Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils. Team Name:

Transcription

1 Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils Team Name: Team Members: There are 12 stations and you will have approximately 3-4 minutes at each one. Each page of the test corresponds to one of the stations, but you can answer questions from any page at any time during the event regardless of which station you are currently at. There will be black and white pictures of 2-4 specimens on each page that you have to identify. The actual specimens or better pictures will be located at each station. Handle the fossils with care! Each page of the test will also have additional questions for you to answer that may or may not be related to the specimens at that station. Point values of questions are listed next to each question. Specimen identifications (either of actual fossils or pictures) are usually worth 3 points. When 2 levels are asked for (e.g. Name the Class and Genus ), 2 points will be given for correctly identifying the lowest level and 1 point for the higher level. When more than 2 levels are asked for, 1 point will be given for each level that is correctly identified. In the event of a tie, the first tiebreaker will be the total points scored from all of the specimen identifications. If needed, the 2 nd tiebreaker will be determined by comparing the total points per question starting with the first until one team has a better result. Write clearly! Multiple choice questions can be answered by circling the correct letter or writing the correct letter, but it must be clear to the grader what your answer is. Make sure all sheets of your test are stapled back together if you take them apart. A special thanks to Brooke Norstead and UW Geology Museum for the use of their fossil specimens! Also thanks goes out to the Dane County Library System and the Verona Public Library, the Wisconsin and National Science Olympiad organizations and their numerous supporters on the web, and many other people who have posted useful information on the internet. Page 1 of 13

2 Station A What is this? (3 points) Picture of specimen is on the 1 st page. 01-B - Name the Genus. (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 01-C - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) 01-D - Name the Class (3 points) 01-E Sample 01-C is an index fossil for which period? (2 points) 01-D - Match letter of descriptions with Correct Eon, ERA, Period, Epoch, or Age. Note: each description may be used once, more than once, or not at all. (1 point per time period) Answer Eon, ERA, Period, Epoch, or Age Possible Descriptions a) age of visible life 1) Archaen Eon 2) Cenozoic Era 3) Mesozoic Era 4) Paleozoic Era 5) Phanerozoic Eon 6) Proterozoic Eon b) Part of the Precambrian c) Era of recent life and the rise of humans d) Era of middle life and the Age of Dinosaurs e) Era of middle earth ; ended with the Ring Extinction f) Era of old life ; started with the Cambrian Explosion Page 2 of 13

3 Station A - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 02-B - What type of sedimentary rock is this? (3 points) 02-C Name the class or Superclass of this fish (Agnatha, Placodermi, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, or Sarcptergii) (3 points) 02-D What is this? (3 points) 02-E - Match letters with Correct Method of Fossilization. (1 point per method) Answer Method Description a) Original Skeletal minerals are still present 1) Replacement but in different crystal form 2) Recrystallization 3) Trace Fossils 4) Molds, Casts, and Imprints b) Things such as tracks, eggs and droppings are all examples of this method c) When tissue, bones, and shells is changed into a new mineral d) When Fossil is dissolved leaving a hole shaped with the organism, also mineral can fill in this hole and make a copy of the fossil Page 3 of 13

4 Station A - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 03-B What mode of preservation does this fossil demonstrate? (3 points) 03-C Name the Phylum and Class. (3 points) 03-D - Name the Genus (3 points) 03-E - Match letters of Mass Extinction to descriptions. Note: each extinction event may be used once, more than once, or not at all. (1 point per description) Answer Description Possible Mass Extinctions 1) K/Pg boundary 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Earth's largest known extinction killed about 96% of all marine species and 70% of land species Extinction of Ammonites and Belemnites End of the Age of Dinosaurs Extinction of Trilobites Chicxulub crater is evidence of one possible cause a) Ordovician-Silurian b) Permian-Triassic c) Klingonian d) Triassic-Jurassic e) Cretaceous Paleogene f) Late Devonian Page 4 of 13

5 Station A What type of fossils are these? (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 04-B - Name the Genus (3 points) 04-C What is this? (3 points) 04-D Name the Order and Genus (3 points) 04-E - Where is the Green River Formation located? (2 points) 04-F - What epoch are the fossils in the Green River Formation from? (2 points) 04-G - Modes of Life (2 points each) a) The term used for oceanic creatures that live on the sea floor is: b) The term used for oceanic creatures that swim freely through the sea: Page 5 of 13

