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1 ! #" $%! & ' ( ) ) (, -. / ( 0 1#2 ' ( ) ) (, -3 / 0 4, 5 6/ 6 7, 6 8 9/ 5 :/ 5 A BDC EF G H I EJ KL N G H I OPQ ;=R F L EI E G H A S T U S V@C N G H IDW G Q G XYU Z A [ H R C \ G ] ^ _ ` _ ^ a b=c d e ^ ` _ f g h f i a j k e i l _ ^ m=c n ^ ] ^ _ ` _ ^ a b=c o e f p a q i h f i a j k e i l _ ^ m=c n ^ r a i k s e q=c t e q h f i a j k e i l _ ^ m c n ^ uv#w x y z { x? C}J ~ E I R G H A G H G I G C JI G F G H R DH G \ L ƒ EC R J EL C L G H R J L H I J ~ R JR H G I G \ E R K Q G I EN C G Q M L } H L ƒ G I ~ G I G L G H R J L H IJ R ˆ GDE C J L R \ \ L C JDJ ~ G I G YR C J E \ E C M L H R J E L C EC Q \ G Q ƒ KJ ~ GI J H \ J H G L M#J ~ GN EF G C H L ƒ G %E C I J R C \ G C Q G H\ L C I E Q G H R J EL C= = J Q EG I R H G\ R H H EG Q L JDJ LYR I I G I I J ~ GYH G R J EF G G H M L H R C \ GYL M J ~ G I G H G \ L ƒ EC R J EL C}L G H R J L H IYL C}J ~ GYL C G ~ R C Q A R C Q J LI ~ L ŠJ ~ G~ EN ~G G \ J E F G C G I IDL M L C GL M J ~ G % ~ G CEJDE IDG Œ ƒ G Q Q G Q EC J LR~ K ƒ H E Q N G C G J E\ L \ R =I G R H \ ~R N L H E J ~ %L CYJ ~ G L J ~ G H~ R C Q Ž D D = D Y /, œ / 4,, žÿ ( ,, 6 œ 6, 6 /Y ( 0 /, 6Y 6 D =/ /, œ / 8 ª 5 (Y }«5 5 / 6 1 Ÿ (, 5 6 # 6}, 6 / 6=- 5 ªD 3 Ÿ ( 5 4, œ 6 }4 ž}/ 5 ª / 6} / (, / 4 / 5- / / 5 ± ³² µ = =¹/ 6 / / 6ºª 5 (0 /}»¼ ² ½ ¾ ¹ Š ² ½ ¾ ¹ ³, ( /, / / (, / 4 5 (Y, 6 /, 5 6 ( 0 = /, 6Y 6 Y, /ª 0 6=-, 5 6ŠÀ=¼ ² ½ ¾ ¹ D ª 5 (Y0 /, /, 5 4= /, œ / 4, ª ( 1, / 6/, 6 6 /, ª ž, 6»/ /, œ / 4 5 (, D ª 5 (Y0 /}»Á,, 6Á- 5 6  0 6=-, 6 5 ( / Dª 5 (à ÄDÅ ' Y, ª,, /}- 5 6  0 6=-, 5 6Š5 ª - / 0= ( /- / 0=, /,  0 6=-, 5 65 ª#, ( / Æ 6, Ÿ=/ Ÿ ( 2», D 0 Ÿ Ÿ=5 5 4=, 6 ÄDÅ 'D 3 Ç, 5 (,, 6=/ ž / / / -,, 5 6ºŸ ( / ( / 5}, 6 (, 6 (, 6} È É8 3 Ÿ ( 5 4, ,, 6 œ 6, 6 / 6 /, 6Y 6, - /, œ / 1,0 6 0Y4= (5 ª- / 0=, 6» 3 / 6, / (, / 6 =/ / 6 žÿ ( / -, - / / Ÿ Ÿ, - /, 5 6 Ê. 3 Æ / 6 (, 8 œ - /, , 6=- ž /, 6 6=/ 6=- 2 ª / 0, / 6 5, 2 Ÿ / 6 6, 6 =Ë 0 (, 6 / - / 2 ( /, Ÿ ( 5 } 5 0, 5 6º/ 5 (, =/ Y4= 6 5 Ÿ / 6, Ÿ=5 ( 8 / 6 DŸ ( 5 ( =/ 4= 6/ -, D / 5 (, - / 6 4=,,, 6 5 D5 /, 6 - / ¼ ÌYÍ=Î}ÏÐ Ñ Ò ÑÓ Ð Ô=Í Õ Ö Ò ÎºØ Ù Ë, 6 5 5, 6,, / -,, 5 6Ÿ ( D 5 Ÿ=5 ( ª 0-5 Ÿ / 5 (, / ( Y4 / 5 6} Ë/, 8 Ú 0 6=/ 8.#5 / 6 Ÿ ( ( Û D ž, Ü ( 6, / ž 4 ž 0 6 ( ž, 6 0 (,, - 0= ª 5 ( 4 ( / 6=-, 6 ( 0 ¾ Ý 2 ¾ Þ 3 Ÿ -, œ - - 6, ß / žy ( ž 8 4 ( / à, / - à , 6

2 5 ( ß 0, / 6=-,, 6=/, 5 6/ ( / 5 0= 5 (, 6 ª 5 ( - / 5 (, ¾ 2 =2 ¾ Û Í=Î}ÏÐ Ñ Ò ÑÓ Ð Ô=Í Õ Ö Ò Î Ø Ù# D ž/ ( /, 6 ž 4 / / / ( - º 2 ¾ ½ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ / 6 } 5 0, 5 6=/ ( ž}/ 5 (, Ý 2 2 ¾ =2 2 Þ / à / ¾ D/ 6 6, / àš ¾ ½ D/ ( ª / 5 0= 1 / Ÿ 5 ª=, 6=- 5 Ÿ / 5 (, Æ 6=- 5 Ÿ / 5 (, ( Ÿ ( ª 5 DŸ=5 ( ª 0 #/ Ÿ Ÿ ( 5 / - ª 5 ( œ 6, ª ( ž / ( 3 Á, 6 / 6=- / 6 ª 5 ( 5, 6 Ÿ / ( - / È É8 3 Á, 6 / 6=- Æ 6, Ÿ=/ Ÿ ( 2 / (, 6 (, 6 ž 4 (, 6, / / ( - / Ÿ Ÿ ( 5 / - ª 5 (D3 Š/ 6, 6 Ÿ=/ (, - 0 / (, 6 5 ª=( - 54, 6=/, ( 5 5 ( 5 Ÿ ( / 5 (, 6 ( D56 %( - 54, 6=/, 5 65 Ÿ ( / 5 ( / à, 6, 6 5/ ( /, 6 ( 0-0 ( 5 ª, 6Ÿ ( 5 4, 6 / 6=- 0 6 (- 5 6, ( /, 5 6 #5Š/ Ÿ ( ª 5 ( / 6=- 5 ª ( - 5Y4, 6=/, 5 6Š5 Ÿ ( / 5 ( 2-5 Ÿ=/ (, D5 5 (- ( 5 5 ( 5 Ÿ ( / 5 ( / 5 0= ž - 5Y4, 6 Ü - 5 ª 5 0 (D- ( 5 5 ( 5 Ÿ ( / 5 ( 6Y ž / ( D4=, 6 5/ 6, -D 5 - / / ( - / 5 8 (, 5 1 Ÿ (, 6 / ž =/ 0 - / ž 4 (, / 5 (,, / 4 5YŸ ( 5 0 -, žš- 5 Ÿ,, ( 0-5 Ÿ=/ (, Š5 ( / 5 ª / ( 5 0, 5 6=/ ( ž / 5 (, / /, / à 3 / / 6 6, / à 2 D5Y /, ( Æ , Ÿ ( 6 ž 4 (, 5 0, 5 6=/ ( ž ª ( / D5 ( à ª 5 (3 Ÿ ( 5 Ÿ=5 6/ 6/ 6=/ ž, 5 ª ( - 5Y4, 6=/, 5 65 Ÿ ( / 5 ( / 6 5 ª, 6 ( / - 8, 5 6 4= 6}. 3/ 6 ( - 54, 6=/, 5 65 Ÿ ( / 5 ( = D / 2-5 Ÿ=/ ( 5 0 ( ž 4 (, / 5 (, 5 5 ( 8 à 6 5 6/ 5 (,, 65 ( ( 5 / 0 /, Ÿ ( ª 5 ( / 6=- D! #"%$ & Æ 6, -, Y œ 6 /, 6, 6 5 ª/Y ž 4 (, 5 0, 5 6=/ ( ž/ 5 (, /, 6 4 ž, 1, 6 /( - 54, 6=/, 5 6 /, /Y 5 - / / ( -. 3 DŸ ( 5 - ', 6 / 6, 6,, / #Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, œ ( Ÿ- 5 6,, 6 -, 6 5Y4= 6, /, 6Y 6 / (, 6 5Y/ œ 6 ª 0 6=-, 5 6)( À D 6 2 ( - 54, 6=/, 5 6 / ( Ÿ ( 8 ª 5 ( 5 6, Y - Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6,/ - º-,,, 6,, 0 / ž}, Ÿ ( 5 }0=, 6 / 5 - / / ( - Ÿ ( 5 - / 6, 6 ( 0 6 (- ( /, 6}- 5 6,, 5 6, 6} Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6 D 6 ( / =/ 5 (,, D - (, 4=, 6 œ 0 ( ¾ Æ, - / ( =/ D, / 5 (, - / 6 4= /  0= 4 ž}- =/ 6, 6 -, 5 6}ª 0 6=-, ( - 5Y4, 6=/, 5 65 Ÿ ( / 5 (5 ( 5 - / / ( - Y / 5 4 ž 5, ª ž, 6, 6 (, ,, 5 6 -Ñ ÏÕ Ñ Ø Ñ =Ò Ó Ò Ö Í% Š D 5 5 4, 5 0= / ž 5( Ÿ ( 6 / 6, 6,, 0 / ª 5 (/3, 6 / 6=-, /. / (, / 4, / (, 6 5 ª%. 4, ( / - Y / (, / 4, / 5 -, / , %0 ( ( Ÿ ( 6 /, / (, - 0=, 6 D ( ª 5 ( / ( - Ÿ=/ -, 1Š ² ½ ¾ ¹, / Ÿ=5, 4 (, 6 5 ª%. 4, / 6 / 6, 6,, 8 0 / 2±5 4, 5 0= ž- 5 ( ( Ÿ=5 6 5/ 6 /, 6Y 6 % ( 0 } / 0 5 ª 4 5 6Y/ 5 ', 6/ 6, 6,, 0 / %2 / 6 /- / 0= 7 2 0= / 6Yª 0 6=-, ª / - =/ Y /, 6Y 6 / 5 -, / 52 /, œ - / 0= :7

3 Insertion Population Improved Children Selection Local Search Parents Children Recombination = #@ N L H E J ~ % \ ~ G G Ö Ò Ñ Ø Ø Ò Ö Í% ', 6}/Yª 5 (Y0 /» / 6 / 6, 6,, 0 / 2 2 œ 6 5 ª 2, œ 6 5 4= 6 04= ( 5 ª- / 0=, - / ( 6 5 /, œ 4 ž/2º¼ ( À ¼ ² » ¹ ( / 0= 0 / - / (, 6=/, ž5 ªD/ = D Y / / 0 5 ª, ª 0 6=-, 5 6 ß 0 / ½, ª»º, Y /, œ / 4 / 6 / 6, 6,, 0 / D =/, 6, œ 6 / - 5 ( ( 0 Ÿ=5 6 5/ /, ª ž, 6 5 0, 5 6 Ñ Ð Ñ Ò Ö Í% Õ Í Ñ Ø Ø D -, 5 65 Ÿ ( / 5 (D, /Yª 0 6=-, 5 6, - / à /, 6 Ÿ 0 /, 6}Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6}/ 6 1 ( / - 5, 6,, 0 /, - }, ( / Ÿ=/ ( 6 ª 5 ( ( - 5Y4, 6=/, 5 6 / 5, 6 0 ( / 6 -, 6 / ( - 2, Y, 6 - / ( ž} 5à Ÿ 5Y, (, ž, 6 Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6 Æ 6 #2, ª - Ÿ=/ ( 6 / ( 5 5,, / ( 2 5Y (, 