CJ l fl ehs¾j. H CJ l f L? L m, BcL m, qm c, m m H nu, B él, B j ll l pjù¹ j e o H cl fc ea Le? Hl LeC h H L mk Nl HL df a?

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "CJ l fl ehs¾j. H CJ l f L? L m, BcL m, qm c, m m H nu, B él, B j ll l pjù¹ j e o H cl fc ea Le? Hl LeC h H L mk Nl HL df a?"

Rolf Daniels
5 years ago
Views:

1 CJ l fl ehs¾j H CJ l f L? L m, BcL m, qm c, m m H nu, B él, B j ll l pjù¹ j e o H cl fc ea Le? Hl LeC h H L mk Nl HL df a? H CJ l f h T a N m f ÕQ aé d jññl BLl é yp b L h T a q hz fª bh l B dfaé CJ l f, CJ l fl jq L¾â f lz f ÕQ aé piéa, l ae a, B m L-Byd l, i m j¾c, pl ml no f lf ø i h HCM e -- HC f l enl az H f l HL jq pj â -- j Z j š² fëh m k bø, Bh l jll L ñ lj A elz HC é yp CJ l fl LjÑ rœz p ¾cl cn -- Q el LaL Awn R s Hje cn Bl L b J ecz e an a o, A a EhÑl, A ahª ø e C, Ae hª øj e C, p ejñm BL n, j W l±â, O pl n i, R V R V f q s, Qe l h yn fëi«a N R, R V R V ec, R V R V fëpëhz -- p S m l f, ÙÛ m j q, h u a E¾jša, BL n Be¾cz fël«a p ¾cl, j e oj p±¾ckñ fëuz Bh mhªüh ea, de, c lâ a cl Ol- c l ra-juc e O p j S, p S u S u R hm e L l l M Rz HL S f e R s H i h Bl L b J e Cz pc C¾âi he A ml f, e¾cel ee EcÉ e, Efhe -- j u Q o l ra -- pl ml j dé HLV l f -- HLV p µr h cmh l Qø Hhw pgmj q u Rz HC é yp fë Q el m q a N mju (Gauls), l jl, é y (Franks) fëi«a S al pwooñi j; HC é y S a l jp jë SÉl he nl fl CJ l f HL dfaé m i Ll m, H cl h cn n mñ j Ue (Charlemagne) CJ l f œ²õq e djñ amu ll c f V Q m u c me, HC é y S a q ac B nu M ä CJ l fl fëq l, a C BSJ CJ l f Bj cl L R é y L, g l, fô y L, g m CaÉ cz piéa l BLl fë Q e NË p X h Nmz l SQœ²haÑ l j hhñl (Barbars) Bœ²jZ-al a m u Nmz CJ l fl B m e h Nm, H c L Bl HL A a hhñls al B nu M ä fë c iñ h qm -- BlhS az jq h N p Blh-al fª bh R C a m N m z jq hm f lpé Bl hl fc ea qm, j pmj e djñ NËqZ Ll a qm, L ¹ a l g m j pmj e djñ Bl HL l f d lz Ll m; p Bl h djñ Bl f l pl piéa p Çj ma qmz Bl hl amju ll p p f lpé piéa R s u fs a m N m, k f lpé piéa fë Q e NË g J i lahoñ q a eju z f hñ f ÕQj c cl q a jq h m j pmj e al CJ l fl Efl BO a Ll m, p p hhñl Aå CJ l f e m L R s u fs a m N m z fë Q e NË L cl hcé h Ü nòf hhñl œ² ¹ Ca m a fë hn Ll m, dl -l Sd e l jl jªa nl l fë eøf¾ce q a m N m -- p Øf¾ce gó l¾p enl a fëhm l f d lz Ll m, fë Q e Ca m ehs h e hy Q EW a m N m, Hl e j l ep y (Renaissance) -- ehs¾jz L ¹ p ehs¾j qm Ca mlz CJ l fl AeÉ eé Aw nl ame fëbj S¾jz p œ²õq e o sn na ë a -- kme BLhl, S q y Nl n S q y fëi«a j Nm pjë V i l a jq hm p jë SÉ a m Re, pc pju CJ l fl S¾j qmz Ca m h s S a, HLh l p s në c u Bh l f n g l ö m z p pju e e L l Z i lahoñj S N E W Rm LR, BLhl q a ae f l ol l S aä hcé h Ü n Òfl Bcl k bø q u Rm, L ¹ A a hªü S a e e L l Z Bh l f n g l ö m z

