informationWork. Objectives. Assessment. Assessment. Equations. Physics terms 6/3/14. Define the joule in terms of force and distance.
Objectives Define the joule in terms of force and. State the connection between work and energy. Apply the work equation to calculate work, force, or. 1. How is the joule composed of the units for force
More informationConcepts of Physics. Wednesday, October 14th
1206 - Concepts of Physics Wednesday, October 14th Demonstrations he spinning chair, etc. hank you Mark! Remember the ice skater example? An ice skater is spinning with both arms and a leg outstretched
More informationa. Change of object s motion is related to both force and how long the force acts.
0. Concept of Energy 1. Work. Power a. Energy is the most central concept underlying all sciences. Concept of energy is unknown to Isaac Newton. Its existence was still debated in the 1850s. Concept of
More informationFORCES AND MOTION UNIT TEST. Multiple Choice: Draw a Circle Completely around the ONE BEST answer.
Name: Date: Period: FORCES AND MOTION UNIT TEST Multiple Choice: Draw a Circle Completely around the ONE BEST answer. 1. A force acting on an object does no work if a. a machine is used to move the object.
More informationSimple Machines. Changes effort, displacement or direction and magnitude of a load 6 simple machines. Mechanical Advantage
Simple Machine Simple Machines Changes effort, displacement or direction and magnitude of a load 6 simple machines Lever Incline plane Wedge Screw Pulley Wheel and Axle Mechanical Advantage Ideal: IMA
More information1. List the six simple machines and give three examples (8:3)
Unit 3 Study Guide Name 2017 Key Section 1. ist the six simple machines and give three examples (8:3) Machine xample 1 xample 2 xample 3 1. Pulley lag Pole Curtains Crane 2. Wheel and Axle Steering Wheel
More informationChapter 1: The Prime Movers
What is force? Chapter 1: The Prime Movers Force is a push or pull. It is a vector, meaning that it has a magnitude and direction. A vector is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction
More informationISN X: WORK, POWER, MACHINES
name: per ISN X: WORK, POWER, MACHINES page # Item Check-in Point Value 1-2 Table of Contents/Things 2 Know no check for this --------------------- text Reading & Text Questions on 67-73 * 2 3 Eureka Work
More informationUnit D: Mechanical Systems. Lesson 2: Work, Force and Efficiency
Unit D: Mechanical Systems Lesson 2: Work, Force and Efficiency Outcomes identify work input and work output in joules for a simple machine or mechanical system (e.g., use a device to lift a measured mass
More informationSection 1: Measuring Motion. Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Observing Motion Speed and Velocity Calculating Speed Math Skills Graphing Motion
Section 1 Section 1: Measuring Motion Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Observing Motion Speed and Velocity Calculating Speed Math Skills Graphing Motion Section 1 Key Ideas How is a frame of reference used
More informationChapter 9 Conceptual Physics Study Guide
Name : Date: Period: Chapter 9 Conceptual Physics Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. In physics, work is defined as a. force times
More informationNature s Forces Simple Machines Student Activity Book
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE PROGRAM MATH, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A Collection of Learning Experiences NATURES FORCES SIMPLE MACHINES Nature s Forces Simple Machines Student Activity Book Name This learning
More informationSimple machines and the lever
Simple machines and the lever Objectives Define mechanical advantage. Calculate and demonstrate the mechanical advantage of a lever. Draw a free-body diagram of a simple machine. 1. What is mechanical
More informationPlease read this introductory material carefully; it covers topics you might not yet have seen in class.
b Lab Physics 211 Lab 10 Torque What You Need To Know: Please read this introductory material carefully; it covers topics you might not yet have seen in class. F (a) (b) FIGURE 1 Forces acting on an object
More informationChapter 10-Work, Energy & Power
DULLES HIGH SCHOOL Chapter 10-Work, Energy & Power Energy Transformations Judy Matney 1/12/2016 In this chapter, we will study the concepts of force and work; we will understand the transformations of
More informationForces and Newton s Laws Notes
Forces and Newton s Laws Notes Force An action exerted on an object which can change the motion of the object. The SI unit for force is the Newton (N) o N = (kg m)/s 2 o Pound is also a measure of force
More informationChapter: The Laws of Motion
Table of Contents Chapter: The Laws of Motion Section 1: Newton s Second Law Section 2: Gravity Section 3: The Third Law of Motion 1 Newton s Second Law Force, Mass, and Acceleration Newton s first law
More informationUnit 6. Forces and motion
Unit 6. Forces and motion Index 1. What is a force?...2 2. Forces and flexible objects. Hooke's law...2 3. Forces and changes in velocity...3 4. Simple machines...10 5. Types of forces...12 Practice exam...14
More informationtransfer of heat energy by conduction, convection, and radiation Doppler effect static electricity
Energy, Force, and Motion identifying energy transformations; Identifying and analyzing the transfer of heat energy by conduction, convection, and radiation interpreting a phase diagram; describing and
More informationForce and Motion Test 2 Review
Force and Motion Test 2 Review Name: S8P5a. Investigate and explain that electric currents and magnets can exert force on each other. 1. What happens to a compass needle when it is placed next to a wire
More informationToday. Finish Ch. 6 on Momentum Start Ch. 7 on Energy
Today Finish Ch. 6 on Momentum Start Ch. 7 on Energy Next three lectures (Sep 16, 20, 23) : Energy (Ch7) and Rotation (Ch.8) will be taught by Dr. Yonatan Abranyos, as I will be away at a research conference
More information2016 Junior Lesson One
2016 Junior Lesson One To complete this lesson make sure you answer all the questions in bold and do one of the projects at the end of the lesson. Parts marked ADVANCED are for the curious. This year we
More informationWelcome. I will be using your LBCC to communicate with you about the class.
