2010 National Science Olympiad Fossil Test Final Qs & A s

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1 2010 National Science Olympiad Fossil Test Final Qs & A s Note: Fossil pictures are unavailable (consider using the internet for samples) Station 1 Specimens A and B. DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET USE YOUR ANSWER SHEET (rolled trilobite and metasequoia) 1. What is A (common name of Class)? (Trilobita) 2. Why would this fossil form occur (self protection) 3. For B, what is a common name for the feature that is fossilized? (pinecone or cone) 4. What is the genus name of B? (Metasequoia) 5. Which specimen is older, A or B? ( A)

2 Station 2 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS USE YOUR ANSWER SHEET Identify fossils A., B., C., D., and E. to their common name Phylum or subphylum and Class 6. A = (crinoid, Phylum Echinodermata, Class Crinoidea, range Ord Recent 7. B =(Jellyfish, Phylum Cnidaria, subphylum/class Scyphozoa, age range PC to Recent) 8. C= (shrimp, Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Crustacea, range Lower Jurrasic Recent 9. D= (horn coral, Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa, Order Rugosa, range Ord Permian 10. E = (trilobite, Phylum Arthropoda, Class Trilobita, age range Cambrian Permian 11. Based on time of first appearance in the fossil record, place fossils in order of oldest to youngest as best you can. (B, jellyfish, E trilobite, A/D crinoid & horn coral, C shrimp. 12. What are age ranges of oldest and youngest? (B jellyfish PC to Recent, C shrimp L Jurassic Recent)

3 Station 3 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS; USE ANSWER PAGE Two fossils, A., and B. 13. Identify A to its Kingdom and Genus and age range (K Plantae, Genus Calamites; 14. Identify B to its Kingdom and Genus (kingdom Plantae, Genus Ginkgo) 15. Which is older, A or B? (A, Calamites) 16. Are there living counterparts to A today? If so, list/describe their living counterparts. (Yes, modern horsetails; but calamites is extinct) 17. Are there living counterparts to B today? If so, list/describe living counterparts (ginkgos live unchanged to this day) 18. How is A preserved? (internal mold or cast) 19. How is B preserved? (Impression in a concretion)

4 Station 4 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET use your answer sheet! 20. What is specimen A? A)it is a vertebrae or backbone B) it is a coral C) it is a cephalopod D) is a Bryozoan (answer= C) 21. Describe and name the distinguishing feature did you base your decision on (for Specimen A) =(bands or lines encircling specimen; septa, simple) 22. What is the environment A lived in? (Answer = B) A)terrestrial B) Marine C) terrestrial OR marine D) none of the above 23. What is specimen B? A) root i. bone C)bark D)none of the above (Answer A, root) 24. How did A move around OR did it move around? (Answer: it floated or swam jet propulsion squirting water through body) 25. Was A: (answer D none of above) 26. What Genus is B from? (Lepidodendron, stigmara or root)

5 Station 5 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET use your answer sheet! 27. What is Phylum, Genus, range of A? (Phylum Brachiopoda, Genus Platystrophia, Ord Sil) 28. What Phylum, Genus, range of B? (Phylum Brachiopoda, Genus Mucrospirifer, range Dev) 29. What Phylum, Genus, range of C? (Phylum Mollusca, Genus Gryphaea, extinct, bivalve, Jur Cret range ) 30. Choose the correct answer. Are they? A. articulate (answer A) 31. How can you distinguish the phyla represented? (answer: Brachiopods have upper and lower valves, bivalve mollusks have left and right arrangement)

6 Station 6 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET use your answer sheet! 32. What Phylum and Class is A? or is it a trace fossil? (Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda) 33. What Phylum and Class is B? (Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda) 34. What does the Genus name of B mean? (little tower or little turret) 35. What is the test in these fossils symmetrical around or associated with? (C,symmetrical about an axis ) 36. How did B feed? (A, filter feeder, living in sediment) 37. Would you expect to see this from sediments of the Devonian Era? (No, range is Cretaceous Recent)

