Earth Science 105. Geologic Time Chapter 11. Earth Science 11 th ed. Tarbuck & Lutgens
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1 Earth Science 105 Geologic Time Chapter 11 Earth Science 11 th ed. Tarbuck & Lutgens
2 Correlation of rock layers Matching same age rocks In local area Across wide area In different regions
3 Grand Canyon
4 Bryce Canyon
5 Zion Canyon
6 Correlation of rock layers Matching rocks of similar age in different regions Often relies upon fossils
7
8 Fossils: evidence of past life Remains or traces of prehistoric life
9 Types of fossils Petrified Formed by replacement Mold Cast Carbonization Impression Preservation in amber Indirect evidence
10 Petrified Cavities and pores are filled with precipitated mineral matter
11 Petrified Formed by replacement Cell material is removed and replaced with mineral matter
12 Mold Shell or other structure is buried and then dissolved by underground water Shape is preserved in the surrounding sediment
13 Hollow space of a mold is filled with mineral matter Cast
14 Organic matter becomes a thin residue of carbon. This is a compression of the original organism Carbonization
15 Replica of the fossil's surface preserved in fine-grained sediment Impression
16 Preservation in amber Hardened resin of ancient trees surrounds an organism
17 Indirect Evidence Includes Tracks Burrows Coprolites fossil dung and stomach contents Gastroliths stomach stones used to grind food by some extinct reptiles
18 Dinosaur footprint in fine-grained limestone near Tuba City, Arizona. Tracks
19 Conditions favoring preservation Rapid burial Possession of hard parts
20 Fossils and correlation Principle of faunal succession Index fossils
21 Principle of faunal succession Proposed by William Smith late 1700s Fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and determinable order, therefore any geologic time interval can be recognized by its fossil content
22 Geologic Time Scale
23 Archean through Devonian
24 Carboniferous through Quaternary
25 Cambrian Marine Life
26 Trilobite
27 Crinoid 380 ma
28 Ordovician sea floor
29 Ordovician Invertibrates
30 Silurian reef Silurian Reef
31 Silurian Landscape
32 Devonian Sea
33 Mid Paleozoic
34 Late Paleozoic
35 Carboniferous Fern Forests
36 Permian Reptiles
37 Permian Sea
38 Geologic Time Scale
39 Link to hypotheses of the Permian Extinction
40 Mesozoic
41 Mesozoic
42 Mesozoic
43 Mesozoic
44 Archeopteryx
45 Mesozoic Mammal Eomaia
46 Mesozoic Mammal Repenomamus
47 Jurassic
48 Cretaceous
49 Mesozoic Sea
50 Mesozoic sea
51 Cretaceous Extinction Perhaps 60% of species died Result of radical change in environment Perhaps Earth encountered a large meteorite 10 km in diameter 90,000 km/hr Equivalent to 100 megatons of TNT exploding
52 Cenozoic mammals
53 Cenozoic
54 Cenozoic
55 Cenozoic
56 Index fossils Widespread geographically Existed for a short range of geologic time
57 Use of Index Fossils
58
59 LABS MEET NEXT WEEK Bring your lab manual to every lab class!! Do the pre-lab activity, even if your instructor does not assign it!! Bring a calculator, your textbook, something to write with Next week we will be in NS 017 (downstairs at the south end)
60 LAB TERMS Stratification Bed Stratigraphy Original horizontality Superposition Unconformity misspelled in lab book Cross-cutting relationships Lateral continuity
Earth Science 105 Geologic Time Chapter 11
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