6 Station A - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 05-B - Name the Order and Genus (3 points) 05-C - Name the Phylum, Class, and Genus (3 points) 05-D Name the Class (3 points) 05-E - What types of rocks are most suited for radiometric dating? (2 points) 05-F - Modes of Life (2 points each) a) Oceanic bottom dwellers capable of movement are called: b) Oceanic bottom dwellers which do not move are called: Page 6 of 13

7 Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils Station A - What type of sedimentary rock is this? (3 points) 06-B - Name the Subclass, Superorder, Order, and Genus (4 points) 06-C Name the Phylum, Class and Genus (3 points) 06-D Name the Class and Subclass (3 points) 06-E - What are the names of the 2 super-continents that Pangaea broke into starting in the Early-Middle Jurassic? (2 points per super-continent) 06-F - Fossils of Glossopteris, an extinct plant from the Permian period, is found in South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia. What does this tell us? (1-2 points) Page 7 of 13

8 Station A - Name the Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 07-B - What mode of preservation does this fossil demonstrate? (3 points) 07-C What is this? (3 points) 07-D - In North America the Carboniferous Period is divided into 2 sub-periods; name them. (2 points per) 07-E - What period is referred to as the Age of Fish? (2 points) Page 8 of 13

9 Station A - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 08-B - What type of sedimentary rock is this? (3 points) 08-C Name the Class and Genus (3 points) 08-D The fossil sample from 08-A was subjected to glaciation and polishing. What s the name for a rock with that origin? (2 points) 08-E - Put these taxonomy levels or categories in order from highest to lowest (2 points): Class, Family, Genus, Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Species Page 9 of 13

10 Station A - List the Class (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 09-B - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) 09-C - Put the following events/formations/fossils in order from OLDEST to most recent. (1 st, 2 nd, etc.) Use the age of the events/formations/fossils, not when they were discovered. (1 point per event/formation/fossil) A. Feathered Dinosaurs Appear B. Pleistocene Ice Age C. Cretaceous Paleogene Extinction D. Permian-Triassic Extinction E. Ediacaran Fossils F. Burgess Shale Formation 09-D Name the shaded Trilobite Body Parts (2 points each): a) b) c) Page 10 of 13

11 Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils Station A - Name the Kingdom, Phylum and Class (3 points) 10-B - Name the Genus (3 points) 10-C Name the Class and Genus? (3 points) 10-D Name the indicated parts of the Crinoid (2 points each): Page 11 of 13

12 Station A - Name the Class and Genus? (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 11-B - What type of fossil is this? (3 points) 11-C What is this? (3 points) 11-D - What is an Index Fossil? (1-2 points) Page 12 of 13

13 Station A What is this? (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils 12-B - Name the Order and Genus (3 points) 12-C Name the Class and Genus? (3 points) 12-D What is the scientific Genus name for the Dawn Redwood? (2 points) 12-E What is a living fossil? (2 points) Page 13 of 13

14 Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Team Name: Team Members: There are 12 stations and you will have approximately 3-4 minutes at each one. Each page of the test corresponds to one of the stations, but you can answer questions from any page at any time during the event regardless of which station you are currently at. There will be black and white pictures of 2-4 specimens on each page that you have to identify. The actual specimens or better pictures will be located at each station. Handle the fossils with care! Each page of the test will also have additional questions for you to answer that may or may not be related to the specimens at that station. Point values of questions are listed next to each question. Specimen identifications (either of actual fossils or pictures) are usually worth 3 points. When 2 levels are asked for (e.g. Name the Class and Genus ), 2 points will be given for correctly identifying the lowest level and 1 point for the higher level. When more than 2 levels are asked for, 1 point will be given for each level that is correctly identified. In the event of a tie, the first tiebreaker will be the total points scored from all of the specimen identifications. If needed, the 2 nd tiebreaker will be determined by comparing the total points per question starting with the first until one team has a better result. Write clearly! Multiple choice questions can be answered by circling the correct letter or writing the correct letter, but it must be clear to the grader what your answer is. Make sure all sheets of your test are stapled back together if you take them apart. A special thanks to Brooke Norstead and UW Geology Museum for the use of their fossil specimens! Also thanks goes out to the Dane County Library System and the Verona Public Library, the Wisconsin and National Science Olympiad organizations and their numerous supporters on the web, and many other people who have posted useful information on the internet. Page 1 of 13