2 CJ l f Ca ml f esñ¾j N u m N m hmh eú A ieh e ae é y S a az Q l cl q a piéa l d l ph H p gó l¾p enl a HLœ q u e ae l f d lz Ll m; L ¹ Ca m S a a p h kñd l Zl n š² Rm e, i l al j a p E ¾jo IM ec no q u ka, L ¹ CJ l fl p±i NÉ, HC e ae é y S a Bc l p as NËqZ Ll mz eh e lš², eh e S a p al jq p q p e Sl alz i p u c m, p pë al hn œ²jnc h s a m N m, p HL d l q u h s a m N m ; CJ l fl Bl Bl S a m m f q u M m L V p Sm Bfe l cn e u Nm Hhw a a e S cl S he n š² Y m a l hn, a l hù¹ l h s a m N m, i l a H p p al m N m ; S f e p heé u hy Q EWm, p Sm f e L l jš q u EWm; S f e B nu l e ae S az f l J é yp HC f l enl p CJ l f piéa -N l N j Mz H hl V l Sd e j añél Ajl ha, pc e¾c-enl z H i N, H hm p, H Be¾c -- e mä e, e h mñ e, e Bl L b uz mä e, eecu LÑ de B R; h mñ e hcé h Ü k bø, ec p gl p j V, Bl phñ fr ec p gl p j e oz de b L, hcé h Ü b L, fë L«aL p±¾ckñj b L -- j e o L b u? H Aá a gl p Q lœ fë Q e NË L j l S ¾j R ke -- pc Be¾c, pc Evp q, A a RÉ hm Bh l A a N ñl, plm L S E šse, Bh l h d f mc el vp qz L ¹ p el né gl p j M h npz b L e, Bh l S N J Wz HC f l hnä hcé mu CJ l fl BcnÑz c eu l h e pi H cl HL X jl elm; HC f l Kf e hn-p jë SÉl l, plm i o ac k Ü- n Òfl pw HMeJ A dl wn gl p ; H cl lqe l elm plm CJ l f i o u; cnñe h e n Òfl HC f l M e, plm S un u H cl elmz Hl q µr ný l, Bl ph S a ke f s N uyz Hl k L l a 50 hvpl, 25 hvpl f l S jñ e Cw ls fëi«a elm L l, a hcé u q L h n Òf q L, h pj Se a ac q Lz HC gl p piéa úvmé ä m N m, úvl S Cwm äl l S q me, gl p piéa Cwmä L S N u a m m; úvl S ØV u VÑ hw nl pju Cwm ä lu m p p C V fëi«al pª øz Bl HC é yp ü dea l Bh pz fës n š² jq h N HC f l enl q a CJ l f a mf s L l g m R, pc ce q a CJ l fl e ae j añ q u Rz p "HN m a, mh añ, é a eñ a'l (Egalite, Liberte, Fraternite -- p jé, ü dea, ï a«aä) dä e é yp q a Q m N R; é yp BZÉ i h, AeÉ E ŸnÉ Ae plz Ll R, L ¹ CJ l fl AeÉ eé S a HMeJ pc gl p hfôh jlún Ll Rz HLSe úvmé ä c nl fë pü h el f äa Bj u p ce hm me k, f l q µr fª bh l L¾â; k cn k f lj Z HC f l enl l p e S cl k N ÙÛ fe Ll a prj q h, p S a aa f lj Z Eæ a m i Ll hz Lb V LR A al a paé; L ¹ H-Lb V J paé k, k c L l L e e ae i h H SNv L ch l b L a HC f l q µr p fëq ll ÙÛ ez HC f l a k c dä e J W a CJ l f AhnÉC fë adä e Ll hz i úl, QœLl, N C u, eañl -- HC jq enl a fëbj fë aù m i Ll a f l m Bl ph c nc pq SC fë aù quz