5 65 ª Y / ( - Ÿ=/ - 1Š, #6 5 4= 1 Ÿ 5 ( -Ñ Í=ÎÖ Ó Ò Ö Í% D, 5 Ÿ ( / 5 ( - ( / 6 /, 6Y 6 ª ( 5 D5 - Ÿ=/ ( 8 6 /, 6Y 6 Ä /, - / =( / ( 5 5 ( / ž 4=0= : 5 ( 2 / 5 / (, 6} Ÿ=/ Ÿ ( 2# Ÿ -, œ -Y- ( 5 5 ( =/ / ( / 6, 6 ª Ÿ ( 5 4 / ž 4=0-5 ( Ÿ=5 ( ª 0 DÍ Ó Ð Ñ Ó Õ º D 5 - / / ( - Ÿ ( 5 -, Ÿ ( 5 /Y- 5 6 œ 0 ( /, ž/ ß 0 6=- 5 ª / - =/ 6, 65 ( ( 5 ( / - /Y 5 - / 5 Ÿ,Y0 / (, 6 5 Y / 0 /, 5 6 ª 0 6=-, / 5 5 6, 4 5 ( 5 5 ª 0 6=-, 5 6 ¾ / 6 5 D - =/ 6,, à / 4 0, ( / / à 2 / Ø Ñ Õ Ò Ö Í% Š 6, Ÿ ( 5 -, - / 6 4=, 6 ( / (, 6 5, Ü ( 6-5 6,, 5 6 =, ª,, D4= ( =/ 6/ 6 ž, 6,, 0 / 5 ª Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6= D - 5 6,, 5 6 / (, Ÿ=5 ( / 6, ( Ÿ - 5 / ( / ß 0 /, ž/ 6 Y, (, ž 5 ª Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 / 8, 5 6 Ç-,,, 6 (, 6} Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6}, ªD,, 4= ( =/ 6 D5 ( 5 ªD

4 0 4 8 Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 65 ªŸ=5, 4 Ÿ=/ ( 6 " # :"# ( - 54, 6=/, 5 6Š5 Ÿ ( / 5 ( / 5 - / - ( 5 5 ( =/ 5 / à, 6 5 / / Y0 - / Ÿ=5, 4 / 6, - 5 ª#, 6,, 0 /, 65 ( (D 5Y- 5 6 ( 5 = 6 ( / / ( - Ÿ ( 5 - / 6 5Y5 4 /, 6/ 6 -, 6 / 5 (, Æ 63 / 6 È É8 3 2 / (, / 4 / ( / 5 / 6 /- 5 6 ( /, 6 ( 0-0 (,, ž - / 0= 5 ª, 6ª 5 (0 / D ( ª 5 ( 2, ( Ÿ ( 6 /, 5 6ª 5-0= 5 6 / 5 2 / 6 -, 6 - ( 5 5 ( 5 0 / à, 6 5/ D, ( /, 6 ( 0-0 ( œ ( œ 6 /ª 0 6=-, 5 6/ 5, 6 Ÿ 5- =/ 6 / 0 5 ª / (, / 4 ¼ 4 ¼ ² ½ ¾ ¹ ² ½ ¾ ¹ ¾} D 6 2 œ 6 / 6, Ÿ ( 5 Y 6 Dª 0 6=-, 5 6 ¼ 4 ¼ ² º } 7 ¹ 7 ² º ¹ D, ª 0 6=-, Ÿ 0, Ÿ ( 5 Y /, 6 4 ž, Ÿ Ÿ, Ÿ= ª 2Ã/ 6 / Ÿ (, 5 0= ž, 6 ( 5 0 -, 6 '3 Ç/ 6 / à / ¾ 2 ¾ #Æ - 5 ( ( Ÿ=5 6 5 /, 65 ª 5 0, 5 6}/ (, 6 5 ª 0 6=-, 5 6 ( À, # 6 0Y4= ( 5 ªª / - / 0=, - 4= - 5 ( 0 4 ž, Ÿ Ÿ, 6 } / 5 4, 6 0= 6 0Y4= (5 ª /, œ - / 0=, - 4= - 5 ª / / ( à =/, ª, 6 0Y4= (, 6 /, 6 6 0Y4= ( 5 ª ª / - / 0=, 6=- ( /, ª, Ÿ, Ÿ ( ª 5 ( Æ 6 5 ( (Y 5 / à, 6 5 / Ÿ -, œ - ( 0-0 ( 5 ª/Ÿ ( 5 4 2, 0= ( /, ( / (, / 4, Š4 žá - / 0= D ( / ( ( Ÿ=5, 4,,, / 5 Y /, ª / -, 5 65 ª/ - / 0= 0 6 ( D5YŸ=/ ( 6 ¼ - / 0=, /, œ, 6 D5YŸ=/ ( / 0=, 0 6 /, œ, 6 D5 Ÿ=/ ( / 0=, /, œ, 65 6 ž5 6 Ÿ=/ ( 6 D /, 5 ª 5 0 ( ( - 54, 6=/, 5 6, /, 6/ -,, - 4= 6 œ ª ( 5 Ÿ=/ ( 6 4 0, } / 1,Y0 6 04= (5 ªD ( 0 - / 0= # D ( ª 5 ( ( ž 5-5 ( ( - Dª / - / 0= / 6 5 /, 6 /, 6 ( Š 6/Y- / 0= :7, ª / ª 5 ( D5YŸ=/ ( 6 2 /YŸ=5, 4 5 0, ( ( 0, 5, Ÿ/ / (, / 4 5 ª 7 µ D ( ª 5 ( 2 -, ( -, / 6 5 Ÿ Ÿ=5, / 0 ª 5 (, / (, / 4, ( Ÿ - 5, Ÿ=/ ( 6 6 ª 5 ( 0 6=/ ž 2, / -, 5 6 / žyÿ ( ª / - / 0= = 5,,, 6 0Y4= (5 ªD/ Ÿ Ÿ / (, 6 ª / - / 0= 2-5, - 5 ª / (, / 4, 0, 4 ž 4 / 0 /, 5 6ª 0 6=-, 5 6? MR\ R I GE I M R I GM L H ƒ L J ~ R H G C J I A=J ~ G CR #J ~ GF R H E R ƒ G IR G R H EC NYE CJ ~ E I \ R I G ~ R F GC G \ G I I R H E KJ ~ GI R GF R GECƒ L J ~ R H G C J I # ~ E I\ L G IM H L ³J ~ GM R \ JJ ~ R JR \ R I G \ R CYƒ G M R I G L C KYEM R =L M#EJ I EJ G H R I R H G M R I G