15 Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Station A What is this? (3 points) Picture of specimen is on the 1 st page. Petrified Wood 01-B - Name the Genus. (3 points) Genus: Stegosaurus 01-C - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Class: Rhynchonellata Genus: Mucrospirifer 01-D - Name the Class (3 points) Class: Chondrichthyes (Cartilagenous Fish) 01-E Sample 01-C is an index fossil for which period? (2 points) the Devonian Period 01-D - Match letter of descriptions with Correct Eon, ERA, Period, Epoch, or Age. Note: each description may be used once, more than once, or not at all. (1 point per time period) Answer Eon, ERA, Period, Epoch, Key Possible Descriptions or Age 1) Archaen Eon b) Part of the Precambrian a) age of visible life 2) Cenozoic Era c) Era of recent life and the b) Part of the Precambrian rise of humans 3) Mesozoic Era d) Era of middle life and Age of Dinosaurs c) Era of recent life and the rise of humans 4) Paleozoic Era f) Era of old life started with the Cambrian Explosion d) Era of middle life and the Age of Dinosaurs 5) Phanerozoic Eon a) age of visible life e) Era of middle earth ; ended with the Ring Extinction 6) Proterozoic Eon b) Part of the Precambrian f) Era of old life ; started with the Cambrian Explosion Page 2 of 13

16 Station A - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Class: Articulata Genus: Platystrophia 02-B - What type of sedimentary rock is this? (3 points) Chalk or Limestone Chalk (2 points for just Limestone) 02-C Name the class or Superclass of this fish (Agnatha, Placodermi, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, or Sarcptergii) (3 points) Class: Osteichthyes 02-D What is this? (3 points) Trails (will also accept Tracks or Trackways) (1 point for Trace Fossil) 02-E - Match letters with Correct Method of Fossilization. (1 point per method) Answer Method Key Description 1) Replacement c) a) Original Skeletal minerals are still present but in different crystal form 2) Recrystallization a) b) Things such as tracks, eggs and droppings are all examples of this method 3) Trace Fossils b) c) When tissue, bones, and shells is changed into a new mineral 4) Molds, Casts, and Imprints d) d) When Fossil is dissolved leaving a hole shaped with the organism, also mineral can fill in this hole and make a copy of the fossil Page 3 of 13

17 Station A - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Class: Synapsida Genus: Dimetrodon 03-B What mode of preservation does this fossil demonstrate? (3 points) Internal mold (2 points for mold) 03-C Name the Phylum and Class. (3 points) Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa 03-D - Name the Genus (3 points) Genus: Calamites (horsetail) 03-E - Match letters of Mass Extinction to descriptions. Note: each extinction event may be used once, more than once, or not at all. (1 point per description) Answer Description Key Possible Mass Extinctions 1) K/Pg boundary e) Cretaceous Paleogene a) Ordovician-Silurian 2) Earth's largest known extinction killed about 96% of all marine species and 70% of land species b) Permian-Triassic b) Permian-Triassic c) Klingonian d) Triassic-Jurassic 3) Extinction of Ammonites and Belemnites 4) End of the Age of Dinosaurs e) Cretaceous Paleogene 5) Extinction of Trilobites b) Permian-Triassic 6) Chicxulub crater is evidence of e) Cretaceous Paleogene one possible cause e) Cretaceous Paleogene e) Cretaceous Paleogene f) Late Devonian Page 4 of 13

18 Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Station A What type of fossils are these? (3 points) Coprolites (1 point for Trace Fossils) 04-B - Name the Genus (3 points) Genus: Velociraptor 04-C What is this? (3 points) Coquina (1 point for sedimentary rock) 04-D Name the Order and Genus (3 points) Order: Saurischia Genus: Apatosaurus (claw replica) 04-E - Where is the Green River Formation located? (2 points) along the present-day Green River in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah 04-F - What epoch are the fossils in the Green River Formation from? (2 points) 04-G - Modes of Life (2 points each) a) The term used for oceanic creatures that live on the sea floor is: b) The term used for oceanic creatures that swim freely through the sea: Eocene Benthic Pelagic Page 5 of 13

19 Station A - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Class: Placodermi Genus: Dunkleosteus 05-B - Name the Order and Genus (3 points) Order: Tabulata or (Favositida?) Genus: Halysites 05-C - Name the Phylum, Class, and Genus (3 points) Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Genus: Favosites 05-D Name the Class (3 points) Class: Crinoidea (column fragment) 05-E - What types of rocks are most suited for radiometric dating? (2 points) igneous 05-F - Modes of Life (2 points each) a) Oceanic bottom dwellers capable of movement are called: vagile or vagrant b) Oceanic bottom dwellers which do not move are called: sessile Page 6 of 13