3 Bj cl c n HC f l enl l hce jc öe a f Ju k u, H f l jq LckÑ hné f ZÑ elll äz AhnÉ H-Lb Cw lsl C h m b L, Hhw AeÉ c nl k ph m Ll fup B R Hhw S qä fùû R s àa u i N S h e Apñh, a l AhnÉ hm pju S qä f ÙÛl EfLlZju f lc c Mz L ¹ mäe, h mñe, i ue, eeculñj I h lh ea f ZÑ, i Nl E cé Nf ZÑ; a h ag a HC k, AeÉ c nl C ¾âuQQÑ föhv, fé l pl -- pié f ll jum p e l f a j s ; h e n ll f y L m V, Bl ju ll fmjdl e Q k ag a, AeÉ eé nq ll fn QL i N Bl H fé lp- hm pl pc ag az i N- hm pl CµR L eú S a ec h m? ec m c eu u k l c -fup qu, p Aj e f l-enl A ij M R V Le? l S -h cn l Q fp s e j i y s u H hm p- hh añ pà e L l f hœ q a B pe Le? CµR phñ c n, E cé Nl œ² V L b J Lj c M e ; a h Hl p pü q u R, i N Ll a S e, hm pl pç j f±y R Rz a J A dl wn LckÑ e Q-a j p h cn l SeÉz gl p hs p hd e, h S MlQ L l e z HC O l hm p, HC ph q Vm L g, k a HLh l M m phñü ¹ q a qu, H-ph h cn Bq ÇjL de cl SeÉz gl p l hs p pié, Bch-L uc hs u, M al M h L l, fup m ph h l L l eu, Bl j Q L j Q L q pz a R s, Bl HL a j p HC k, B j ll e S jñ e Cw ls fëi«al M m pj S, h cn T y L l ph cm a öe a f uz c -Q l c el Bm fc B j ll e h s a cn ce h p Llh l ej»z L l; S jñ e aâ f; Cw ls HLV hm ðz gl p H ho u hs ag a, f lh ll j dé AaÉ ¹ f l Qa e q m Bl h p Ll a ej»z L l e z L ¹ kme h cn I fël l p hd f u, gl p f lh l cmh l S eh l AhL n f u, ame Bl HL d lz quz h m, jrh S l c M A el h cn k Bj cl S a u Q lœ pð å ja ja fël n L l -- pv Lje Bq Çj L? aj e H f lz A hh qa j u H c n Bj cl c nl j a p l ra, a l pj S fë u jn a f u e z h-l fl a h e Sl ü j l p pj S j n; h-b j u h f cu, Bj cl j a z Bl Hl B j c fëu, L e hs p j SL hé f l eañl l e q m pçf ZÑ qu e z kje Bj cl h f S -- phñœ eañl l BNjez Cw ls Jmh V -j M, AåL l c n h p L l, pc el e¾c, J cl j a H hs AnÔ m, L ¹ b uv l q m Bl c o ecz H-Lb V J h m k, H cl e QV Bj cl Q M AnÔ m h V, a h H cl p u N Rz ew V e Q phñœ, J NË qél j déc euz L ¹ Cw ls B j ll e cm aj R s h e, Bl O l N u N m c aj R s h e z Ù» -pðå BQ l fª bh l phñ c nc HLl f, AbÑ v f l o-j e ol AeÉ Ù» pwp NÑ hs c o qu e, L ¹ Ù» m Ll hm V u j n Lmz a h gl p f l o HLV M m, AeÉ c nl de m Ll kje H pð å hf l u, aj ez Bl CJ l f f l op d lz J- houv Aa c ol i h e z A hh q al J- ho u f ÕQ aé c n hs c ol eu; hlw hcé bñ k hl J- ho u HL ¹ hla b L m A el ÙÛ m a l j -h f c o hq h hqe L l, f R R mv " j ej M ' quz f l ol HL Z f ÕQ aé c n Q C -- p qp; H cl "i QÑ ' (virtue) në Bl Bj cl "h laä' HLC nëz I n ël C aq pl cm, Hl M L f l ol paa h mz j uj e ol f r pa aä AaÉ hnél h Vz