5 Š 6º/- / 0= 7, ( 0 ª 5 (Y D5Ÿ=/ ( 6 2 / ž}- 5 Ÿ ž}, 6º -, / / 0 /, 6 5 / (, / 4 5 ª 7, 6}5 6 5 ªD Ÿ=/ ( 6, 6 -, 6 8 ª 5 ( 0 6=/ ž 2, / -, 5 6 D ž / à, 6 5Y/ D ( 0-0 ( 5 ª# Ÿ=/ ( 6 #5 4= ª /, ( Ÿ ž / 0 5 ª# / (, / 4-5, 6 ª ( 5 %4 5 Ÿ=/ ( 6 «D0 2 / 0 - / 6 4=, Ü ( 6 5 0, 5 6, 5 - D / (, / 4 5, Ÿ =/ /, Ÿ=/ - / 6 5 Ÿ 0, / =/ D - 5 ( ( Ÿ=5 6, 6 Ÿ, ( /, ( 0, 6 7 3, 6=- 5 6 ž 5 6 / (, / 4, 6 - / ( žy 5 /, 6 /, 6, - / 0= ( 0 2 / ž/ /, 6 0,, 5 Ÿ ( /, 5 6, 4 ª 0 6=-, 5 6 ', 6=/ ž 2 6/- / 0= 7, ( 0 ª 5 (5 6 Ÿ=/ ( 6 / 6 ª / ª 5 (D 5 ( , 5 6Ÿ ( 5 Ÿ=5 Y4 ž ' 0 ( 6 / 6 ' ( / 6, ¼ D - 5 ( ( Ÿ=5 6, 6 / (, / 4 5, - / 0= / ( /, 6 / 0 / (, 6 Ÿ 5 Ÿ=/ ( 6 /, ª ž, 6, 6, - / œ 0= Æ, - / ( =/ 5 ( (, 6Y, - - / 0= / ( ( / (,, Ÿ=5 ( / 6 : ( 2 žy/ ( ( / (, 6Y /Y 5 ( ( =/ ž / Ÿ Ÿ / (, 6 0=, Y4= 6=- / ( à# 6 5 Ÿ ( 6 œ 6,, ªª 5 0 (- ( 5 5 ( D ( 5 ª / ( Y ( ( 5 Ÿ ( / 5 ( =0=, 6 Ÿ (, 5 0= ( / ( à Ÿ ( 6 / 5 - /, - / 0 6, ª 5 ( - ( 5 5 ( 2, -, D0= / /( ª ( 6=- ª 5 ( - 5 Ÿ=/ (, 5 6,/ - 5 Ÿ ( / 5 (D, /ª 0 6=- 8, ¼ 1)1 1, D5YŸ=/ ( 6 Ÿ ( ,! "$#! % &) Ö ' Í Õ Î ÌÕ Í=Ø Ø Í (#Ñ Õ ) #,! -.0/ ! 6 7!! 8 % ÌYÍ Õ Õ Ñ Ò Ö (=Ñ ÌÐ Ó Ø Ñ Õ Í=Ø Ø Í (=Ñ Õ9 Ì Ì: ; - # # 7 #, / <!! :4- # =! Y >- $! A0 -B 4 2} 4 C 4 4D 4 $ 6@ = /:3 DÁ 4 23 D = =DE! $ -!! # F 0B1! A- G! A A-% H0 -! $./5! 6$ - 2 = - =.2I 4J! 7!! 8 % ÌYÍ Õ Õ Ñ Ò Ö (=Ñ ÌÐ Ó Ø ÑÓ KMLÕ Ò MN%Ó Ö =Ò Ñ Ó Ñ Õ Í=Ø Ø Í (=Ñ Õ9 ÌYÌLNO: ; - # # 7 #, / <!! :4- # =! Y >- $! A0 -B 4 2} 4 C 4 4D 4 $ 6@ = /:3 DÁ 4 23 D = =DE! $ -!! # F 0B1! A- G! A A-% ; - -# 7 #, 8 9 2} D ! <! 4 # >! 7 -! #! =!!! $? # 4 2} 4 C 4 4D 4 0 /:3 D= # 8 9 / 7 0D!!!, # $ BM! A!! A A-% H0!.0/1! $- 2. 2P 045!, 7!! 8 % Ð Ñ #Õ Ñ =Ò Ó K Ñ Õ Ð Ó K Õ Í=Ø Ø Í (#Ñ ÕQ R S9 T 0: ; # # 0# # D 7 0U % # =! > #? / U %/:34 4)34 V % H0! =.0/W! $ ! 6 7 <

6 µ!! 8 % Å 5, - =/ Ä Ä2Ä Ä È / 6 ' 'Á- ( 5 5 (, Ü (5 6 0= 5 ªD ( 0 / 0 5 ª= - / 0=, ž Ÿ=/ ( 6 6, 5 6 / à ž, /, 5Y- 5 ( ( - ª / - / 0= 2 5YŸ ( ( ( 0 - / 0= / 6 5 /, 6 /, 6 ( 0-0 ( 5 ª /, 6Y 6 Æ 65 ( (D 5 0= ž - =/ ( / - (,, - 5 ª, Ü ( 6 5 Ÿ ( / 5 ( 2 ( 0 - / 5 (, 5/ ß 0 6=- 5 ª( - 5Y4, 6=/, 5 6 / 5 6/Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6, 5 (, 5 0 -, 5 6Ÿ ( 5-4= 6 D , / D / ( ( /,, }/Y( / 6 5 Ý 8 /, 6 / 6=- D, ½ ½Y / (, / 4 / 6 / ( /, 55 ªD- / 0= / (, / 4 5 ª Ý = D D5 / 0 ( / ( 0= ¼= Ÿ ( 5 œ 5 ª0 A< $.=# / 6 A- =.$#! M 8,6 ( 5 Ÿ ž 1 Ÿ ( Y, (, ž 5 ª Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6 D / / 0, ½ 2, 6, 8 - /, 6 =/ /, 6,, 0 / 5 ª Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6/ ( Y / D / ( /, 0 ¾ 2, 6, - /, 6 =/ / #, 6,, 0 / / (, Ü ( 6 Ñ Ö Ò Ö Í% )@ 8 %. >E A-.! A- 0! 4!,!,! -%!" > (. 