7 Station 7 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET use your answer sheet! 38. What is this fossil commonly known as? Fish 39. How is it preserved? (film, or mineralized film or impression film) 40. What is the age range of these creatures? (answer D, Ordovician to present 41. What are the earliest of this group commonly known as? (jawless fish) 42. What was the geological period when these creatures were dominant? (Devonian, the age of fishes)

8 Station 8 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET use your answer sheet! Specimens A, B and C. 43. What Phylum is represented, and what is its range (Echinodermata, Cambrian Recent) 44. What is common about specimen B s and C s appearance?(5 fold symmetry, or radial symmetry) 45. What Class is A? (Crinoidea) 46. What Class is B?, and is it extant? (Blastoid, no) 47. What Class is C, and what is its common name? (Echinoid, sea urchin) 48. How is C preserved? (internal mold)

9 Station 9 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET use your answer sheet! Three specimens, A, B, C. 49. What Phyla or Phylum is represented by specimens (are they from the same or from two different Phyla?) (Cnidaria, coral) 50. What is genus and the common name of A? (Halysites, chain coral) 51. What is genus of B? (Favosites) 52. What is genus of C, and a common name for it? (hexagonaria, Petosky stone) 53. Describe the setting you would find these specimens in? (marine, reef) 54. Which is the youngest, in terms of their first appearance in the geologic record? When was that? (Hexagonaria, first appeared in Devonian)

10 Station 10 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE USE YOUR ANSWER SHEET 55. What Phylum is represented by the samples?bryozoa) 56. Identify Genus of A (Archimedes) 57. Identify fossil labeled B (Rhombopora) 58. What growth form is represented by B? (branching) 59. How did it get energy/food? (filter feeding) 60. What is an individual, connected organism known as? (zooid)

11 Station 11 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET use your answer sheet! 61. What is specimen A? (bone) 62. how is A preserved? (replacement) 63. Was A solitary or colonial? (solitary) 64. Was the creature mobile or sessile? (mobile) 65. What is specimen B? (coral) 66. How is B preserved? (replacement) 67. Is B mobile or sessile? (SESSILE) 68. Which is older, A or B? (B)

12 Station 12 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET use your answer sheet! 69. What is this specimen? Give the general or common name. (FISH) 70. List 2 or more features you observed that lead you to choose your answer in 73? (EYE SOCKETS, JAW, TEETH) 71. What is the age range of this Class? (FIRST FISH WAS ORDOVICIAN)

13 Station 13. DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE, USE YOUR ANSWER SHEET Two specimens, A and B. 72. What Phylum and Class does specimen A come from? (Phylum Chordata, Class Condrichthyes) 73. What is the function of fossil A? (a shell crushing tooth, not meat biting) How does this fossil grow? (from the gums of cartilagenous fish) 75. What Phylum and Class does specimen B come from? (Phylum Mollusca, Class Bivalvia) 76. How are both A and B preserved? (as concretions with replacement of original parts)

14 Station 14 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE; USE YOUR ANSWER SHEET 77. One specimen, name 4 different Phyla represented (Mollusca, Crinoidea, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda) 78. What is the oldest geologic period that may be represented by this slab, and why? (Ordovician, because Crinoids and Bryozoans are not known in the fossil record until then). 79. What kind of rock is this? (fossiliferous limestone or fossiliferous dolomite) 80. Are the general life forms represented by these phyla extinct or extant, and what does this mean? (extant, meaning existing today)

15 STATION 15 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE USE YOUR ANSWER SHEET Specimens, A, B, and C. Two are models from fossils, one is a naturallyoccurring fossil. 81. What is the Class and Genus and range of A? (Class Aves, Genus Archaeopteryx, late Jurassic) 82. What is the Class, Order and general name of B? (Class Reptilia, a Pterosaur, pterodactylus) 83. What is the genus represented by C, and what general group is this from? (Lepidodendron, a Lycopod or scale tree) 84. What is similar about these three specimens? (all are fossils, prehistoric, extinct) 85. What are three marked differences between the specimens? (A is Archaeopteryx, a bird with feathers, B is a winged Reptile, Pterosaur, no feathers; C is a plant, club moss, scale tree) 86. Which one displays a most remarkable new evolutionary step? And what is that step? (A, Archaeopteryx, feathers)