20 Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Station A - What type of sedimentary rock is this? (3 points) Chert 06-B - Name the Subclass, Superorder, Order, and Genus (4 points) Subclass: Diapsida Superorder: Dinosauria (or Dinosaurs) Order: Ornithischia Genus: Stegosaurus 06-C Name the Phylum, Class and Genus (3 points) Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Trilobita (or Trilobite) Genus: Elrathia 06-D Name the Class and Subclass (3 points) Class: Cephalopoda Subclass: Ammonoidea (Ammonite) 06-E - What are the names of the 2 super-continents that Pangaea broke into starting in the Early-Middle Jurassic? (2 points per super-continent) Laurasia Gondwana 06-F - Fossils of Glossopteris, an extinct plant from the Permian period, is found in South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia. What does this tell us? (1-2 points) That these currently separated continents were once joined together and allowed for the spread of the Glossopteris plant. Page 7 of 13

21 Station A - Name the Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Genus: Ginkgo 07-B - What mode of preservation does this fossil demonstrate? (3 points) Internal Mold (2 points for mold) 07-C What is this? (3 points) Fossiliferous Limestone (2 points for just Limestone, 1 point for just Sedimentary Rock)) 07-D - In North America the Carboniferous Period is divided into 2 subperiods; name them. (2 points per) Mississippian Pensylvanian 07-E - What period is referred to as the Age of Fish? (2 points) Devonian Page 8 of 13

22 Station A - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Class: Anthozoa Genus: Hexagonaria 08-B - What type of sedimentary rock is this? (3 points) Sandstone 08-C Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Class: Bivalvia Genus: Exogyra 08-D The fossil sample from 08-A was subjected to glaciation and polishing. What s the name for a rock with that origin? (2 points) 08-E - Put these taxonomy levels or categories in order from highest to lowest (2 points): Class, Family, Genus, Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Species A Petoskey stone Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Page 9 of 13

23 Station A - List the Class (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Class: Echinoidea 09-B - Name the Class and Genus (3 points) Class: Gastropoda Genus: Turritella 09-C - Put the following events/formations/fossils in order from OLDEST to most recent. (1 st, 2 nd, etc.) Use the age of the events/formations/fossils, not when they were discovered. (1 point per event/formation/fossil) 1 st - E - during the Ediacaran Period (ca. A. Feathered Dinosaurs Appear Ma). 2 nd - F - It is 505 million years (Middle B. Pleistocene Ice Age Cambrian) old 3 rd - D - occurred million years C. Cretaceous Paleogene Extinction ago,[2][3] forming the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods D. Permian-Triassic Extinction 4 th - A - between 161 and 151 million years ago during Jurassic Period E. Ediacaran Fossils 5 th - C - occurred approximately 65.5 million years ago; end of the Cretaceous Period and F. Burgess Shale Formation Mesozoic Era 6 th - B million (±5,000 years) to 11,550 years before present (BP), 09-D Name the shaded Trilobite Body Parts (2 points each): a) Cephalon b) Thorax c) Pygidium a) b) c) Page 10 of 13

24 Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Station A - Name the Kingdom, Phylum and Class (3 points) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Hemichordata Class: Graptolithina 10-B - Name the Genus (3 points) Genus: Mammoth 10-C Name the Class and Genus? (3 points) Class: Cephalopoda Genus: Baculites 10-D Name the indicated parts of the Crinoid (2 points each): a) Pinnules b) Calyx c) Columnal d) Holdfast Page 11 of 13

25 Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Station A - Name the Class and Genus? (3 points) Class: Cephalopoda Genus: Belemnitella (or Belemnite) 11-B - What type of fossil is this? (3 points) Burrows (will also accept Borings or Tubes) (1 point for Trace Fossil) 11-C What is this? (3 points) Tracks (will also accept Trails and Trackways) (1 point for Trace Fossil or Footprint) 11-D - What is an Index Fossil? (1-2 points) A fossil used knowing its age to date other fossils surrounding that fossil. or a fossil that had a very wide geographical distribution but existed for a relatively short period of time, either becoming extinct or evolving into something else Page 12 of 13

26 Station A What is this? (3 points) Wisconsin Science Olympiad 2015 West Regional Fossils - KEY Shale 12-B - Name the Order and Genus (3 points) Order: Saurischia Genus: Tyrannosaurus (tooth replica) 12-C Name the Class and Genus? (3 points) Class: Cephalopoda Genus: Orthoceras 12-D What is the scientific Genus name for the Dawn Redwood? (2 points) Metasequoia 12-E What is a living fossil? (2 points) An informal term for any living species which appears to be the same as a species otherwise only known from fossils and which has no close living relatives. e.g. Coelacanth, Metasequoia, Gingko, Page 13 of 13