Nanomaterials for breakthrough innovations
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1 Nanomaterials for breakthrough innovations G. Fiori Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell Informazione, University of Pisa Via Caruso 16, 56122, Pisa, Italy.
2 Nanomaterials for breakthrough innovations... in electronics... G. Fiori Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell Informazione, University of Pisa Via Caruso 16, 56122, Pisa, Italy.
3 Main building block: the transistor
4 Main building block: the transistor
5 Transistor scaling Aggressive scaling in the last years 22 nm node: Intel Core i7, i5
6 First Transistor Bardeen, Schockley, Brattain (1947)
7 Into the small 22 nm FinFET INTEL
8 Nanometer scale 22 nm FinFET INTEL
9 A long history... Bipolar transistors (1948) Vacuum tube(1907) Integrated circuits (1959)
10 A lot of applications
11 Power Density Issue From:
12 Q: How to keep on producing devices with improved performances?
13 Silicon
14 Visibility hypes/hopes curve Picco delle aspettative Plateu della produttivita. disillusione. Discover of a new technology time
15 Visibility hypes/hopes curve Peak of expectations Plateu della produttivita. disillusione. Discover of a new technology time
16 Visibility hypes/hopes curve Peak of expectations Plateu della produttivita through of disillusionment Discover of a new technology time
17 Visibility hypes/hopes curve Peak of expectations Plateu of productivity through of disillusionment Discover of a new technology time
18 Graphene is an atomic layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice. Image: Jannik Meyer
19 2D Allotrope: N.S. Novoselov 2004 [K.S. Novoselov et al., Science, 306, 5696,2004]. A. K. Geim et al.,nature Materials Vol (March 2007)) K. Novoselovet al.,science 306, 666, K. Novoselovet al., Nature 438, 197, K. Novoselovet al., Nature Physics 2, 177, 2006.
20 The wonder material Large mobility (>10 5 cm 2 /Vsec) Transparent (>90% transparency for a single monolayer) Large thermal conductivity Mechanical properties:
21 Killer Application
22 Transition metal dichalgogenides (TMDCs) Formula: MX 2 M: Transistion metal group IV: Ti, Zr, Hf, group V: V, Nb, Ta, group VI: Mo, W, X: chalgogenide: S, Se, Te Energy gap 1-2 ev Figure credits: Wang et al. Nat Nano vol 7, 699, 2012
23 Layered Materials G. Fiori 2 University of Pisa
24 Liquid Phase Exfoliation
25 Liquid Phase Exfoliation
26 Liquid Phase Exfoliation conducting semi-conducting insulating
27
28 motivations The Development of printing techniques has paved the way towards mass production of books, leading to the democratization of knowledge. Desktop printing (early 80) as a corner stone in the hystory of printing (just-in-time, wide-spread, i.e., offices not typographies) However, so far, this technology has mainly been limited to the printing of documents (books, magazines, etc.), but, what about if, in the ICT era, we managed to extend printing technologies also to fabricate electronic circuits?
29 the vision to cheaper, fully customizable, distributed desktop fabrication from expensive, huge, specialized semiconductor fabs
30 the vision Today Rigid, produced in series, not customizable (designed by somebody else than the user) Tomorrow from Battlestar Galactica spin-off Caprica Flexible, foldable, fully customized, designed and fabricated by the user (and cheaper)
31 ... and on paper Paper is part of our everyday life and can be considered as one of the cheapest substrates. In addition to this, paper is environmentally friendly, because it can be 100% recycled Info on food preservation printed 2D materials anti-counterfeating: 5 EUR banknote prototype under investigation at UNIPI G. Fiori health smart patches University of Pisa
32 motivations Why 2DMs? current inks with limited mechanical (poor bendability, ε < 3%), electrical properties (μ <10 cm 2 /Vs) and stability. 2DMs can be the game changer : extraordinary mechanical (ε < 10%), electrical properties (μ >10 cm 2 /Vs). plethora of materials (i.e., semiconducting, conducting and insulating). Heterostructures. Why now? Recently demonstration [Al. et G. Fiori, C. Casiraghi, Nature Nano., 2017] of water-based bio-compatible 2DMs inks, enabling heterostructure fabrication.
33 the vision beyond state-of-the-art novel FET heterostructures WP2 device and circuit printing ROM memory capacitor [Al. et G. Fiori, C. Casiraghi, Nat. Nano, 2017] 2DM inks CMOS operational amplifier
34 First demo of Full-2D-based Ink-Jet ROM V p 1 V Joint collaboration with University of Manchester (C. Casiraghi) and University of Pisa V out V V V V V V V V B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 R L R L R L R L R L R L R L R L [D. McManus et al. Nat. Nanotechnology, 2017]
35 Proof of concept: 2D-based Inkjet ROM Joint collaboration between University of Manchester (C. Casiraghi) and University of Pisa
36 Fully inkjet graphene-fet on paper Printed on paper. Structure: G contact (Ag) 1. S and D contacts (Ag); 2. Channel (Gr); 3. Dielectric (hbn); 4. G contact (Ag). t hbn S contact (Ag) Dielectric (hbn) Channel (Gr) L D contact (Ag) S contact (Ag) Dielectric (hbn) Schematic cross section D contact (Ag) G contact (Ag) Paper Channel parameters: L 70 μm W 500μm R 10KΩ
37 Strain gauge
38 Strain gauge
39 WASP Project
40 WASP Project
41 WASP Project
42 WASP Project
43 WASP Project
44 Last Remark
45 Acknowledgements ERC-CoG PEP2D (Co. #770047) Graphene Flagship Core 2 (Co. # )
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