16 Station 16 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE, USE YOUR ANSWER SHEET Two specimens, A and B 87. Identify A to Kingdom. (Animalia) BONE 88. Identify B to Kingdom. (Plantae) PETRIFIED WOOD 89. How is B preserved? Define the preservation term. (petrification, where original matter is replaced with minerals) 90. Specimen A is from an age range of about 100 My to about 65 My. What sort of host is this most likely to be a fossil from? (dinosaur or reptile) 91. Would fossil A be extant? Why or why not? (No, post Cretaceous extinction event)

17 Station 17 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE, USE YOUR ANSWER SHEET Three specimens, A, B, and C 92. What is the general term for this kind of fossil? Contrast it with other kinds of fossils. (TRACE FOSSIL, NOT A LIFE FORM BUT EVIDENCE LIFE WAS THERE) 93. What is the mode of preservation of A? (A, cast or mold) 94. Which type of ichnofossil is A? (trace of trail) 95. Which type of ichnofossil is B? (Domicle or burrow) 96. Which type of ichnofossil is C? (Coprolite, fossil poop, dung)

18 Station 18 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE, USE YOUR ANSWER SHEET Specimen Y 97. What general type of fossil is Y? (stromatolite) 98. How does Y form? (algae and sediment layers, as sediment is deposited and sticks to algal gel, the algae grows up to stay in sunlight) 99. What is the age range of Y? (Precambrian to present) 100. How is it preserved? (silicification, petrification) 101. Where might you see this forming today? (Australia coast)

Station 19 These are two views a creature that is significant in the fossil record for several primary reasons. List two of the most significant reasons.

Reason 2: WAS ONLY LARGE LAND ANIMAL TO SURVIVE & BECAME MOST POPULOUS LAND ANIMAL IMMEDIATELY AFTER EXTINCTION EVENT 104. What is the creature s Genus?

19 Station 19 These are two views a creature that is significant in the fossil record for several primary reasons. List two of the most significant reasons Reason 1: SURVIVED END OF PERMIAN EXTINCTION EVENT 103. Reason 2: WAS ONLY LARGE LAND ANIMAL TO SURVIVE & BECAME MOST POPULOUS LAND ANIMAL IMMEDIATELY AFTER EXTINCTION EVENT 104. What is the creature s Genus? GENUS LYSTOSAURUS a synapsid (subclass) 105. How can you tell the fossil s Class? (can tell it is a reptile, it walks with 4 feet on ground, not upright or leaning 106. Can tell it is Reptilia (Class) because it walks on 4 feet, not upright, not.

20 Station 20 (Tiebreaker, answer only counts if you are tied after 1 19.) C A B D 107. This chart shows major extinction events in geological time.the chart starts in the deep past on the lower left corner. The generalized extremity of the event in numbers of genus lost to extinction is denoted by increasing amounts on the left ( y ) axis. Time in millions of years ago is on the bottom ( x ) axis. Name the events noted at A, B, C and D by the common names for the event, their approximate time of occurrence A =Ordovican Silurian MYA 109. B = Late Devonian MYA near Devonian carboniferous transition 110. C = C Permian Triassic, the Great Dying, 251 MYA (=end of many species, especially end of many mammal like reptiles; mammals took 30 MY to rise again 111. D = Cretaceous Tertiary (K T) 65 MYA (end of dinosaurs, followed by rise of mammals and birds)

21 C A B D This chart shows major extinction events in geological time. The chart starts in the deep past on the lower left corner. The generalized extremity of the event in numbers of genus lost to extinction is denoted by increasing amounts on the left ( y ) axis. Time in millions of years ago is on the bottom ( x ) axis. Label the events noted at A. B, C and D by the common names for the event, their approximate time of occurrence. A = B = C = D = What was a significant change in life on earth following D? What was a significant change in life on earth following C?

Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils. Team Name:

Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils Team Name: Team Members: There are 12 stations and you will have approximately 3-4 minutes at each one. Each page of the test corresponds to one of