4 H plm Lb hmh l E ŸnÉ HC k, fë aél S al HL-HLV e al S h e ŸnÉ B R, pcm ev q a p S al l ae a hq l Ll a q hz a cl Q M a cl cm a q hz Bj cl Q M H cl cm, Bl H cl Q M Bj cl cm -- H c C i mz Bj cl E ŸnÉ H ho u H cl WL EÒV, Bj cl hëþq l ( hcé bñ ) në Bl L js uaä HLz hcé bñ Bl L j Sv HLC Lb z Bj cl E ŸnÉ j rz hëþqkñ he a Lj e qu, h m? H cl E ŸnÉ i N, hëþq kñl BhnÉL aa e C; a h Ù» m Ll pa aä e n q m R m f m S¾j u e Hhw pjnë S al dæwpz f l o-j e o cn Nä h Ll m aa r a e C, hlw hwnhª Ü M h quz Ù» m Ll HLV R s Bl HLV HLp Q m e -- gm håé aäz L SC plm c n Ù» m Ll Efl h no BNËq, f l ol h s l i Nz "fël«aw k ¹ i a e enëqx Lw L loé az' 1 k L, j Ÿ Hje nql Bl i jä m e Cz f hñl m H nql Rm Bl HLl f, WL Bj cl L n l h P m V m l j a z ByL h yl N m l Ù¹, j T j T c V h s HL-Ll Mm e, cé ml N u f a L, CaÉ cz Hh ll l HN S hn e HLV R V f l e f l a l L l c M u Rz p f l L b u N R, œ² jl hc m R, HL-HLh l ms C- h â q q u R, LaL Awn i P Q lj l q u N R, Bh l f l L l e ae gcñ 2 f l pc ÙÛ e E W Rz hañj e f l A dl wnc a«a u eé f mayl (Napoleon III) a lz a«-eé f may j l L V S m j L l h cn q mez gl p S a pc fëbj hfôh (French Revolution) qju Ah d paa Vmjm; L SC h cn fës cl M n l Mh l SeÉ, Bl f l enl l paa-q m N lh m L cl L S c u M n Llh l SeÉ œ²j Na l Ù¹ O V a lz b uv l fëi«a Ns a m N mez AhnÉ -- f ll pjù¹ f l ae j ¾cl a lz Ù¹ñ fëi«a lcm; l Ù¹ O V ph e ae q u Nmz f l e nql -- fn l f y Qm ph i P h mi ll (boulevards) Ai Écu q a m N m Hhw a q ac nq ll p hñ šj l Ù¹, fª bh a A àa u n y S m S (Champs Elysés) l Ù¹ a l qmz H l Ù¹ Ha hs QJs k, jdém e Hhw c f n c u h N e Q m R Hhw HLÙÛ e A a hªqv N m L l q u c y s u R -- a l e j "fô pú c m LeLcÑ' (Place de la Concorde)z HC "fô pú c m LeL cñ'l Q l c L fë u pj ¹l m é y pl fë aél Sm l HL HL k»l e l j añz a l j dé HL V j añ q µr ØVÊ ph NÑ e jl Sm lz I Sm HMe XCQÚ 3 (S jñ e)-l 1872 p ml ms ul fl q a L s e u Rz L ¹ p c xm é y pl BSJ k u e, p j añ cel a fë a Ÿø g mj m u Y L z k ll jl j m m L BaÈ u-üs el N ll Jfl c u B p, pc llj hªqv j m cel a p j añl Efl LE e LE c u k µrz cõ l Q yc e- Q±L LaL Aw n HC "fô pú c m LeL cñ'l j a HLL m Rm h m h d quz ÙÛ e ÙÛ e SuÙ¹ñ, hsu a lz Bl hl V ele l pwq c i úkñj añz jq h l fëbj eé f mayl Øj ll HL p hªqv d a e jña hsuù¹ñz a l N u eé f mayl pj ul k Ü- hsu A ˆaz Jf l a yl j añz Bl HLÙÛ e 1 N a 3z30 2 g yl 3 Deutsch