9 D µ # $ % & ' ()!" # $ % & ' (). Û D Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6,, ¾ ½ ½/ Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, ª Ÿ=5, 4 Ÿ=/ ( 6 =/ /, 5 ª¾ # D D5Ÿ=/ ( 6 / ( ( / 6 5 ž- 5 6, 6}, Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6 Ç-,,, 6 (, 6 Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6, ª, œ 6, 4= ( =/ 6 œ 6 5 ª D5 (, 6,, 0 / #5 ª Y Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6 ', 0 ( Û 5 Ÿ ( ª 5 ( / 6=- 5 ªD ª 5 0 (Y- ( 5 5 (5 Ÿ ( / 5 ( - 54, 6, 5 (, 5 0 -, 5 6/ (, 6 Ÿ 5Y D5 / 0 ( %06 5 4= ( =/ ¼ -, 5 6 / / ' 'º- ( 5 5 ( 4= =/, 5 ( 2 D -, 5 6, Ÿ ( 5 ( 0 5 ª 0 6, ª 5 ( - ( 5 5 ( 2 DÄ Ä È - ( 5 5 ( / 6 YÄ Ä - ( 5 5 ( 2 0 6, ª 5 ( - ( 5 5 ( #Ÿ ( 5, 5 5 ( 0, 5 (, 5 0 -, Ä Ä È - ( 5 5 (/ 6 Ä Ä - ( 5 5 ( =/ / 4= ( 6 ( 5 Ÿ ž =/ 6} ' 'º- ( 5 5 ( 2 Ä Ä - ( 5 5 ( / 6 Ä Ä È - ( 5 5 (#, -, 5 6Ÿ ( 5 - Ÿ ( 5, ( ž 5 5 ( 0, /, (, ž, ( =/ 6/ # 5 (- ( 5 5 ( D ( ª 5 ( 2 / 6 -, 6 Y- ( 5 5 (, / ( ž}/- ( 5 5 (, - ºß 0, - à ž, Ÿ ( 5 5 Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6 / ( 2 - ( 5 5 ( 5 0 }4= / ( / 5 5 ( / 8 5 Ü 4= 6 ß 0 /, ž/ 6, (, œ - /, 5 65 ª Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6 # D, 8 (, œ - /, 5 6Š/ 5 / 4= ( 1 Ÿ 5 ( /, 5 6º5 ª / ( - Ÿ=/ - / 6 Ÿ ( 6 Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6ª ( 5 / 6=/, 6 Ÿ, 6Ÿ=5 5 ( 5 - / #5 Ÿ, /,.- " 0/ 1 " ( 5 5 (=, 6 0 ( / / 6, 6 ª 0, (, œ - /, 5 6 /, 6 D / ( - 5 Ÿ ( 5, 8, 6 Ÿ/ ( / Å 5 Š,, 6 - / ( žy 5Y/. 3Y 5Ÿ ( ª 5 ( / 6, 6 6, œ / ( - Y5 ª 5 0 8

7 @F G H R N G C ƒ G HL M#M R I G \ R I G I False clauses False clauses R J C Q E F G H I E J K Crossovers (without selection) =L EL Crossovers (with selection) Entropy Entropy ~ M L ~ L ~ H L I I L F G H J ~ L ~ G \ J E L J R N C Q J ~ E N ~ J \ L ~ L ~ H L I I L F G H ~ G \ J E L J R N Z Œ E M L H H L I I L F G H A O Œ \ H L I I L F G H A Œ H L I I L F G C Q S Œ H L I I L F G H Crossovers (without selection) Crossovers (with selection) = = GD G J\ CI IJ GD\ I E JJ GDI G CYI GR GDH CI I J G\ I EJ ~J GI G CI G BDC Ç\ WW WW \ H R [ [\ 4 2 3, 5 6, 6Y, 6, œ Ÿ=/ (, - 0 / (/ ( / «/ 5 6Y,, / 2 ' 3 º/ 5 (,, /Y ž 4 (,, /, 5 65 ª. 3/ 6 / Ÿ -, œ -( - 54, 6=/, 5 65 Ÿ ( / 5 ( Þ #5 / ª 0 ( ( Ÿ ( ª 5 ( / 6=- 5 ª / - - ( 5 5 (5 Ÿ ( / 5 (D,, 6/ 5 / 5 (, 2, 6 ( / - º5 ª, ª 5 0 (- ( 5 5 Ÿ ( / 5 (, 6' 3 / 6 Ÿ 5 ž / / 4 0Á / ( - Á/ 5 - / / ( - ( Å 5 ( 0 6Š, Á - 5 6,, 5 6 /,, 6 -, 5 6 Û / - 5 ªD ª 5 0 ( ž 4 (, / 5 (, 5 6 ª 5 0 (, 6 / 6=-, / à D5 (, 6 / 6=- 2, /Ÿ=/ (, žª 0 6=-, 5 6, 6 / 6=- / 6 / 6 / ( Ÿ ( 6, 6 /,, 6 -, 5 6 Û, 1 Ÿ (,Y 6 / - 5 6,, 5 6 / ( /Y ª 5 (D ª 5 0 ( / 5 (, Å 5, - =/ D ' '}- ( 5 5 (, 0=, 5 0 Y -, 5 6Ÿ ( 5 -, 6=-,, 4= (( 0 œ 0 ( Û D D5-5 Ÿ=/ (, 5 6Y- (, (, // ( D0=, 6Y5 ( ( 5 / 0 /, Ü ( 6 D- ( 5 5 (, Ÿ ( 5 4 ž/. 3# = D œ ( - (, (, 5 6, ( / D, ( ( Ÿ=5 6 5} 6 0Y4= (Y5 ª ª 0 ( 0 6,, 4 ž 6 0Y4= ( 5 ª (, D (, (, 5 6, / ( / 6 04= ( 5 ª- ( 5 5 ( - ( Dª 5 ( Y ª 0 ( 0 6 / 4 ¾ 5 /, 5, 6=/ 6=- 5 ª= Ä Ä - ( 5 5 ( D ( 0 5 º, 6 ( / -, 5 6 4= 6 Ä Ä / 6. 3, 5 ( Ÿ=5 ( ª 0 # =/ 6, 6 ( / -, 5 6 D4= 6 5 (- ( 5 5 ( / Ÿ ( / 5 (