Welcome David Ruiz I will be using your LBCC email to communicate with you about the class. I will NEVER send scores/grades to your email address unless you ask me to do so. Syllabus Read over carefully
More informationENGR 1100 Introduction to Mechanical Engineering
ENGR 1100 Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Mech. Engineering Objectives Newton s Laws of Motion Free Body Diagram Transmissibility Forces and Moments as vectors Parallel Vectors (addition/subtraction)
More informationTable of Contents. Chapter: Energy. Section 1: The Nature of Energy. Section 2: Conservation of Energy
Table of Contents Chapter: Energy Section 1: The Nature of Energy Section 2: 1 The Nature of Energy What is energy? Wherever you are sitting as you read this, changes are taking place lightbulbs are heating
More informationChapter: Motion, Acceleration, and Forces
Chapter 3 Table of Contents Chapter: Motion, Acceleration, and Forces Section 1: Describing Motion Section 2: Acceleration Section 3: Motion and Forces 1 Motion Describing Motion Distance and time are
More informationCenter of Mass. A baseball thrown into the air follows a smooth parabolic path. A baseball bat thrown into the air does not follow a smooth path.
Center of Mass A baseball thrown into the air follows a smooth parabolic path. A baseball bat thrown into the air does not follow a smooth path. The bat wobbles about a special point. This point stays
More information9/27/12. Chapter: Motion, Acceleration, and Forces. Motion and Position. Motion. Distance. Relative Motion
9/7/ Table of Contents Chapter: Motion,, and Forces Section : Chapter Section : Section : Motion Distance and time are important. In order to win a race, you must cover the distance in the shortest amount
More informationChapter 6 Energy and Oscillations
Chapter 6 Energy and Oscillations Conservation of Energy In this chapter we will discuss one of the most important and fundamental principles in the universe. Energy is conserved. This means that in any
More informationObjectives. Power in Translational Systems 298 CHAPTER 6 POWER
Objectives Explain the relationship between power and work. Explain the relationship between power, force, and speed for an object in translational motion. Calculate a device s efficiency in terms of the
More informationEngineering Mechanics. Friction in Action
Engineering Mechanics Friction in Action What is friction? Friction is a retarding force that opposes motion. Friction types: Static friction Kinetic friction Fluid friction Sources of dry friction Dry
More information7 th Grade Science Unit 5 NCFE Review
7 th Grade Science Unit 5 NCFE Review Motion Mo#on: defined as a change in the posi#on of an object results in movement judged rela#ve to a reference point Speed the distance an object covers over #me
More informationUNIT 5: WORK and ENERGY RECORD ALL ANSWERS ON ANSWER SHEET.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE UNIT 5: WORK and ENERGY RECORD ALL ANSWERS ON ANSWER SHEET. name 1. Which of the following processes requires the most work? a. A 10 kg weight rests on a table. b. A person holds a 1 kg
More informationAP Physics I Summer Work
AP Physics I Summer Work 2018 (20 points) Please complete the following set of questions and word problems. Answers will be reviewed in depth during the first week of class followed by an assessment based
More informationName Date P Lesson 4 Forces and Simple Machines
Lesson 4 Forces and Simple Machines OAA Science Lesson 4 40 Lesson 4: Forces and Simple Machines Student s Reference Sheet: 6 Simple Machines: Screw - Swivel Stool - Spiral Stair Case - Inclined Plane
More informationSection 14.1 Work and Power
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Name Class Date Chapter 14 Work, Power, and Machines Section 14.1 Work and Power (pages 412 416) Work and Power Content
More informationPSI AP Physics I Rotational Motion
PSI AP Physics I Rotational Motion Multiple-Choice questions 1. Which of the following is the unit for angular displacement? A. meters B. seconds C. radians D. radians per second 2. An object moves from
More information