5 fë Q e c NÑ h Ù¹m (Bastille) dæw nl Øj ll Qq²z ame l S cl HL dfaé Rm, k L a L kme ame S m f l caz hq l e, LR e, l S HL ýl j m M c ae; a l e j " mvl c LÉ n' (Lettre de Cachet) -- j e, l S-j â La m fz a lfl p hé š² Bl L L l R Le, c o L e cñ o, a l Bl S p -fs ec, H Lh l e u f l m pc h Ù¹ m; pm e b L hs Lu Bl hl a e z l S cl fëz ue l L l Efl QV m l S l L R b L I n mv L l u e u p hé š² L h Ù¹ m W m caz f l kme cnp Ü m L H-ph AaÉ Q l r f EWm, "hé š²na ü d ea ', "ph pj e', " R V hs LR C eu' -- H dæ e EW m, f ll m L E¾jš q u l S l e L Bœ²jZ Ll m, p pju fëb jc H j e ol AaÉ Q ll O l ecnñe h Ù¹m i jp v Ll m, p ÙÛ ev u HL l a d l e QN e B j c Ll mz a lfl l S f m u k µr me, a y L d l gm m, cnp Ü m L "ü d ea p jél' e j j a EWm, é yg fës a» (republic) qm; A is a ha š²l j dé k L dl a f l m a LC j l gm m, LE LE Ef d-v f d R s fës l c m i s Nmz öd a C eu, hm m "c eu p Ü m L, a jl JW, l S -g S AaÉ Q l ph j l gm, ph fës ü dm q L, pl m pj e q L!' ame CJ l fp Ü l S l i u A ÙÛl q u EWm -- H B e f R e S cl c n m N, f R e S cl pwq pe N s u f s k u a C a L eh h l SeÉ hüf lll q u Q l cl b L é yp Bœ²jZ Ll mz H c L fës a»l LaÑ«f rl "m f œ B c y S' -- S¾ji j hf c -- HC O oz L l c m; p O oz B el j a cnju R s u fsmz R mh s, j uj Ÿ "j pñ CH' jq N a (La Marseillaise) N C a N C a, c m c m, S ZÑhpe, p n a enàfc, AaÉÒfæ gl p fës - g±s hl V pjnë CJ l f u Qj l pçj M e qm, hs R V de c lâ -- ph h¾c L O s hl m, "f lœ Z u... he n u Q c L«a jú' 4 hl mz pjnë CJ l f p hn pqé Ll a f l m e z gl p S al A NË peé cl ú å c y s u HL h l -- a yl A m- qm e dl L yf a m N m, a e eé f mayz ü dea, p jé ï a«aä -- h¾c Ll e mj M, amju ll d l CJ l fl A ÙÛj u fë hn L l u c m, ae-lp LL XÑl (Cocarde) Su qmz a lfl, eé y f may é yp jq l SÉ L cªthü p huh Llh l SeÉ h cn q mez a lfl a yl L kñ no qm; R m qm e h m p M-c x Ml p e i NÉmrÈ l S p ge L aé N Ll me, A ØVÊu l h cn l j u h Ll mez S p g el p p p i NÉ glm, l n Su L a N u hl g a yl g±s j l Nmz CJ l f h N f u a y L S l L l pwq pe aé N L l u HLV à f f W u c m, f l e l S l hw nl HLSe L a š² hp mz jl p p à f b L f m u Bh l é y p q Sl qm, é ypp Ü m L Bh l a y L j b u L l e m, l S f m m z L ¹ Acªø i P R, Bl S sm e -- Bh l CJ l fp Ü f s a y L q l u c m, eé f may Cw ls cl HL S q S E W nlz Na q me; Cw lsl a y L " p¾v q me ' e jl c l HLV à f h¾c l M m -- BjlZz Bh l f l e l S Hm, a l i C f l S qmz Bh l é y pl m L r f EWm, l S - g S a s u c m, Bh l fës a» qmz jq h l eé f mayl HL i C f H-pj u œ² j é y pl fë a-f œ q me, œ² j HL ce osk» L l e S L h cn O oz Ll mez a e R me a«a u eé f may; ce LaL a yl M h fëa f qmz L ¹ S jñ e-k Ü q l a yl pwq pe Nm, Bh l é yp fës a» qmz pc Ah d fës a» Q m Rz 4 N a 4z8

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR WEST BENGAL Demand Side Management & Renewable Energy in India: Capacity Building of CSOs -- DREC PROJECT. Ešlc a pðå u LR abé

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR WEST BENGAL Demand Side Management & Renewable Energy in India: Capacity Building of CSOs -- DREC PROJECT. Ešlc a pðå u LR abé Ešlc a pðå u LR abé 1z Ešlc a l e j 2z Sm l e j 3z Ešlc a l WL e J k N k Nl hhle (NË j, b e, hôl, fe L X, j h Cm eðl CaÉ c pçf ZÑ b L A a BhnÉL) WL e g e eðl (STD Code pq) j h Cm eðl C- jm 4z Hm L - 1z