8 WW WW [ [ BDC E M L H EC I J R C \ G I \ H \ H \ H \ H ƒ L \ ˆ I Z U U U S T U U \ L L H Œ Z U Œ Z U U U U O U U T O O S U T O V V O U T O Z U U M Z U U U T U V O V Z Z Z T T U U U U Z S U R H Z Œ S Œ \ V U U U U Z U U U O U U U z v =WL R H EI L CL M Q E G H G C JD\ H L I I L F G H IDE C \ Q G Q EC J ºR N L H EJ ~ EM C L R I I E N C G C JE IM L C Q J ~ G CYJ ~ GR F G H R N GC ƒ G HL M=M R I G\ R I G IE IN EF G C " #"# D " $Š ³ " - - # " Æ 6Š, -, / 0 / ' 3 ³/ 5 (,, º }Ä Ä - ( 5 5 (5 6, Ü ( 6 D- / 5 ª 4= 6=- / ( à - 5 Ÿ=/ ( œ ( ' 3 º, œ 5 0, 5 6=/ ( ž / 5 (, Ÿ ( 6, 6 D D 6Š 5-5 Ÿ=/ (, 5 6, Š à / à / ¾ / 6 ) 6, / à ¾ ½ 2 /, 6 6 ( 5 ª 3 Û ½ ½ ÝY- 5 Ÿ,, 5 6 = 5 0 ( / ( ( /, 5 6/- 0= (D,.#, / 6, 6 à / 6 5, / - Y5 ª# Û Ä Ú Ú 6, 0 Æ Ê Û 2 Û ' / 6 ¾:' «5 ª È 0=, 6 ß 0 6, / #( 0 6 R ÌYÍ=Î}ÏÓ Õ Ö Ø Í% Ø Ö Ò ŠÑ (#Í=Ð Ò Ö Í% Ó Õ ŠÓ Ð Ô=Í Õ Ö Ò Î Ø' Õ Í=Î Q S D Ÿ 0 ( Ÿ=5 5 ª, -, 5 6Á, 5Š- 5 Ÿ=/ ( ' 3, ( / / 8 5 ª 8 8 / ( 5 0, 5 6=/ ( žº/ 5 (, Ÿ ( 6, 6 5 / à - 5 Ÿ=/ (, 5 6Š/ ª /, ( / Ÿ=5, 4 2 ( 0 6' ( Y / - 5 6,, 5 6/ =/ 0=, 6 È 5 ( Ÿ ( -, ž 2 / - Ÿ ( 5 4, 6 / 6=-, 5 4= 6 / 6 ½, 2 / - ( 0 6 4=, 6,, 5Ý }¾ ½ = D 4= 6=- / ( à D0=, 6, D 1 Ÿ (,Y 6 /, 5 6/ ( ¼ 0, 2 ( 5 0 Ÿ 5 ªÝ, 6 / 6=-, Ý ½ 2 ½ 2% Y/ 6 ¾ ½ ½ / (, / 4 2 0, «2 ÝY ( 5 0 Ÿ 5 ª ½, 6 / 6=-, ½ 2% Y/ 6 ¾ ½ ½ / (, / 4 2 0, YÄ2 ( 5 0 Ÿ 5 ª ¾ ½ ½, 6 / 6=-, Û ½ 2 ½ 2 ½ 2 ½Y/ 6 ¾ ½ ½ / (, / 4, 6 / 6=- / ( ( / 6 5 Ý 8 /, 6 / 6=-, }/ ( /, 5- / 0= / (, / 4 5 ª Ý 0 5 ª ' 3 / ( 5 6º, 6Š / 4 Û 2 5 (, Š ( 0 5 ª œ 5 0, 5 6=/ ( ž / 5 (, ( Ÿ=5 (, = ( =/ D5 6 ( / 6 5, 6 / 6=- ' 3 Ç, Ä Ä - ( 5 5 ( Y =/ 4= ( / 4 0 ( ß 0, (, 6 6 ( / 0 - ª (, Ÿ 5Y5 4 /, 6/ 5 0, 5 6 Å 1 -, 5 6, 5 5 ( ( 0 5 ª' 3 5 6Y0 - / ( (( / 6 5, 6 / 6=- / / ( 0-0 (, 6 / 6=- R ÌYÍ=Î}ÏÓ Õ Ö Ø Í%! Ö Ò #"%Ó Ð $ Ø Ó Ò Ó K&) Ö Ò "ÇÓ Ð $ Ë 0 5, 6=- 5 Ÿ / (, 6,, -- =/ ( / - (5 ª ' 3 2 / à / D/ 6 6, / à 2 / - º/ 5 (, =/ 4= 6 ( 0 6ºÛ ½, 5 6 / - 4= 6=- / ( à, º/ 6 1-0, 5 6,,, 5¾ 5 0 ( D / 5 (, / ( 0=,, ( / 6 / ( Ÿ=/ ( /Y ( D 6 0Y4= (D5 ª, Ÿ,,, 5¾ ½ ¾ ¾ ½ Dª 5 (D ( / 5 (,

9 ? C I J R C \ @ O > O @ EJ G C ƒ F R U T T Z Z O Z U U S U Z V Z U U V V Z U U O S Z Z U U O V S T U Z U U T V V S U Z U U Z Z V T V O T Z U U O Z Z U U U Z Z U U Z T Z U U V U T Z Z V U V U S Z U U V U Z U U O O Z U U Z O T U U Z U U Z U U T V V V U O Z T T O V U Z T S U Z Z V Z U U V O O P V U V U T O O Œ Œ Z U U Z O U V Z U U Z Z V U Z U U Z U U U Z U U Z Z P V U V U Œ Œ T V S Z S T T T O O T Z T V T P V U Z U U T O S Œ Œ Z T U Z U O O V O U V V T S U Z W Z U U O U Z U U Z U T Z U U Z O S Z U U V Z U U V Z U U Z U Z U U S W Z U U S U Z U U T U T V T Z U U U Z V Z U U O T V Z Z U U Z S O U Z U U Z S S W Z U U U T T V T S Z Z T T Z V T T Z T T V Z U U Z O V O U Z U U Z S S Z T W Z U U U Z V V O O V T T O V U Z T T T V S T Z O O T T V O S V T S O W Z U U Z U U S Z V V Z T V O U V T S S V T O O U Z T Z S V S z v DW L R H E I L Cƒ G J G G C}G F L J E L C R H K}R N L H E J ~ I Œ I \ \ G I IH R J GA Œ R F G H R N G C ƒ G HL M E IL M#I \ \ G I I M =H C I Ÿ ( 5, 6 5 Ÿ ( -, Ÿ=/ ( / ( ª 5 ( / - / 5 (, L Ù ' 3 D5 ( à, }/Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 65 ª ¾ ½, 6,, 0 / =Ë 0 (, ( /, 5 6}5 ª, Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, /. 35 ª¾ ½, Ÿ, / Ÿ Ÿ, 5 / - }, 6,, 0 / D -, 5 6Ÿ ( 5 - ª 5 ( Ÿ=/ ( 6 / 6, 6 (, 5 6Y- 5 6,, 5 6Yª 5 ( -, / ( / -, 8 / D 6 04= (D5 ª=Ÿ=5, 4 Ÿ=/ ( 6 ª 5 ( - ( 5 5 (,,, 5¾, Ü ( 6, 6,, 0 / = D 6 0Y4= (5 ª/ 5 - ( 5 5 (, ¾ ½ / 6 /. 3 / 4 0} / ( - = D5 ª / 5 ¾ ½, Ÿ, / Ÿ Ÿ, 5 6 / - -, D, 5 ª / 4 0,, 5¾ ½ 5 ª 6 0Y4= ( 5 ª / (, / 4, 6 Ÿ ( 5 4 "ÇÓ Ð $ Ø Ó Ò Ù 0= (, 5 6Š ¾ D 6 04= ( 5 ª (,, ¾ ½}, Á/ 5 ¾ ½ ¾ ¾ ½, Ÿ ª 5 ( / - ( ž / à / 0= 6 5 ž 0 (,, -, /6 5, 5½ &) Ö Ò "ÇÓ Ð $ Ù 0= 6, / à (, 5 6½ Þ ¾ D / 1,0 6 0Y4= (5 ª, Ÿ, ¾ ½ ¾ }¾ ½, ¾( 0 6 YÑ Î Ó Õ $ Ø D D5- / 5 ª, 6 / 6=- =/ D4= 6 0= ¼ ( 0-0 (, 6 / 6=- / 6 ( / 6 5, 6 / 6=- 3 5Y, 6 / 6=- / ( /, œ / 4 / 6 5 ( / ( 0 6 /, œ / 4 D, 6 / 6=- ( 0= 4 ž 3 Û ½ ½ Û ¾ #5 (3 Û ½ ½ ÝY- 5 Ÿ,, 5 6 ( 0-0 (, 6 / 6=- ¼ 2 #2-4 5 / ( (, 6 Ÿ ( #2, 6 ( ª / - 5 (, /, 5 6= 2 R ˆ I R JE IDR F R E R ƒ G c b m=c e m a i l q i#c _ ` f q _ m e f e m e BDC E JR ˆEIDR F R E R ƒ G! q l a b=c ` a c ^ e m c ^ f e ^ a m " i a # e R E R ƒ GR J c a i n q=c f i a j k e i l _ ^ m c n ^ f p e ^ ` _ f g o % & p _ i b e ^ m k ' ( c

10 ( / Ÿ (, 6 Ÿ, 6 / 6=- 2 2 / (, 10, Ÿ, - /, 5 6= 2 =2 Ÿ ( ª / ( 6, 6 Ÿ=/ (, žª 0 6=-, 5 6= ( / 6 5, 6 / 6=- ¼ =2 ËÆ È Ä 3, 6 / 6=- ÛY, 6 2 / 6=- 5 ª ½ ½ / (, / 4 6 ( / 4 ž, Û, Ü ( 6 ÛY, 6 2 / 6=- 6 ( / 4 ž 5 6, Ý Þ ÞY/ 6 ½ / (, / 4 ' 5 ( / - }, 6 / 6= = (5 ªD- / 0=,, 6}, 6} D/ 6 6 0Y4= (5 ª / (, / 4,, 6, 6} À # D ( / 6 5, / 5, 6 6,, à ( Ó Ð Ó Ò Ö Í% & D ( - 5 Ÿ=/ (, 5 6Á- (, (, / / ( 0= 5 / 0 / ' 3 / Ÿ=/ (,, 6, / à / 6 / à / D œ ( Y- (, (, 5 6}, ( /, ( ( Ÿ= = (D5 ª D,, 4 ž 6 0Y4= ( 5 ª#( 0 6 D, - (, (, 5 6,, Ÿ=5 ( / 6, 6=-,,, / ( - YŸ=5 (5 ª# / 5 (, D D55 ( - (, (, // ( / ( / 6 04= (D5 ª, Ÿ D/ 6 / ( /, 6,Y ª 5 (D ª 0 =( 0 6 D 6 0Y4= (D5 ª, Ÿ ª 5 ( ' 3 Š, 6=- 0=, Ÿ Ÿ ( ª 5 (Y 0 (, 6 - ( 5 5 (5 Ÿ ( /, 5 6 P G C \ ~ YR H R ˆ I R J BDC E JR ˆ EC I J R C \ G I F R H \ I I R J I G \ I G \ I G \ \ L L H Œ Z U Œ U U S V Z U U Z U S T Z U U S U S O S S Z \ L L H Œ Z Œ S Z O T T V T U V \ L L H Œ O O Œ V O S O U O O Z O T Q EM Z T U R H H H \ H Z O U Z V Z U U Z U Z U U Z T V Q EM Z T T T R H H H \ H Z O U Z V N Z O V Z O Z O V O O V S V O V Z S N Z O V Z O O V U U Z U V V U Z U Z Z U U T O S U YR J O V I ~ G Q V Z T YR J O I ~ G Q S S O S S R H O Œ V Œ \ Z T V V U R H O Œ V Z Z U O V Z U Z U Z U U Z T Z V z v # J H \ J H G Q EC I J R C \ G I EM C LR I I E N C G C JDEIDM L C Q J ~ G CYJ ~ GR F G H R N GC ƒ G HL M M R I G\ R I G I EI N EF G C ƒ G J G G C R H G C J ~ G I G I AE C Q E\ R J G IDJ ~ GI R J EI R ƒ E E J K L MR C E C I J R C \ G E I C ˆ C L C -Ñ Ø Ð Ò Ø Ó Ð Ø Ö Ø D ( 0, 6, 6 / 4 ÝY/ 6 / 4 5Y6 5 5 /Y- / ( 0 Ÿ ( / - ž5 ª=5 6 / 5 (, 5 (5 (5 6 : 5 ( 2 ' 3, 6 ( / ž 5 ( }~ G C C L R I I EN C G C J=EI=M L C Q BDC EJR ˆ Q L G I=C L J=N EF G J ~ G ƒ G I J=C ƒ G H L M M R I G\ R I G I ƒ JL C KJ ~ G R I JM L C Q L Y I J J E Kƒ K Z U J LL ƒ J R EC J ~ G H G R =C ƒ G H L M E I

11 P G C \ ~ R H R ˆ I R J BDC E JR ˆ N G C I G G Q F R H \ I I R J I G \ I G \ I G \ N R I I K Z U T Z Z U T T Z O N R I I K O V T T Z Z S S V U O Z U U M Z U U U Œ Z U U U S O V U T U O S V V V Z U U T Z Z U U Z S V M O U U U Œ O U U U V U U V S Z O U U U U V O V Z U U Z O O Z U S Z ~ N G C O Z O U V V O V S U V U U Z V U ~ N G C O V Z O Z U U Z S V U U Z V U z v = > R C Q L ³EC I J R C \ G I EMC LR I I E N C G C JE IM L C Q J ~ G CJ ~ GYR F G H R N GYC ƒ G H L M M R I G\ R I G I EI N EF G C ƒ G J G G C R H G C J ~ G I G I AE C Q E\ R J G IDJ ~ GI R J EI R ƒ E E J K L MR C E C I J R C \ G E I C ˆ C L C -, 6 Y5 6 ( 0-0 (, 6 / 6=- =/ 6Š5 6º( / 6 5, 6 / 6=- D ( 0 / ( ( Ÿ (,, 6, 6=- Ä Ä - ( 5 5 (, 4 / 5 6, /5 ª 1 Ÿ 5 (, 6 }- / 0= ( 0-0 ( / à, 6 Ÿ D5Y / 4 5 ( / ž- 5 6=- 0= ' 3 Á, ( ž - 5 Ÿ,, ( 0 5 6, 6 / 6=- - =/ Ÿ ( 6 D5 6 ( - 5Y4, 6=/, 5 6º5 Ÿ ( / 5 ( ª 5 (3 / 6-5 Ÿ=/ (, º D5Ÿ (, 5 0= à Ÿ ( / 5 ( D 5 Ÿ=5 ( ª 0 - ( 5 5 (, Ä 5 ( ( -, }Ä / 0= - ( 5 5 ( Æ 6 (, 6Š ' 3 / 5 (, 2,, ( ž, 6 (, 6 ( 0 «ž, ( 5 4 / / / 6=/ 0 ( 2 - ( 5 5 (/ Ÿ ( / 5 ( / - Y, 6 ( / -, ž ( / Ÿ ( 5, 4= 6 1 Ÿ 5 ( /, 5 6 / 6 1 Ÿ 5, /, ª / ( - Ÿ=/ - È 5 ( 5 ( 2 / -, 5 6Y - =/ 6,, / 5 Ÿ 5 ž 5YŸ ( ( Y, (, ž 5 ª Ÿ=5 Ÿ 0 /, 5 6 ' 3, Á Ä Ä - ( 5 5 (Y, / 0 / ( 0-0 ( / 6 ( / 6 8 5, 6 / 6=- Æ Ÿ ( ª 5 ( / 6=- / ( - 5 Ÿ=/ (, D5 8 à 6 5 6/ 5 (, / à / / 6 6, / à Y/ 6 Š ( / / 8 5 ª 8 8 / ( 5 0, 5 6=/ ( ž / 5 (, D } 1 Ÿ (, 6 /, =/ ' 3, 5 4 / žš ( žš- 5 Ÿ,, ( 8 0 2, 6Ÿ=/ (, - 0 / ( ( 0-0 (, 6 / 6=- È / 6, 2, =/ :' 3 4= =/ #5 6 5Y ( / 6 5, 6 / 6=- D 6 - ( 5 5 ( ( Ÿ=5 (, 6º, Ÿ=/ Ÿ ( / ( / œ ( Ÿ 3 0=, / ( 5 6 / ž 5 =/ / 4= (, 6 ( / -,, ž 4= 6 - ( 5 5 ( / 6. 3# % / ( / 5 D5 ( à, 6 Ÿ5 65 ( ž 4 (,, /, / Ä Ä / 6-5 Ÿ / 5 (, $ Í Ð Ñ K Ô=뼄 =Ò Ø D5 0, à 5 =/ 6 à / ž 5 0= ( ª ( ª 5 (, ( Ÿ ª 0-5Y 6 / 6 ( / ( à " "# " " Z P G R E Q P G C ~ R L R C Q ;=R ˆ ~ Q R HD R E I ~ G L H G J E\ R #I J Q KL M#I K G J H E G IE CY H L L I E Œ J E L C R =\ R \ IDR C Q R E \ R J EL C I? C A R N G I O Z O T S A#Z T T O

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